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Rahman M, Bruza P, Hachadorian R, Alexander D, Cao X, Zhang R, Gladstone DJ, Pogue BW. Optimization of in vivo Cherenkov imaging dosimetry via spectral choices for ambient background lights and filtering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210195RR. [PMID: 34643072 PMCID: PMC8510878 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The Cherenkov emission spectrum overlaps with that of ambient room light sources. Choice of room lighting devices dramatically affects the efficient detection of Cherenkov emission during patient treatment. AIM To determine optimal room light sources allowing Cherenkov emission imaging in normally lit radiotherapy treatment delivery rooms. APPROACH A variety of commercial light sources and long-pass (LP) filters were surveyed for spectral band separation from the red to near-infrared Cherenkov light emitted by tissue. Their effects on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Cherenkov to background signal ratio, and image artifacts were quantified by imaging irradiated tissue equivalent phantoms with an intensified time-gated CMOS camera. RESULTS Because Cherenkov emission from tissue lies largely in the near-infrared spectrum, a controlled choice of ambient light that avoids this spectral band is ideal, along with a camera that is maximally sensitive to it. An RGB LED light source produced the best SNR out of all sources that mimic room light temperature. A 675-nm LP filter on the camera input further reduced ambient light detected (optical density > 3), achieving maximal SNR for Cherenkov emission near 40. Reduction of the room light signal reduced artifacts from specular reflection on the tissue surface and also minimized spurious Cherenkov signals from non-tissue features such as bolus. CONCLUSIONS LP filtering during image acquisition for near-infrared light in tandem with narrow band LED illuminated rooms improves image quality, trading off the loss of red wavelengths for better removal of room light in the image. This spectral filtering is also critically important to remove specular reflection in the images and allow for imaging of Cherenkov emission through clear bolus. Beyond time-gated external beam therapy systems, the spectral separation methods can be utilized for background removal for continuous treatment delivery methods including proton pencil beam scanning systems and brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Petr Bruza
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Rachael Hachadorian
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Daniel Alexander
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Xu Cao
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - David J. Gladstone
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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Mc Larney B, Skubal M, Grimm J. A review of recent and emerging approaches for the clinical application of Cerenkov luminescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 9:684196. [PMID: 36845872 PMCID: PMC9957555 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.684196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is a blue-weighted emission of light produced by a vast array of clinically approved radioisotopes and LINAC accelerators. When β particles (emitted during the decay of radioisotopes) are present in a medium such as water or tissue, they are able to travel faster than the speed of light in that medium and in doing so polarize the molecules around them. Once the particle has left the local area, the polarized molecules relax and return to their baseline state releasing the additional energy as light (luminescence). This blue glow has commonly been used to determine the output of nuclear power plant cores and, in recent years, has found traction in the preclinical and clinical imaging field. This brief review will discuss the technology which has enabled the emergence of the biomedical Cerenkov imaging field, recent pre-clinical studies with potential clinical translation of Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) and the current clinical implementations of the method. Finally, an outlook is given as to the direction in which the field is heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mc Larney
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Reichstein DA, Brock AL. Radiation therapy for uveal melanoma: a review of treatment methods available in 2021. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:183-190. [PMID: 33770014 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Radiation therapy has become the standard of care for the treatment of uveal melanoma. We intend to outline the current radiation therapy methods that are employed to treat uveal melanoma. We will outline their relative benefits over one another. We will also provide some background about radiation therapy in general to accustom the ophthalmologists likely reading this review. RECENT FINDINGS Four main options exist for radiation therapy of uveal melanoma. Because the eye is a small space, and because melanomas are relatively radioresistant, oncologists treating uveal melanoma must deliver highly focused doses in high amounts to a small space. Therapies incorporating external beams include proton beam therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery comes in two forms, gamma knife therapy and cyberknife therapy. Radiation may also be placed directly on the eye surgically via plaque brachytherapy. All methods have been used effectively to treat uveal melanoma. SUMMARY Each particular radiotherapy technique employed to treat uveal melanoma has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. The ocular oncologist can choose amongst these therapies based upon his or her clinical judgment of the relative risks and benefits. Availability of the therapy and cost to the patient remain significant factors in the ocular oncologist's choice.
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