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Bae JE, Jang S, Kim JB, Hyung H, Park NY, Kim YH, Kim SH, Kim SH, Ha JM, Oh GS, Park K, Jeong K, Jang JS, Jo DS, Kim P, Lee HS, Ryoo ZY, Cho DH. Enhanced primary ciliogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative stress activates AKT to prevent neurotoxicity in HSPA9/mortalin-depleted SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Brain 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 37170364 PMCID: PMC10176837 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure on the cell surface, acts as a mechanical and chemical sensory organelle. Primary cilia play critical roles in sensing the extracellular environment to coordinate various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Here, we showed that the depletion of heat shock protein family A member 9 (HSPA9)/mortalin stimulates primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. The downregulation of HSPA9 enhances mitochondrial stress by increasing mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. Notably, the inhibition of either mtROS production or mitochondrial fission significantly suppressed the increase in primary ciliogenesis in HSPA9-depleted cells. In addition, enhanced primary ciliogenesis contributed to cell survival by activating AKT in SH-SY5Y cells. The abrogation of ciliogenesis through the depletion of IFT88 potentiated neurotoxicity in HSPA9-knockdown cells. Furthermore, both caspase-3 activation and cell death were increased by MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, in HSPA9-depleted cells. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced primary ciliogenesis plays an important role in preventing neurotoxicity caused by the loss of HSPA9 in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Min Ha
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Seok Oh
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seon Jang
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Bio Campus of Korea Polytechnic, Nonsan, Chungcheongnamdo, 32943, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Seidel F, Laser KT, Klingel K, Dartsch J, Theisen S, Pickardt T, Holtgrewe M, Gärtner A, Berger F, Beule D, Milting H, Schubert S, Klaassen S, Kühnisch J. Pathogenic Variants in Cardiomyopathy Disorder Genes Underlie Pediatric Myocarditis—Further Impact of Heterozygous Immune Disorder Gene Variants? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070216. [PMID: 35877578 PMCID: PMC9321514 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart. Pediatric myocarditis with the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype may be caused by likely pathogenic or pathogenic genetic variants [(L)P] in cardiomyopathy (CMP) genes. Systematic analysis of immune disorder gene defects has not been performed so far. We analyzed 12 patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis and the DCM phenotype together with their parents using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The WES data were filtered for rare pathogenic variants in CMP (n = 89) and immune disorder genes (n = 631). Twelve children with a median age of 2.9 (1.0–6.8) years had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 28% (22–32%) and myocarditis was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. Patients with primary immunodeficiency were excluded from the study. Four patients underwent implantation of a ventricular assist device and subsequent heart transplantation. Genetic analysis of the 12 families revealed an (L)P variant in the CMP gene in 8/12 index patients explaining DCM. Screening of recessive immune disorder genes identified a heterozygous (L)P variant in 3/12 index patients. This study supports the genetic impact of CMP genes for pediatric myocarditis with the DCM phenotype. Piloting the idea that additional immune-related genetic defects promote myocarditis suggests that the presence of heterozygous variants in these genes needs further investigation. Altered cilium function might play an additional role in inducing inflammation in the context of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Seidel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Thorsten Laser
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Clinic of Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Josephine Dartsch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Theisen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Manuel Holtgrewe
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Core Facility Bioinformatik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Stephan Schubert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Clinic of Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-30-9406-3319 (S.K. & J.K.); Fax: +49-30-9406-3358 (S.K. & J.K.)
| | - Jirko Kühnisch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-30-9406-3319 (S.K. & J.K.); Fax: +49-30-9406-3358 (S.K. & J.K.)
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4
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Zhao Y, Wang LK, Eskin A, Kang X, Fajardo VM, Mehta Z, Pineles S, Schmidt RJ, Nagiel A, Satou G, Garg M, Federman M, Reardon LC, Lee SL, Biniwale R, Grody WW, Halnon N, Khanlou N, Quintero-Rivera F, Alejos JC, Nakano A, Fishbein GA, Van Arsdell GS, Nelson SF, Touma M. Recessive ciliopathy mutations in primary endocardial fibroelastosis: a rare neonatal cardiomyopathy in a case of Alstrom syndrome. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1623-1638. [PMID: 34387706 PMCID: PMC8541947 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Among neonatal cardiomyopathies, primary endocardial fibroelastosis (pEFE) remains a mysterious disease of the endomyocardium that is poorly genetically characterized, affecting 1/5000 live births and accounting for 25% of the entire pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a devastating course and grave prognosis. To investigate the potential genetic contribution to pEFE, we performed integrative genomic analysis, using whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq in a female infant with confirmed pathological diagnosis of pEFE. Within regions of homozygosity in the proband genome, WES analysis revealed novel parent-transmitted homozygous mutations affecting three genes with known roles in cilia assembly or function. Among them, a novel homozygous variant [c.1943delA] of uncertain significance in ALMS1 was prioritized for functional genomic and mechanistic analysis. Loss of function mutations of ALMS1 have been implicated in Alstrom syndrome (AS) [OMIM 203800], a rare recessive ciliopathy that has been associated with cardiomyopathy. The variant of interest results in a frameshift introducing a premature stop codon. RNA-seq of the proband’s dermal fibroblasts confirmed the impact of the novel ALMS1 variant on RNA-seq reads and revealed dysregulated cellular signaling and function, including the induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of TGFβ signaling. ALMS1 loss enhanced cellular migration in patient fibroblasts as well as neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, while ALMS1-depleted cardiomyocytes exhibited enhanced proliferation activity. Herein, we present the unique pathological features of pEFE compared to DCM and utilize integrated genomic analysis to elucidate the molecular impact of a novel mutation in ALMS1 gene in an AS case. Our report provides insights into pEFE etiology and suggests, for the first time to our knowledge, ciliopathy as a potential underlying mechanism for this poorly understood and incurable form of neonatal cardiomyopathy. Key message Primary endocardial fibroelastosis (pEFE) is a rare form of neonatal cardiomyopathy that occurs in 1/5000 live births with significant consequences but unknown etiology. Integrated genomics analysis (whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing) elucidates novel genetic contribution to pEFE etiology. In this case, the cardiac manifestation in Alstrom syndrome is pEFE. To our knowledge, this report provides the first evidence linking ciliopathy to pEFE etiology. Infants with pEFE should be examined for syndromic features of Alstrom syndrome. Our findings lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pEFE, paving the way to potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02112-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee-Kai Wang
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ascia Eskin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Viviana M Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zubin Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Pineles
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary Satou
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Meena Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Myke Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Leigh C Reardon
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Reshma Biniwale
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wayne W Grody
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Halnon
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Negar Khanlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, CA, Irvine, USA
| | - Juan C Alejos
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glen S Van Arsdell
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA.,Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, 3762 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Dr S, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, USA. .,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,The Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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