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Jiang HT, Deng R, Deng Y, Nie M, Deng YX, Luo HH, Yang YY, Ni N, Ran CC, Deng ZL. The role of Serpina3n in the reversal effect of ATRA on dexamethasone-inhibited osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:291. [PMID: 34001245 PMCID: PMC8127316 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common secondary osteoporosis. Patients with GIOP are susceptible to fractures and the subsequent delayed bone union or nonunion. Thus, effective drugs and targets need to be explored. In this regard, the present study aims to reveal the possible mechanism of the anti-GIOP effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Methods Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)-transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as an in vitro osteogenic model to deduce the relationship between ATRA and dexamethasone (DEX). The osteogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescent staining assay. ALP activities and matrix mineralization were evaluated using ALP staining and Alizarin Red S staining assay, respectively. The novel genes associated with ATRA and DEX were detected using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The binding of the protein–DNA complex was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Rat GIOP models were constructed using intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 1 mg/kg, while ATRA intragastric administration was applied to prevent and treat GIOP. These effects were evaluated based on the serum detection of the osteogenic markers osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, histological staining, and micro-computed tomography analysis. Results ATRA enhanced BMP9-induced ALP, RUNX2 expressions, ALP activities, and matrix mineralization in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells, while a high concentration of DEX attenuated these markers. When DEX was combined with ATRA, the latter reversed DEX-inhibited ALP activities and osteogenic markers. In vivo analysis showed that ATRA reversed DEX-inhibited bone volume, bone trabecular number, and thickness. During the reversal process of ATRA, the expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) was elevated. RARβ inhibitor Le135 partly blocked the reversal effect of ATRA. Meanwhile, RNA-seq demonstrated that serine protease inhibitor, clade A, member 3N (Serpina3n) was remarkably upregulated by DEX but downregulated when combined with ATRA. Overexpression of Serpina3n attenuated ATRA-promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of Serpina3n blocked DEX-inhibited osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, ChIP assay revealed that RARβ can regulate the expression of Serpina3n. Conclusion ATRA can reverse DEX-inhibited osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, which may be closely related to the downregulation of DEX-promoted Serpina3n. Hence, ATRA may be viewed as a novel therapeutic agent, and Serpina3n may act as a new target for GIOP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02347-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Mao Nie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hong-Hong Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Na Ni
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Ding RF, Yu Q, Liu K, Du J, Yin HJ, Ji ZL. Gene network analyses unveil possible molecular basis underlying drug-induced glaucoma. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:109. [PMID: 33874942 PMCID: PMC8056654 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-induced glaucoma (DIG) is a kind of serious adverse drug reaction that can cause irreversible blindness. Up-to-date, the molecular mechanism of DIG largely remains unclear yet due to the medical complexity of glaucoma onset. Methods In this study, we conducted data mining of tremendous historical adverse drug events and genome-wide drug-regulated gene signatures to identify glaucoma-associated drugs. Upon these drugs, we carried out serial network analyses, including the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), to illustrate the gene interaction network underlying DIG. Furthermore, we applied pathogenic risk assessment to discover potential biomarker genes for DIG. Results As the results, we discovered 13 highly glaucoma-associated drugs, a glaucoma-related gene network, and 55 glaucoma-susceptible genes. These genes likely played central roles in triggering DIGs via an integrative mechanism of phototransduction dysfunction, intracellular calcium homeostasis disruption, and retinal ganglion cell death. Further pathogenic risk analysis manifested that a panel of nine genes, particularly OTOF gene, could serve as potential biomarkers for early-onset DIG prognosis. Conclusions This study elucidates the possible molecular basis underlying DIGs systematically for the first time. It also provides prognosis clues for early-onset glaucoma and thus assists in designing better therapeutic regimens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00960-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of intravitreal injection of human CD34 + bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107865. [PMID: 31682846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human CD34 + stem cells are mobilized from bone marrow to sites of tissue ischemia and play an important role in tissue revascularization. This study used a murine model to test the hypothesis that intravitreal injection of human CD34 + stem cells harvested from bone marrow (BMSCs) can have protective effects in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (C57BL/6J) were used as a model for diabetic retinopathy. Subcutaneous implantation of Alzet pump, loaded with Tacrolimus and Rapamycin, 5 days prior to intravitreal injection provided continuous systemic immunosuppression for the study duration to avoid rejection of human cells. Human CD34 + BMSCs were harvested from the mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow from a healthy donor using magnetic beads. The CD34 + cells were labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) using a lentiviral vector. The right eye of each mouse received an intravitreal injection of 50,000 EGFP-labeled CD34 + BMSCs or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Simultaneous multimodal in vivo retinal imaging system consisting of fluorescent scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (enabling fluorescein angiography), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography was used to confirm the development of diabetic retinopathy and study the in vivo migration of the EGFP-labeled CD34 + BMSCs in the vitreous and retina following intravitreal injection. After imaging, the mice were euthanized, and the eyes were removed for immunohistochemistry. In addition, microarray analysis of the retina and retinal flat mount analysis of retinal vasculature were performed. The development of retinal microvascular changes consistent with diabetic retinopathy was visualized using fluorescein angiography and OCT angiography between 5 and 6 months after induction of diabetes in all diabetic mice. These retinal microvascular changes include areas of capillary nonperfusion and late leakage of fluorescein dye. Multimodal in vivo imaging and immunohistochemistry identified EGFP-labeled cells in the superficial retina and along retinal vasculature at 1 and 4 weeks following intravitreal cell injection. Microarray analysis showed changes in expression of 162 murine retinal genes following intravitreal CD34 + BMSC injection when compared to PBS-injected control. The major molecular pathways affected by intravitreal CD34 + BMSC injection in the murine retina included pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy including Toll-like receptor, MAP kinase, oxidative stress, cellular development, assembly and organization pathways. At 4 weeks following intravitreal injection, retinal flat mount analysis showed preservation of the retinal vasculature in eyes injected with CD34 + BMSCs when compared to PBS-injected control. The study findings support the hypothesis that intravitreal injection of human CD34 + BMSCs results in retinal homing and integration of these human cells with preservation of the retinal vasculature in murine eyes with diabetic retinopathy.
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Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1755. [PMID: 29176626 PMCID: PMC5701146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with known sequence variants, we are able to determine that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of pregabalin is dependent on the Cacna2d1 haplotype. Using human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, evidence for association of a CACNA2D1 single-nucleotide polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma is found. Importantly, these results demonstrate that our systems genetics approach represents an efficient method to identify genetic variation that can guide the selection of therapeutic targets. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma. Using forward mouse genetics, cell biology, pharmacology and human genetic data, the authors identify CACNA2D1 as an IOP risk gene that can be therapeutically targeted by the drug pregabalin in animal models.
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Manduca Contactin Regulates Amyloid Precursor Protein-Dependent Neuronal Migration. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8757-75. [PMID: 27535920 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0729-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Amyloid precursor protein (APP) was originally identified as the source of β-amyloid peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it also has been implicated in the control of multiple aspects of neuronal motility. APP belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of transmembrane proteins that can interact with a variety of adapter and signaling molecules. Recently, we showed that both APP and its insect ortholog [APPL (APP-Like)] directly bind the heterotrimeric G-protein Goα, supporting the model that APP can function as an unconventional Goα-coupled receptor. We also adapted a well characterized assay of neuronal migration in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, to show that APPL-Goα signaling restricts ectopic growth within the developing nervous system, analogous to the role postulated for APP family proteins in controlling migration within the mammalian cortex. Using this assay, we have now identified Manduca Contactin (MsContactin) as an endogenous ligand for APPL, consistent with previous work showing that Contactins interact with APP family proteins in other systems. Using antisense-based knockdown protocols and fusion proteins targeting both proteins, we have shown that MsContactin is selectively expressed by glial cells that ensheath the migratory neurons (expressing APPL), and that MsContactin-APPL interactions normally prevent inappropriate migration and outgrowth. These results provide new evidence that Contactins can function as authentic ligands for APP family proteins that regulate APP-dependent responses in the developing nervous system. They also support the model that misregulated Contactin-APP interactions might provoke aberrant activation of Goα and its effectors, thereby contributing to the neurodegenerative sequelae that typify AD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Members of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) family participate in many aspects of neuronal development, but the ligands that normally activate APP signaling have remained controversial. This research provides new evidence that members of the Contactin family function as authentic ligands for APP and its orthologs, and that this evolutionarily conserved class of membrane-attached proteins regulates key aspects of APP-dependent migration and outgrowth in the embryonic nervous system. By defining the normal role of Contactin-APP signaling during development, these studies also provide the framework for investigating how the misregulation of Contactin-APP interactions might contribute to neuronal dysfunction in the context of both normal aging and neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease.
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