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Jorssen J, Van Hulst G, Mollers K, Pujol J, Petrellis G, Baptista AP, Schetters S, Baron F, Caers J, Lambrecht BN, Dewals BG, Bureau F, Desmet CJ. Single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics capture eosinophil development and identify the role of IL-5 in their lineage transit amplification. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00232-2. [PMID: 38776917 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The activities, ontogeny, and mechanisms of lineage expansion of eosinophils are less well resolved than those of other immune cells, despite the use of biological therapies targeting the eosinophilia-promoting cytokine interleukin (IL)-5 or its receptor, IL-5Rα. We combined single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics and generated transgenic IL-5Rα reporter mice to revisit eosinophilopoiesis. We reconciled human and murine eosinophilopoiesis and provided extensive cell-surface immunophenotyping and transcriptomes at different stages along the continuum of eosinophil maturation. We used these resources to show that IL-5 promoted eosinophil-lineage expansion via transit amplification, while its deletion or neutralization did not compromise eosinophil maturation. Informed from our resources, we also showed that interferon response factor-8, considered an essential promoter of myelopoiesis, was not intrinsically required for eosinophilopoiesis. This work hence provides resources, methods, and insights for understanding eosinophil ontogeny, the effects of current precision therapeutics, and the regulation of eosinophil development and numbers in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jorssen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Hulst
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Kiréna Mollers
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Julien Pujol
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Georgios Petrellis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH Institute, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Antonio P Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd Schetters
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Haematology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Liege University Hospital Centre, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Haematology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Liege University Hospital Centre, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH Institute, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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2
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Fouka E, Drakopanagiotakis F, Steiropoulos P. Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Manifestations in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Goodpasture Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5278. [PMID: 38791316 PMCID: PMC11121030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary manifestations of vasculitis are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. They result from a complex interplay between immune dysregulation, which leads to vascular inflammation and tissue damage. This review explored the underlying pathogenesis of pulmonary involvement in vasculitis, encompassing various forms such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and anti-GBM disease. Mechanisms involving ANCA and anti-GBM autoantibodies, neutrophil activation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) formation are discussed, along with the role of the complement system in inducing pulmonary injury. Furthermore, the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental factors on disease susceptibility and severity was considered, and the current treatment options were presented. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculitis is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving clinical outcomes in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Fouka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Fotios Drakopanagiotakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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3
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Watanabe R, Hashimoto M. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Latest Findings and Updated Treatment Recommendations. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5996. [PMID: 37762936 PMCID: PMC10532073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) causes necrotizing vasculitis and eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation in small- to medium-sized vessels, resulting in multiple organ damage. EGPA is classified as an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, with myeloperoxidase-ANCA detected in approximately one-third of the patients. Conventional treatment of EGPA relies on systemic glucocorticoids (GCs) in combination with cyclophosphamide when poor prognostic factors are present; however, the dilemma between disease control and drug-related adverse effects has long been a challenge. Recent studies have revealed that the genetic background, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations differ between ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative patients; however, mepolizumab, an interleukin (IL)-5 inhibitor, is effective in both groups, suggesting that the IL-5-eosinophil axis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of both ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative EGPA. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the pathophysiology of EGPA and focuses on the roles of eosinophils and ANCA. We then introduce the current treatment recommendations and accumulated evidence for mepolizumab on EGPA. Based on current unmet clinical needs, we discuss potential future therapeutic strategies for EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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4
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Qiu H, Ni C, Jia C, Rong X, Chu M, Wu R, Han B. CircRNA7632 down-regulation alleviates endothelial cell dysfunction in Kawasaki disease via regulating IL-33 expression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:363-374. [PMID: 37166618 PMCID: PMC10352195 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of idiopathic vasculitis frequently accompanied by coronary artery lesions, which involves endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in many cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have examined the role of circRNAs on endothelial dysfunction in KD. In this study, we investigated the role of circ7632 on endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in KD and then explored the underlying mechanism. Children diagnosed with KD and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Sera samples were collected. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained and incubated with 15% HC and KD serum for 48 h. The mRNA and protein expression of mesenchymal markers vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and endothelial marker zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in HUVECs transfected with plasmid-circ7632 and si-circ7632 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. CCK8, scratch test, and migration test were performed to examine the effect of circ7632 on the cell proliferation and migration. The circ7632 level was higher in HUVECs treated by KD serum than in HUVECs treated with HC serum. Overexpression of circ7632 significantly increased vimentin and α-SMA expression, decreased ZO-1 expression, and also decreased cell proliferation. Down-regulation of circ7632 expression got the opposite results. RNA-seq analysis, and confirmatory experiment displayed that down-regulation of circ7632 decreased IL-33 expression, and IL-33 silencing mitigated KD serum-mediated EndoMT. Our study revealed that circ7632 level was elevated in KD serum-treated HUVECs. Circ7632 down-regulation could alleviate EndoMT likely through decreasing IL-33 expression. The circ7632 may become a potential therapeutic target for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chao Ni
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chang Jia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xing Rong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bo Han
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Masumoto N, Oshikata C, Nakadegawa R, Motobayashi Y, Osada R, Manabe S, Kaneko T, Tsurikisawa N. Long-term mepolizumab treatment reduces relapse rates in super-responders with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:40. [PMID: 37179316 PMCID: PMC10182616 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mainstay of treatment for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is systemic corticosteroid therapy; some patients also receive intravenous immunoglobulins, other immunosuppressive agents, and biologics. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, induces remission and decreases the daily corticosteroid dose; however, the clinical efficacy of mepolizumab in EGPA and the prognosis with long-term treatment with this drug are unknown. METHODS Seventy-one EGPA patients were treated at Hiratsuka City Hospital, Japan, between April 2018 and March 2022. We administered mepolizumab for a mean of 2.8 ± 1.7 years to 43 patients in whom remission could not be induced by conventional treatment. After excluding 18 patients who had received mepolizumab for less than 3 years, we classified 15 patients into a "super-responder group" (the daily dose of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant could be decreased, or the interval between IVIG treatments could be prolonged) and 10 patients into a "responder group" (neither of these changes was achievable). Eosinophil numbers, serum IgG levels, daily doses of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and relapse frequency before and after mepolizumab initiation were determined. RESULTS Blood eosinophil count at diagnosis and the lowest serum IgG level before mepolizumab treatment were significantly higher in super-responders than in responders (p < 0.05). In super-responders, the prednisolone dose at last visit on mepolizumab treatment was lower than that before treatment (p < 0.01) and lower than that at last visit in the responders (p < 0.01). In both groups, peripheral blood eosinophil numbers and BVAS were lower after starting mepolizumab than before (p < 0.01). BVAS before mepolizumab (p < 0.05) and at last visit (p < 0.01) were lower in super-responders than in responders. Relapse rates every year after the start of mepolizumab were lower in super-responders than in responder groups (p < 0.01). In super-responders, relapse rates were lower during the 3 years following mepolizumab initiation (p < 0.01) and at last visit (p < 0.01) were significantly lower than after 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSION Mepolizumab treatment of super-responders sustainably reduced the relapse rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Masumoto
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chiyako Oshikata
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Respirology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0065, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakadegawa
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Yuto Motobayashi
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Reeko Osada
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Saki Manabe
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsurikisawa
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan.
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Allergy and Respirology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0065, Japan.
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6
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Emmi G, Bettiol A, Gelain E, Bajema IM, Berti A, Burns S, Cid MC, Cohen Tervaert JW, Cottin V, Durante E, Holle JU, Mahr AD, Del Pero MM, Marvisi C, Mills J, Moiseev S, Moosig F, Mukhtyar C, Neumann T, Olivotto I, Salvarani C, Seeliger B, Sinico RA, Taillé C, Terrier B, Venhoff N, Bertsias G, Guillevin L, Jayne DRW, Vaglio A. Evidence-Based Guideline for the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:378-393. [PMID: 37161084 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, characterized by asthma, eosinophilia and granulomatous or vasculitic involvement of several organs. The diagnosis and management of EGPA are often challenging and require an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Current practice relies on recommendations and guidelines addressing the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis and not specifically developed for EGPA. Here, we present evidence-based, cross-discipline guidelines for the diagnosis and management of EGPA that reflect the substantial advances that have been made in the past few years in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical subphenotypes and differential diagnosis of the disease, as well as the availability of new treatment options. Developed by a panel of European experts on the basis of literature reviews and, where appropriate, expert opinion, the 16 statements and five overarching principles cover the diagnosis and staging, treatment, outcome and follow-up of EGPA. These recommendations are primarily intended to be used by healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory authorities, to guide clinical practice and decision-making in EGPA. These guidelines are not intended to limit access to medications by healthcare agencies, nor to impose a fixed order on medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Gelain
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Ingeborg M Bajema
- Department of Pathology, Groningen University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alvise Berti
- Rheumatology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stella Burns
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria C Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan W Cohen Tervaert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, University of Lyon, IVPC, INRAE, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | - Eugenia Durante
- APACS, Associazione Pazienti con Sindrome di Churg Strauss, Arosio, Italy
| | - Julia U Holle
- Rheumazentrum Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster/Kiel, Germany
| | - Alfred D Mahr
- Department of Rheumatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Martinez Del Pero
- Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- ENT Department, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Chiara Marvisi
- Rheumatology Unit, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Disease, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank Moosig
- Rheumazentrum Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster/Kiel, Germany
| | - Chetan Mukhtyar
- Vasculitis Service, Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Meyer Children Hospital and Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and German Centre of Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Renato A Sinico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Renal Unit, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Camille Taillé
- Reference center for rare respiratory diseases, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP-Nord, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - George Bertsias
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Crete School of Medicine, Iraklio, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity-Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Loïc Guillevin
- National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - David R W Jayne
- University of Cambridge, Box 118, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Pagnoux C, Berti A. Advances in the pharmacotherapeutic management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1269-1281. [PMID: 37204027 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2216379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare but potentially lethal systemic vasculitis. Only a few prospective therapeutic trials had been conducted in EGPA, and its treatment was mostly adapted from other vasculitides. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting various pathways (e.g. interleukin-5 [IL5] or B cells) have been investigated. AREAS COVERED Published studies on treatments for EGPA using glucocorticoids, conventional immunosuppressants (such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine), antiIL5 pathway agents (mepolizumab, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for EGPA; benralizumab and reslizumab), other and future possible treatments [PubMed search, 01/1990-02/2023] are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION With advances made in the pharmacotherapeutic management of EGPA, the prognosis has gradually shifted from a potentially fatal to a more chronic course, for which more targeted and safer treatments can be used. However, glucocorticoids remain central. Rituximab is now a possible alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction, although data are still limited. AntiIL5 pathway therapies have been shown to be safe and effective in relapsing patients with EGPA, who often experience asthma and/or ears, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations, but long-term data are needed. Treatment strategies need to be optimized based on individual patient characteristics, likely with sequential, combination-based approaches, while topical airway treatments should not be forgotten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pagnoux
- Vasculitis Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian Vasculitis research network (CanVasc), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvise Berti
- Center for Medical Sciences (CISMed) and Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, APSS, Italy
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8
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Caminati M, Maule M, Bello F, Emmi G. Biologics for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:36-43. [PMID: 36413432 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The link between severe asthma and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in terms of pathophysiological background, clinical manifestations and disease evolution has leaded to investigate the relevance of anti T2 monoclonal antibodies licensed for severe asthma patients as a treatment option for EGPA. The present review aimed to provide un update on EGPA pathophysiology and to critically summarize the most robust evidence coming from trials and real-life setting on the use of anti T2 biologics in EGPA patients. RECENT FINDINGS Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, is the only biologic drug targeting eosinophilic inflammation currently approved for EGPA treatment at the dose of 300 mg/4 weeks. Its use is restricted by the American College of Rheumatology guidelines to specific diseases phases and severity grades. However the most appropriate mepolizumab positioning and dose is still under investigation in the real life practice, which is providing an increasing amount of evidence confirming its efficacy, alone or in combination with other options in different disease stages. The relevance of other monoclonal antibodies interfering with T2 inflammation, including omalizumab and benralizumab, is under investigation but the evidence is still scarce. SUMMARY Taking into account the suboptimal medium-long term safety profile of conventional EGPA treatments, the opportunity of selectively targeting eosinophilic inflammation certainly represents a revolutionary approach. However, further real-word evidence is required to effectively position the new treatments in the light of the disease complexity, including different immunological drivers, and individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Allergy, Asthma, Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona
| | - Matteo Maule
- Allergy, Asthma, Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona
| | - Federica Bello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Covarel L, Pina H, Martin P, Lellig E, Staentzel J, Groshaeny L, Moulinet T, Rumeau C, Pontille F, Campoli P, Vaillant P, Tiotiu A. Challenging diagnosis of granulomatosis after switching mepolizumab by dupilumab for severe asthma. Respir Med Res 2022; 83:100959. [PMID: 36563548 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Covarel
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Heloise Pina
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Martin
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Robert Schuman, Metz, France
| | - Elodie Lellig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Jean Staentzel
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Groshaeny
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Moulinet
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Cecile Rumeau
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Pontille
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Campoli
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Vaillant
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France; EA 3450 DevAH, Development, Adaptation, Cardio-Respiratory Regulations and Motor Control, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Pulmonary Fibrosis and Hypereosinophilia in TLR9-/- Mice Infected by Cryptococcus gattii. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090987. [PMID: 36145419 PMCID: PMC9505093 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is a worldwide-distributed basidiomycetous yeast that can infect immunocompetent hosts. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the disease. The innate immune response is essential to the control of infections by microorganisms. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune receptor, classically described as a non-methylated DNA recognizer and associated with bacteria, protozoa and opportunistic mycosis infection models. Previously, our group showed that TLR9-/- mice were more susceptible to C. gattii after 21 days of infection. However, some questions about the innate immunity involving TLR9 response against C. gattii remain unknown. In order to investigate the systemic cryptococcal infection, we evaluated C57BL/6 mice and C57BL/6 TLR9-/- after intratracheal infection with 104C. gattii yeasts for 21 days. Our data evidenced that TLR9-/- was more susceptible to C. gattii. TLR9-/- mice had hypereosinophilia in pulmonary mixed cellular infiltrate, severe bronchiolitis and vasculitis and type 2 alveolar cell hyperplasia. In addition, TLR9-/- mice developed severe pulmonary fibrosis and areas with strongly birefringent fibers. Together, our results corroborate the hypothesis that TLR9 is important to support the Th1/Th17 response against C. gattii infection in the murine experimental model.
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Danieli MG, Antonelli E, Piga MA, Claudi I, Palmeri D, Tonacci A, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Alarmins in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103142. [PMID: 35853572 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous, constitutively expressed, chemotacting and immune activating proteins or peptides released because of non-programmed cell death (i.e. infections, trauma, etc). They are considered endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), able to induce a sterile inflammation. In the last years, several studies highlighted a possible role of different alarmins in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. We reviewed the relevant literature about this topic, for about 160 articles. Particularly, we focused on systemic autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ANCA-associated vasculitides, Behçet's disease) and cutaneous organ-specific autoimmune diseases (vitiligo, psoriasis, alopecia, pemphigo). Finally, we discussed about future perspectives and potential therapeutic implications of alarmins in autoimmune diseases. In fact, identification of receptors and downstream signal transducers of alarmins may lead to the identification of antagonistic inhibitors and agonists, with the capacity to modulate alarmins-related pathways and potential therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Danieli
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy; Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Antonelli
- PostGraduate School of Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mario Andrea Piga
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Claudi
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Davide Palmeri
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Animal models of vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2022; 34:10-17. [PMID: 34783711 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vasculitis describes a wide spectrum of rare, inflammatory, multisystem disorders. These heterogenous diseases all have inflammation of blood vessels as a central feature. However, they differ in terms of their genetic and environmental risk factors, disease pathogenesis, clinical presentations and treatment strategies. Many animal models of vasculitis exist, each resembling a different human clinical phenotype. This review provides an overview of recently published findings from experimental animal models of vasculitis. RECENT FINDINGS Several new animal models have been described during the review period. New insights gleaned from existing animal models regarding cause, disease effector mechanisms and novel treatments identified in established animal models are discussed. SUMMARY Animal models continue to be an important tool for understanding disease pathogenesis, especially in rare and complex diseases such as vasculitis. They also provide an invaluable platform for development and preclinical testing of new treatments.
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