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Kishore J, Shaikh F, Zubairi AM, Mirza S, Alqutub MN, AlMubarak AM, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Evaluation of serum neuron specific enolase levels among patients with primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome. Cephalalgia 2021; 42:119-127. [PMID: 34644195 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211046613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burning mouth syndrome is a painful condition of the oral cavity with ambiguous pathogenesis and diagnosis. Neuron-specific enolase is increased in several conditions including peripheral neuropathy of diabetes, ophthalmopathies, spinal cord injuries and tumors. Evidence on association of burning mouth syndrome and neuron-specific enolase is limited. AIM This study aims to evaluate neuron-specific enolase levels in primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome patients and compare the levels of neuron-specific enolase with associated conditions in secondary burning mouth syndrome. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight patients of more than 18 years of age with no gender predilection and having clinical symptoms of burning mouth syndrome and 135 healthy subjects were included. All the patients fulfilled Scala's criteria for the diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome, including "primary" (idiopathic) and "secondary" (resulting from identified precipitating factors) burning mouth syndrome patients. Blood samples were obtained from burning mouth syndrome patients. Serum neuron-specific enolase was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To compare means and standard deviations, among primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome, data was analysed with analysis of variance and multiple comparisons test. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants for burning mouth syndrome and healthy subjects was 53.30 and 51.6 years, respectively. Amongst the secondary burning mouth syndrome group, 32 (25%) of the patients had menopause, 15 (11.7%) had diabetes, eight (6.2%) of the patients had nutritional deficiency, seven (5.4%) had combined diabetes, menopause, and depression, six (4.6%) had combined diabetes and depression, four (3.1%) were diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. A minor percentage of 2.3% (three) had gastroesophageal reflux disease, while the remaining three (2.3%) patients in the secondary burning mouth syndrome group were on anti-depressants. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of neuron-specific enolase in primary burning mouth syndrome as compared to the secondary burning mouth syndrome and healthy groups. Among the subgroups of secondary burning mouth syndrome, diabetic individuals showed a significant increase in neuron-specific enolase level when compared with other conditions in the secondary burning mouth syndrome patients.Discussion and conclusion: The raised serum neuron-specific enolase levels in patients suffering from primary burning mouth syndrome highlight a possible neuropathic mechanism. It was also increased in the sub-group of secondary burning mouth syndrome patients having diabetes. Although it cannot be ascertained whether the deranged values in the diabetic group were due to burning mouth syndrome or due to diabetes, the raised quantity of neuron-specific enolase in the primary burning mouth syndrome group is a reliable diagnostic indicator. Future studies on the assessment of neuron-specific enolase levels as a diagnostic tool for onset and management of primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimala Kishore
- Department of Oral Pathology, 37093Ziauddin University, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Shaikh
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Mirza
- Department of Oral Pathology, 37093Ziauddin University, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Montaser N Alqutub
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, 37850King Saud University, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M AlMubarak
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, 37850King Saud University, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Botelho GIS, Salomão SR, Tengan CH, Karanjia R, Moura FV, Rocha DM, da Silva PBE, Fernandes AG, Watanabe SES, Sacai PY, Belfort R, Carelli V, Sadun AA, Berezovsky A. Impaired Ganglion Cell Function Objectively Assessed by the Photopic Negative Response in Affected and Asymptomatic Members From Brazilian Families With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Front Neurol 2021; 11:628014. [PMID: 33584522 PMCID: PMC7874135 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.628014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The photopic negative response (PhNR) is an electrophysiological method that provides retinal ganglion cell function assessment using full-field stimulation that does not require clear optics or refractive correction. The purpose of this study was to assess ganglion cell function by PhNR in affected and asymptomatic carriers from Brazilian families with LHON. Methods: Individuals either under suspicion or previously diagnosed with LHON and their family members were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Screening for the most frequent LHON mtDNA mutations was performed. Visual acuity, color discrimination, visual fields, pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP), full-field electroretinography and PhNR were tested. A control group of healthy subjects was included. Full-field ERG PhNR were recorded using red (640 nm) flashes at 1 cd.s/m2, on blue (470 nm) rod saturating background. PhNR amplitude (μV) was measured using baseline-to-trough (BT). Optical coherence tomography scans of both the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) were measured. PhNR amplitudes among affected, carriers and controls were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn test. The associations between PhNR amplitude and OCT parameters were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results: Participants were 24 LHON affected patients (23 males, mean age=30.5 ± 11.4 yrs) from 19 families with the following genotype: m.11778G>A [N = 15 (62%), 14 males]; m.14484T>C [N = 5 (21%), all males] and m.3460G>A [N = 4 (17%), all males] and 14 carriers [13 females, mean age: 43.2 ± 13.3 yrs; m.11778G>A (N = 11); m.3460G>A (N = 2) and m.14484T>C (N = 1)]. Controls were eight females and seven males (mean age: 32.6 ± 11.5 yrs). PhNR amplitudes were significantly reduced (p = 0.0001) in LHON affected (-5.96 ± 3.37 μV) compared to carriers (-16.53 ± 3.40 μV) and controls (-23.91 ± 4.83; p < 0.0001) and in carriers compared to controls (p = 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between PhNR amplitude and total macular ganglion cell thickness (r = -0.62, p < 0.05). Severe abnormalities in color discrimination, visual fields and PRVEPs were found in affected and subclinical abnormalities in carriers. Conclusions: In this cohort of Brazilian families with LHON the photopic negative response was severely reduced in affected patients and mildly reduced in asymptomatic carriers suggesting possible subclinical abnormalities in the latter. These findings were similar among pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Izan Santos Botelho
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Rios Salomão
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Harumi Tengan
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rustum Karanjia
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Ottawa Eye Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Felipo Victor Moura
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins Rocha
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Baptista Eliseo da Silva
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Gustavo Fernandes
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sung Eun Song Watanabe
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Yuri Sacai
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto da Visão-IPEPO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alfredo Arrigo Sadun
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana Berezovsky
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Long M, Wang L, Tian Q, Ding H, Qin W, Shi D, Yu C. Brain white matter changes in asymptomatic carriers of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. J Neurol 2019; 266:1474-1480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Haque A, Polcyn R, Matzelle D, Banik NL. New Insights into the Role of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Neuro-Inflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E33. [PMID: 29463007 PMCID: PMC5836052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a complex process that leads to irreversible neuronal damage and death in spinal cord injury (SCI) and various neurodegenerative diseases, which are serious, debilitating conditions. Despite exhaustive research, the cause of neuronal damage in these degenerative disorders is not completely understood. Elevation of cell surface α-enolase activates various inflammatory pathways, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and some growth factors that are detrimental to neuronal cells. While α-enolase is present in all neurological tissues, it can also be converted to neuron specific enolase (NSE). NSE is a glycolytic enzyme found in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissues that may play a dual role in promoting both neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in SCI and other neurodegenerative events. Elevated NSE can promote ECM degradation, inflammatory glial cell proliferation, and actin remodeling, thereby affecting migration of activated macrophages and microglia to the injury site and promoting neuronal cell death. Thus, NSE could be a reliable, quantitative, and specific marker of neuronal injury. Depending on the injury, disease, and microenvironment, NSE may also show neurotrophic function as it controls neuronal survival, differentiation, and neurite regeneration via activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This review discusses possible implications of NSE expression and activity in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuroprotection in SCI and various neurodegenerative diseases for prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Denise Matzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
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International Consensus Statement on the Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2017; 37:371-381. [PMID: 28991104 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is currently estimated as the most frequent mitochondrial disease (1 in 27,000-45,000). Its molecular pathogenesis and natural history is now fairly well understood. LHON also is the first mitochondrial disease for which a treatment has been approved (idebenone-Raxone, Santhera Pharmaceuticals) by the European Medicine Agency, under exceptional circumstances because of the rarity and severity of the disease. However, what remains unclear includes the optimal target population, timing, dose, and frequency of administration of idebenone in LHON due to lack of accepted definitions, criteria, and general guidelines for the clinical management of LHON. To address these issues, a consensus conference with a panel of experts from Europe and North America was held in Milan, Italy, in 2016. The intent was to provide expert consensus statements for the clinical and therapeutic management of LHON based on the currently available evidence. We report the conclusions of this conference, providing the guidelines for clinical and therapeutic management of LHON.
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Zheng L, Fan QM, Wei ZY. Serum S-100β and NSE levels after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:70. [PMID: 26179379 PMCID: PMC4504080 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate serum levels of S-100 beta (S-100β) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods The PubMed (~2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982 ~ 2013) were searched without language restrictions. After extraction of relevant data from selected studies, meta-analyses were conducted using STATA software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas USA). Possible sources of heterogeneity were examined through univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses and verified by Monte Carlo Simulation. Results Eleven studies with a total of 411 CHD patients met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum S-100β and NSE levels between the on-pump group and the off-pump group before surgery. In the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum S-100β levels of CHD patients between before and after surgery, especially within the first 24 h after surgery. Furthermore, in the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum NSE levels of CHD patients between before and after surgery, particularly at 0 h after surgery. In the off-pump group, there was an obvious difference in serum S-100β levels between before and after surgery, especially within 24 h after surgery. Our results also demonstrated that serum S-100β and NSE levels of CHD patients in the on-pump group were significantly higher than those of patients in the off-pump group, especially within 24 h after surgery. Conclusions Our findings provide empirical evidence that off-pump and on-pump CABG surgeries may increase serum S-100β and NSE levels in CHD patients, which was most prominent within 24 h after on-pump CABG surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No.20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, P.R. China.
| | - Qing-Ming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No.20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No.20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, P.R. China.
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Li J, Yan M, Zhang Y, Xie M, Yan L, Chen J. Serum neuron-specific enolase is elevated as a novel indicator of diabetic retinopathy including macular oedema. Diabet Med 2015; 32:102-7. [PMID: 25252158 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Neuron-specific enolase as a potential biomarker of diabetic retinopathy, a neurovascular disease, had not been fully explored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NSE and diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Participants included Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls (n = 392). In this cross-sectional study, diabetic retinopathy status was assessed by fundus photographs. Serum neuron-specific enolase was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Co-variables for diabetic retinopathy and neuron-specific enolase were obtained from fasting blood samples and interviewer questionnaires. RESULTS Neuron-specific enolase was slightly elevated in diabetic patients, in contrast to healthy participants, and obviously increased in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared with those without [8.3 (2.0) vs. 7.6 (1.5), P = 0.037 and 8.3 (2.0) vs. 9.5 (2.7), P = 0.004, respectively]. In addition, neuron-specific enolase levels increased with and were closely correlated to the stages of retinopathy without macular oedema [r = 0.60 (0.50-0.71), P = 0.002] and stages of macular oedema with comparable retinopathy [r = 0.58 (0.46-0.69), P = 0.006]. The association of neuron-specific enolase with diabetic retinopathy was independent [odds ration (OR): 1.31 (1.12-1.65), P = 0.017], after the diabetic state and other potential confounders affecting NSE levels were considered (e.g., HbA1c , duration, age, gender, renal status and medicines). The optimal cut-off point for serum neuron-specific enolase levels for differentiating between participants with diabetic retinopathy including macular oedema and those without was 9.3 μg/l, with a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 69.8%. CONCLUSIONS Serum neuron-specific enolase is elevated in and indicative of diabetic retinopathy. Neuron-specific enolase may be a potential biomarker of diabetic retinopathy. Future prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Aanen DK, Spelbrink JN, Beekman M. What cost mitochondria? The maintenance of functional mitochondrial DNA within and across generations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130438. [PMID: 24864309 PMCID: PMC4032515 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The peculiar biology of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) potentially has detrimental consequences for organismal health and lifespan. Typically, eukaryotic cells contain multiple mitochondria, each with multiple mtDNA genomes. The high copy number of mtDNA implies that selection on mtDNA functionality is relaxed. Furthermore, because mtDNA replication is not strictly regulated, within-cell selection may favour mtDNA variants with a replication advantage, but a deleterious effect on cell fitness. The opportunities for selfish mtDNA mutations to spread are restricted by various organism-level adaptations, such as uniparental transmission, germline mtDNA bottlenecks, germline selection and, during somatic growth, regular alternation between fusion and fission of mitochondria. These mechanisms are all hypothesized to maintain functional mtDNA. However, the strength of selection for maintenance of functional mtDNA progressively declines with age, resulting in age-related diseases. Furthermore, organismal adaptations that most probably evolved to restrict the opportunities for selfish mtDNA create secondary problems. Owing to predominantly maternal mtDNA transmission, recombination among mtDNA from different individuals is highly restricted or absent, reducing the scope for repair. Moreover, maternal inheritance precludes selection against mtDNA variants with male-specific effects. We finish by discussing the consequences of life-history differences among taxa with respect to mtDNA evolution and make a case for the use of microorganisms to experimentally manipulate levels of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duur K Aanen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, PO Box 309, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes N Spelbrink
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands FinMIT Centre of Excellence, BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Madeleine Beekman
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Guy J, Feuer WJ, Porciatti V, Schiffman J, Abukhalil F, Vandenbroucke R, Rosa PR, Lam BL. Retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in asymptomatic G11778A: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:841-8. [PMID: 24398093 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the serial evaluation of asymptomatic eyes of subjects with mutated G11778A mitochondrial DNA. METHODS Forty-five asymptomatic G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carriers and two patients with the mutation who developed unilateral visual loss underwent testing that included visual acuity, automated visual field, pattern electroretinogram (PERG), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography every 6 months between September 2008 and March 2012. RESULTS Visual acuity, visual fields, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness remained stable within the normal range. Mean PERG amplitudes of carriers dropped progressively by ∼ 40% from baseline to 36 months. In addition, comparisons with the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral optic neuritis revealed a 3.4 ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) letter loss in the LHON carriers. A single carrier developed visual loss, with PERG amplitudes dropping by half. In one of two LHON cases who presented with unilateral visual loss, visual acuity in the asymptomatic eye was ∼ 20/40 at baseline. The PERG amplitude of this eye was reduced to ∼ 30% of normal. Six months later, his visual acuity had dropped to ∼ 20/500. A second patient who was ∼ 20/20 and had a visual field defect in the asymptomatic eye at baseline remained at this level for the 18 months of follow-up. His PERG amplitudes were similar to those of asymptomatic carriers, with 0.78 μV at baseline that did not decline with follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Declines of the PERG amplitude suggest subclinical retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in asymptomatic G11778A subjects, which is progressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Guy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Are we there yet? Is neuro-ophthalmology at the cusp of a paradigm shift? Lessons from leber hereditary optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2013; 33:189-97. [PMID: 23681244 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0b013e31829343a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sadun AA, La Morgia C, Carelli V. Mitochondrial optic neuropathies: our travels from bench to bedside and back again. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:702-12. [PMID: 23433229 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The standard scientific method requires that you make an interesting observation, generate a hypothesis and then design an experiment to test the hypothesis. In ophthalmology, as in most fields of medicine, the observations and hypotheses tend to have more degrees of freedom, and the interpretation of experiments is also more complicated and often indeterminate. But sometimes it works out, going back and forth from bench to bedside to bench, in reiterative cycles. A successful example of alternating bench and bedside studies was presented (AAS) at the 2012 Alper Memorial given at the Washington Hospital Medical Center, illustrating a series of questions and investigations that pertain to mitochondrial optic neuropathies, beginning two decades ago, before the concept of mitochondrial optic neuropathies had much meaning. Basic science questions are often best answered by that extraordinary experiment of nature that we call clinical disease, and clinical questions are often best tested in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo A Sadun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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