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Yu N, Wu X, Zhang C, Qin Q, Gu Y, Ke W, Liu X, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Chen M, Wang K. NADPH and NAC synergistically inhibits chronic ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through regulating p38/MAPK pathway and peroxidation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116711. [PMID: 38735082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with retinal NAD/NADP and GSH decline. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NAD phosphate (NADP) and glutathione (GSH) are two redox reducers in neuronal and glial metabolism. However, therapeutic strategies targeting NAD/NADP or GSH do not exert ideal effects, and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. We assessed morphological changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the affected neurons in glaucoma, and Müller cells, the major glial cells in the retina, as well as the levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and Caspase-3 in glaucoma patients. We constructed a modified chronic ocular hypertensive rat model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. After applying NADPH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor to cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate in GSH biosynthesis, to cells, apoptosis, axonal damage and peroxidation were reduced in the RGCs of the NAC group and p-p38 levels were decreased in the RGCs of the NADPH group, while in stimulated Müller cells cultured individually or cocultured with RGCs, gliosis and p38/MAPK, rather than JNK/MAPK, activation were inhibited. The results were more synergistic in the rat model, where either NADPH or NAC showed crossover effects on inhibiting peroxidation and p38/MAPK pathway activation. Moreover, the combination of NADPH and NAC ameliorated RGC electrophysiological function and prevented Müller cell gliosis to the greatest extent. These data illustrated conjoined mechanisms in glaucomatous RGC injury and Müller cell gliosis and suggested that NADPH and NAC collaborate as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory combination treatment for glaucoma and other underlying human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiji Yu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qiyu Qin
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Weishaer Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinjiang 474 Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 841100, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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Cai HB, Zhao MY, Li XH, Li YQ, Yu TH, Wang CZ, Wang LN, Xu WY, Liang B, Cai YP, Zhang F, Hong WM. Single cell sequencing revealed the mechanism of CRYAB in glioma and its diagnostic and prognostic value. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1336187. [PMID: 38274814 PMCID: PMC10808695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We explored the characteristics of single-cell differentiation data in glioblastoma and established prognostic markers based on CRYAB to predict the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Aberrant expression of CRYAB is associated with invasive behavior in various tumors, including glioblastoma. However, the specific role and mechanisms of CRYAB in glioblastoma are still unclear. Methods We assessed RNA-seq and microarray data from TCGA and GEO databases, combined with scRNA-seq data on glioma patients from GEO. Utilizing the Seurat R package, we identified distinct survival-related gene clusters in the scRNA-seq data. Prognostic pivotal genes were discovered through single-factor Cox analysis, and a prognostic model was established using LASSO and stepwise regression algorithms. Moreover, we investigated the predictive potential of these genes in the immune microenvironment and their applicability in immunotherapy. Finally, in vitro experiments confirmed the functional significance of the high-risk gene CRYAB. Results By analyzing the ScRNA-seq data, we identified 28 cell clusters representing seven cell types. After dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis, we obtained four subpopulations within the oligodendrocyte lineage based on their differentiation trajectory. Using CRYAB as a marker gene for the terminal-stage subpopulation, we found that its expression was associated with poor prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knocking out CRYAB in U87 and LN229 cells reduced cell viability, proliferation, and invasiveness. Conclusion The risk model based on CRYAB holds promise in accurately predicting glioblastoma. A comprehensive study of the specific mechanisms of CRYAB in glioblastoma would contribute to understanding its response to immunotherapy. Targeting the CRYAB gene may be beneficial for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bao Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Han Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian-Hang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Yan Xu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Ping Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Open Project of Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Pereiro X, Ruzafa N, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Acera A, Ambrósio AF, Santiago AR, Vecino E. Müller glial cells located in the peripheral retina are more susceptible to high pressure: implications for glaucoma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:5. [PMID: 38183095 PMCID: PMC10770903 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the critical role of Müller glia (MG) in the context of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, particularly focusing on the influence of peripheral MG sensitivity to high pressure (HP). METHODS Co-cultures of porcine RGCs with MG were isolated from both the central and peripheral regions of pig retinas and subjected to both normal and HP conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of the MG-conditioned medium was conducted to identify the proteins released by MG under all conditions. RESULTS Peripheral MG were found to secrete a higher quantity of neuroprotective factors, effectively promoting RGC survival under normal physiological conditions. However, under HP conditions, co-cultures with peripheral MG exhibited impaired RGC survival. Moreover, under HP conditions, peripheral MG significantly upregulated the secretion of proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides robust evidence suggesting the involvement of MG in RGC death in glaucoma, thus paving the way for future therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Pereiro
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Noelia Ruzafa
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Santiago
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Vecino
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Lin D, Wu S, Cheng Y, Yan X, Liu Q, Ren T, Zhang J, Wang N. Early Proteomic Characteristics and Changes in the Optic Nerve Head, Optic Nerve, and Retina in a Rat Model of Ocular Hypertension. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100654. [PMID: 37793503 PMCID: PMC10665672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unknown. There are few studies on the dynamic change of tissue-specific and time-specific molecular pathophysiology caused by ocular hypertension (OHT). This study aimed to identify the early proteomic alterations in the retina, optic nerve head (ONH), and optic nerve (ON). After establishing a rat model of OHT, we harvested the tissues from control and glaucomatous eyes and analyzed the changes in protein expression using a multiplexed quantitative proteomics approach (TMT-MS3). Our study identified 6403 proteins after 1-day OHT and 4399 proteins after 7-days OHT in the retina, 5493 proteins after 1-day OHT and 4544 proteins after 7-days OHT in ONH, and 5455 proteins after 1-day OHT and 3835 proteins after 7-days OHT in the ON. Of these, 560 and 489 differential proteins were identified on day 1 and 7 after OHT in the retina, 428 and 761 differential proteins were identified on day 1 and 7 after OHT in the ONH, and 257 and 205 differential proteins on days 1 and 7 after OHT in the ON. Computational analysis on day 1 and 7 of OHT revealed that alpha-2 macroglobulin was upregulated across two time points and three tissues stably. The differentially expressed proteins between day 1 and 7 after OHT in the retina, ONH, and ON were associated with glutathione metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, microtubule, and crystallin. And the most significant change in retina are crystallins. We validated this proteomic result with the Western blot of crystallin proteins and found that upregulated on day 1 but recovered on day 7 after OHT, which are promising as therapeutic targets. These findings provide insights into the time- and region-order mechanisms that are specifically affected in the retina, ONH, and ON in response to elevated IOP during the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Lin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Gu Q, Kumar A, Hook M, Xu F, Bajpai AK, Starlard-Davenport A, Yue J, Jablonski MM, Lu L. Exploring Early-Stage Retinal Neurodegeneration in Murine Pigmentary Glaucoma: Insights From Gene Networks and miRNA Regulation Analyses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:25. [PMID: 37707836 PMCID: PMC10506683 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is a group of heterogeneous optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been understood completely. We aimed to elucidate the genetic network associated with the development of pigmentary glaucoma with DBA/2J (D2) mouse model of glaucoma and corresponding genetic control D2-Gpnmb (D2G) mice carrying the wild type (WT) Gpnmb allele. Methods Retinas isolated from 13 D2 and 12 D2G mice were subdivided into 2 age groups: pre-onset (1-6 months: samples were collected at approximately 1-2, 2-4, and 5-6 months) and post-onset (7-15 months: samples were collected at approximately 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 months) glaucoma were compared. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis and gene-set enrichment analyses were performed. To identify micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that target Gpnmb, miRNA expression levels were correlated with time point matched mRNA expression levels. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed using the reference BXD mouse population. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate Gpnmb and miRNA expression levels. Results A total of 314 and 86 DEGs were identified in the pre-onset and post-onset glaucoma groups, respectively. DEGs in the pre-onset glaucoma group were associated with the crystallin gene family, whereas those in the post-onset group were related to innate immune system response. Of 1329 miRNAs predicted to target Gpnmb, 3 miRNAs (miR-125a-3p, miR-3076-5p, and miR-214-5p) were selected. A total of 47 genes demonstrated overlapping with the identified DEGs between D2 and D2G, segregated into their time-relevant stages. Gpnmb was significantly downregulated, whereas 2 out of 3 miRNAs were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in D2 mice at both 3-and 10-month time points. Conclusions These findings suggest distinct gene-sets involved in pre-and post-glaucoma in the D2 mouse. We identified three miRNAs regulating Gpnmb in the development of murine pigmentary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Monica M. Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Yamamoto T, Kase S, Shinkai A, Murata M, Kikuchi K, Wu D, Kageyama Y, Shinohara M, Sasase T, Ishida S. Phosphorylation of αB-Crystallin Involves Interleukin-1β-Mediated Intracellular Retention in Retinal Müller Cells: A New Mechanism Underlying Fibrovascular Membrane Formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:20. [PMID: 37459063 PMCID: PMC10362920 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in which biological alterations of retinal glial cells are one of the key elements. The phosphorylation of αB-crystallin/CRYAB modulates its molecular dynamics and chaperone activity, and attenuates αB-crystallin secretion via exosomes. In this study, we investigated the effect of phosphorylated αB-crystallin in retinal Müller cells on diabetic mimicking conditions, including interleukin (IL)-1β stimuli. Methods Human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1) were used to examine gene and protein expressions with real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoblot analyses. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Caspase-3/7 assay and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Retinal tissues isolated from the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a type 2 diabetic animal model with obesity, and fibrovascular membranes from patients with PDR were examined by double-staining immunofluorescence. Results CRYAB mRNA was downregulated in MIO-M1 cells with the addition of 10 ng/mL IL-1β; however, intracellular αB-crystallin protein levels were maintained. The αB-crystallin serine 59 (Ser59) residue was phosphorylated with IL-1β application in MIO-M1 cells. Cell apoptosis in MIO-M1 cells was induced by CRYAB knockdown. Immunoreactivity for Ser59-phosphorylated αB-crystallin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was colocalized in glial cells of SDT fatty rats and fibrovascular membranes. Conclusions The Ser59 phosphorylation of αB-crystallin was modulated by IL-1β in Müller cells under diabetic mimicking inflammatory conditions, suggesting that αB-crystallin contributes to the pathogenesis of PDR through an anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Satoru Kase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shinkai
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kasumi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Astrocyte Immune Functions and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032747. [PMID: 36769067 PMCID: PMC9916878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, a non-neuronal glial cell type in the nervous system, are essential for regulating physiological functions of the central nervous system. In various injuries and diseases of the central nervous system, astrocytes often change their phenotypes into neurotoxic ones that participate in pro-inflammatory responses (hereafter referred to as "immune functions"). Such astrocytic immune functions are not only limited to brain diseases but are also found in ocular neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, a retinal neurodegenerative disease that is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. The eye has two astrocyte-lineage cells: astrocytes and Müller cells. They maintain the physiological environment of the retina and optic nerve, thereby controlling visual function. Dysfunction of astrocyte-lineage cells may be involved in the onset and progression of glaucoma. These cells become reactive in glaucoma patients, and animal studies have suggested that their immune responses may be linked to glaucoma-related events: tissue remodeling, neuronal death, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune functions of astrocyte-lineage cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Prokosch V, Li P, Shi X. Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Disease. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:125-129. [PMID: 36265500 DOI: 10.1055/a-1965-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible loss of vision through degeneration of the retinal ganglia cells (RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for the occurrence and development of this disease. Treatment is largely based on reducing internal optical pressure. However, some patients may deteriorate or become blind, despite normal or reduced internal optical pressure. The pathophysiological details are still unclear. Neuroinflammatory processes are also apparently an additional cause. In principle, innate or local responses of the adaptive immune system can be distinguished. The reaction of the innate immune system, particularly the local microglial cells, has long been studied. The macroglia with the astrocytes and Müller cells and their homeostatic effects have also long been known. On the other hand, it has long been thought that the retina with its RGZs was inert to adaptive immunological reactions - due to the function of the blood brain barrier. However, this system may be disturbed by antigen presentation, leading to a reaction of the adaptive immune system, with B cell and T cell responses. In this context, the key proteins are presumably heat shock proteins. We now know that neuroinflammation is important in glaucoma, as in other neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to increase our understanding of these phenomena. In this review article, we present our current knowledge of the role of the micro- and macroglia, the adaptive immune system, and the heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
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