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de Jong E, Quint KD, El Ghalbzouri A, Verdijk RM, Goeman JJ, Heidt S, Claas FHJ, de Fijter JW, Genders RE, Vermeer MH, Bouwes Bavinck JN. HLA expression as a risk factor for metastases of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma in organ- transplant recipients. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:208-213. [PMID: 36621381 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ-transplant recipients (SOTR) have an increased risk of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), metastasis and death from cSCC. In immunocompetent patients with mucosal SCC, downregulation of HLA class I is associated with poor prognosis. Since the degree of HLA expression on tumor cells could play a role in immunogenicity and pathophysiology of cSCC metastasis, we hypothesized that decreased HLA expression is associated with an increased risk of metastasis. METHODS We compared HLA expression between primary metastasized cSCCs, their metastases, and non-metastasized cSCCs from the same patients. Samples were stained for HLA-A, HLA-B/-C and quantified by calculating the difference in immunoreactivity score (IRS) of the primary cSCC compared with all non-metastasized cSCCs. RESULTS The mean IRS score for HLA-B/C expression was 2.07 point higher in metastasized compared to non-metastasized cSCCs (p = 0.065, 95 % CI -0.18-4.32). 83.3 % of the primary metastasized cSCCs had an IRS score of 4 or higher, compared to 42.9 % in non-metastasized cSCCs. Moderately to poorly differentiated cSCCs had more HLA class I expression compared to well-differentiated cSCCs. CONCLUSION Contrary to immunocompetent patients, HLA-B/C expression tends to be upregulated in metastasized cSCC compared to non-metastasized cSCC in SOTR, suggesting that different tumor escape mechanisms play a role in SOTR compared to immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abdoelwaheb El Ghalbzouri
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel E Genders
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wang C, Wang Z, Yao T, Zhou J, Wang Z. The immune-related role of beta-2-microglobulin in melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944722. [PMID: 36046045 PMCID: PMC9421255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma, resistance to these agents still affects patient prognosis and response to therapies. Beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), an important subunit of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, has important biological functions and roles in tumor immunity. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that B2M gene deficiency can inhibit MHC class I antigen presentation and lead to cancer immune evasion by affecting β2M expression. Based on this, B2M gene defect and T cell-based immunotherapy can interact to affect the efficacy of melanoma treatment. Taking into account the many recent advances in B2M-related melanoma immunity, here we discuss the immune function of the B2M gene in tumors, its common genetic alteration in melanoma, and its impact on and related improvements in melanoma immunotherapy. Our comprehensive review of β2M biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy contributes to understanding the potential of B2M gene as a promising melanoma therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jibo Zhou, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jibo Zhou, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
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Nahon-Estève S, Bertolotto C, Picard-Gauci A, Gastaud L, Baillif S, Hofman P, Groulier A, Maschi C, Caujolle JP, Lassalle S, Martel A. Small but Challenging Conjunctival Melanoma: New Insights, Paradigms and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5691. [PMID: 34830847 PMCID: PMC8616295 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although its incidence has increased over the last decades, conjunctival melanoma (CM) remains a rare but challenging periocular malignancy. While there is currently no recognized standard of care, "no-touch" surgical excision followed by adjuvant treatments is usually recommended. Despite its small size, managing CM is challenging for clinicians. The first challenge is the high risk of tumour local recurrence that occurs in about one third of the patients. The management of locally advanced CM (≥T2) or multiple recurrences may require mutilating surgeries such as orbital exenteration (OE). The second challenge is the metastatic spread of CM that occurs in about one quarter of patients, regardless of whether complete surgical excision is performed or not. This highlights the infiltrative and highly aggressive behaviour of CM. Recently, attention has been directed towards the use of eye-sparing strategies to avoid OE. Initially, wide conservative surgeries followed by customized brachytherapy or radiotherapy have appeared as viable strategies. Nowadays, new biological insights into CM have revealed similarities with cutaneous melanoma. These new findings have allowed clinicians to reconsider the management of locally advanced CM with "medical" eye-sparing treatment as well as the management of metastatic spread. The aim of this review was to summarize the current and future perspectives of treatment for CM based on recent biological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Nahon-Estève
- Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (S.B.); (C.M.); (J.-P.C.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe Labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM, 06200 Nice, France;
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Department of Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe Labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, INSERM, 06200 Nice, France;
| | - Alexandra Picard-Gauci
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Lauris Gastaud
- Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Centre, Oncology Department, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Stéphanie Baillif
- Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (S.B.); (C.M.); (J.-P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- FHU OncoAge, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (P.H.); (S.L.)
- Biobank BB-0033-00025, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Anaïs Groulier
- Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Célia Maschi
- Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (S.B.); (C.M.); (J.-P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Caujolle
- Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (S.B.); (C.M.); (J.-P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Sandra Lassalle
- FHU OncoAge, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (P.H.); (S.L.)
- Biobank BB-0033-00025, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Ophthalmology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (S.B.); (C.M.); (J.-P.C.); (A.M.)
- FHU OncoAge, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (P.H.); (S.L.)
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Koç İ, Kıratlı H. Current Management of Conjunctival Melanoma Part 2: Treatment and Future Directions. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 50:362-370. [PMID: 33389937 PMCID: PMC7802095 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.22567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare disease which requires tailored management in most cases. The mainstays of treatment can be classified as surgery, topical chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and other emerging treatment modalities. Herein we review conventional approaches as well as more recently introduced treatment options, together with advances in molecular biology in this particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Koç
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayyam Kıratlı
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Brouwer NJ, Verdijk RM, Heegaard S, Marinkovic M, Esmaeli B, Jager MJ. Conjunctival melanoma: New insights in tumour genetics and immunology, leading to new therapeutic options. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100971. [PMID: 34015548 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in oncology have led to a better molecular and cellular understanding of cancer, and the introduction of novel therapies. Conjunctival melanoma (CoM) is a rare but potentially devastating disease. A better understanding of CoM, leading to the development of novel therapies, is urgently needed. CoM is characterized by mutations that have also been identified in cutaneous melanoma, e.g. in BRAF, NRAS and TERT. These mutations are distinct from the mutations found in uveal melanoma (UM), affecting genes such as GNAQ, GNA11, and BAP1. Targeted therapies that are successful in cutaneous melanoma may therefore be useful in CoM. A recent breakthrough in the treatment of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma was the development of immunotherapy. While immunotherapy is currently sparsely effective in intraocular tumours such as UM, the similarities between CoM and cutaneous melanoma (including in their immunological tumour micro environment) provide hope for the application of immunotherapy in CoM, and preliminary clinical data are indeed emerging to support this use. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding CoM, with a focus on the genetic and immunologic understanding. We elaborate on the distinct position of CoM in contrast to other types of melanoma, and explain how new insights in the pathophysiology of this disease guide the development of new, personalized, treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Brouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medica Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Eye Pathology Section, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Lazaridou MF, Gonschorek E, Massa C, Friedrich M, Handke D, Mueller A, Jasinski-Bergner S, Dummer R, Koelblinger P, Seliger B. Identification of miR-200a-5p targeting the peptide transporter TAP1 and its association with the clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1774323. [PMID: 32923135 PMCID: PMC7458634 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1774323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor escape is often associated with abnormalities in the surface expression of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) antigens thereby limiting CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses. This impaired HLA-I surface expression can be mediated by deficient expression of components of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) due to epigenetic, transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional processes. Since a discordant mRNA and protein expression pattern of APM components including the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) has been frequently described in tumors of distinct origin, a post-transcriptional control of APM components caused by microRNAs (miR) was suggested. Using an in silico approach, miR-200a-5p has been identified as a candidate miR binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TAP1. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a specific binding of miR-200a-5p to the TAP1 3'-UTR. Furthermore, the miR-200a-5p expression is inversely correlated with the TAP1 protein expression in HEK293T cells and in a panel of melanoma cell lines as well as in primary melanoma lesions. High levels of miR-200a-5p expression were associated with a shorter overall survival of melanoma patients. Overexpression of miR-200a-5p reduced TAP1 levels, which was accompanied by a decreased HLA-I surface expression and an enhanced NK cell sensitivity of melanoma cells. These data show for the first time a miR-mediated control of the peptide transporter subunit TAP1 in melanoma thereby leading to a reduced HLA-I surface expression accompanied by an altered immune recognition and reduced patients' survival. Abbreviations Ab: antibody; ACTB: β-actin; APM: antigen processing and presentation machinery; ATCC: American tissue culture collection; β2-m: β2-microglobulin; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; FCS: fetal calf serum; FFL: firefly luciferase; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HC: heavy chain; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HLA-I: HLA class I; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; im-miR: immune modulatory miRNA; LMP: low molecular weight protein; luc: luciferase; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; miR: microRNA; NC: negative control; NK: natural killer; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; OS: overall survival; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RBP: RNA-binding proteins; RL: Renilla; RLU: relative light units; TAP: transporter associated with antigen processing; tpn: tapasin; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evamaria Gonschorek
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Diana Handke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Mueller
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Nekoua MP, Bertin A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Lobert D, Trauet J, Hober C, Engelmann I, Moutairou K, Yessoufou A, Hober D. Pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with coxsackievirus B4 are targets of NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:179-194. [PMID: 31172216 PMCID: PMC11104831 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the persistence of coxsackieviruses-B (CV-B) in pancreatic beta cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, immunological effectors, especially natural killer (NK) cells, are supposed to clear virus-infected cells. Therefore, an evaluation of the response of NK cells to pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 was conducted. A persistent CV-B4 infection was established in 1.1B4 pancreatic beta cells. Infectious particles were found in supernatants throughout the culture period. The proportion of cells containing viral protein VP1 was low (< 5%), although a large proportion of cells harbored viral RNA (around 50%), whilst cell viability was preserved. HLA class I cell surface expression was downregulated in persistently infected cultures, but HLA class I mRNA levels were unchanged in comparison with mock-infected cells. The cytolytic activities of IL-2-activated non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and of NK cells were higher towards persistently infected cells than towards mock-infected cells, as assessed by an LDH release assay. Impaired cytolytic activity of IL-2-activated non-adherent PBMCs from patients with T1D towards infected beta cells was observed. In conclusion, pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 can be lysed by NK cells, implying that impaired cytolytic activity of these effector cells may play a role in the persistence of CV-B in the host and thus in the viral pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Lobert
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Université de Lille, INSERM U995, LIRIC-Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christine Hober
- Polyclinique, Service de Médecine Programmée, 62000, Henin-Beaumont, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Centre Paul Boulanger, Hôpital A Calmette, CHRU, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.
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Oncologic and visual outcomes after postoperative proton therapy of localized conjunctival melanomas. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:239. [PMID: 31881977 PMCID: PMC6935064 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction conjunctival melanomas have high local relapse rates. Oncologic and visual outcomes can be improved with proton therapy and no-touch surgery. Material and methods a monocentric retrospective study of consecutive patients treated with surgery and proton therapy for conjunctival melanoma was conducted. Proton therapy was performed to a total dose of 45 Grays physical dose delivered in eight fractions over two weeks. Results Ninety-two patients were included. The mean age was 63-year-old. 65.2% of patients had primary acquired melanosis. The mean tumor thickness and diameter was 2.5 mm and 7.0 mm respectively. The clinical stage was T1 in 71.6% of cases, with a quadrangular involvement of more than 90° in 69% of cases. Conjunctival melanomas were of epithelioid cell-type in 40% of cases. Mean follow-up was 4.7 years. Five-year local failure rate was 33.2%. Of 25 local recurrences, 14 were marginal/out-of-field, 4 in-field, others were undetermined. First surgery at expert center resulted in 24.3% of local failure at 5 years versus 38.7% if performed elsewhere (p = 0.41). Salvage exenteration was performed in 13 patients. Tumor stage and quadrangular involvement were significant factors for local failure. Five-year progression-free survival and cause-specific death rates were 61.5 and 3.6%. Stage and epithelioid type were associated with poorer progression-free survival. Trophic toxicity occurred in 22.9% of patients and was treated locally, with grafts in 7 patients. Glaucoma and cataract occurred in 13 and 22 patients respectively. Prognostic factors for visual deterioration were age, tumor extent (multifocality, quadrangular involvement > 180°) and cryotherapy. Conclusions 5-year local failure rate after postoperative proton therapy for conjunctival melanoma was of 33.2%. Radiation-induced complications were overall manageable.
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Nahon-Esteve S, Martel A, Maschi C, Caujolle JP, Baillif S, Lassalle S, Hofman P. The Molecular Pathology of Eye Tumors: A 2019 Update Main Interests for Routine Clinical Practice. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:632-664. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190726161044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen constant development of molecular
pathology for the care of patients with cancer. The information obtained from molecular
data has transformed our thinking about the biological diversity of cancers, particularly in
the field of ophthalmic oncology. It has reoriented the way in which therapeutic decisions
and decisions concerning patient surveillance are made, both in the area of pediatric
cancers, including rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma, and adult cancers, such as
uveal melanoma and lymphomas. A better definition of the molecular classification of
these cancers and of the different biological pathways involved is essential to the
understanding of both the pathologist and the onco-ophthalmologist. Molecular tests
based on targeted or expanded analysis of gene panels are now available. These tests
can be performed with tumor tissue or biofluids (especially blood) to predict the
prognosis of tumors and, above all, the benefit of targeted therapies, immunotherapy or
even chemotherapy. Looking for the BAP1 mutation in uveal melanoma is essential
because of the associated metastatic risk. When treating retinoblastoma, it is mandatory
to assess the heritable status of RB1. Conjunctival melanoma requires investigation into
the BRAF mutation in the case of a locally advanced tumor. The understanding of
genomic alterations, the results of molecular tests and/or other biological tests predictive
of a therapeutic response, but also of the limits of these tests with respect to the
available biological resources, represents a major challenge for optimal patient
management in ophthalmic oncology. In this review, we present the current state of
knowledge concerning the different molecular alterations and therapeutic targets of
interest in ophthalmic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Célia Maschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
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Yoo SH, Keam B, Ock CY, Kim S, Han B, Kim JW, Lee KW, Jeon YK, Jung KC, Chung EJ, Kwon SK, Ahn SH, Sung MW, Heo DS. Prognostic value of the association between MHC class I downregulation and PD-L1 upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7680. [PMID: 31118488 PMCID: PMC6531443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A total of 158 patients with HNSCC were evaluated retrospectively. The expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 was analyzed in tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry. The association between MHC class I/PD-L1 expression and clinical outcome was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Among 158 patients, 103 (65.2%) showed positive PD-L1 expression, and 20 (12.7%) showed no detectable expression of MHC class I. The frequency of PD-L1 positive expression with concomitant MHC class I loss was 7.0%. In the PD-L1-positive group, MHC class I loss was associated with a significantly worse survival compared with MHC class I positivity (median overall survival 39.3 months vs. not reached; P = 0.005), whereas MHC class I status provided no prognostic impact in the PD-L1 negative group. Neither PD-L1 nor MHC class I alone showed a significant difference in overall survival. The loss of MHC class I expression in PD-L1-positive HNSCC was associated with a poor clinical outcome. This suggested that MHC class I expression status might be useful for the prognosis of tumor progression in HNSCC when combined with PD-L1 expression status. External validation with enough numbers of participants in such subgroup should be needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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