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Dreessen J, Ren X, Gardner D, Green K, Stratton P, Sullivan JT, Delgado R, Dickerson RR, Woodman M, Berkoff T, Gronoff G, Ring A. VOC and trace gas measurements and ozone chemistry over the Chesapeake Bay during OWLETS-2, 2018. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:178-199. [PMID: 36251984 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2136782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study, 2018 (OWLETS-2) measured total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHC) and EPA PAMS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on an island site in the northern Chesapeake Bay 2.1 and 3.4 times greater in concentration, respectively, than simultaneous measurements at a land site just 13 km away across the land-water interface. Many PAMS VOCs had larger concentrations at the island site despite lower NEI emissions over the water, but most of the difference comprised species generally consistent with gasoline vapor or exhaust. Sharp chemical differences were observed between the island and mainland and the immediate air ~300 m above the water surface observed by airplane. Ozone formation potential over land was driven by propene and isoprene but toluene and hexane were dominant over the water with little isoprene observed. VOC concentrations over the water were noted to increase diurnally with an inverse pattern to land resulting in increasing NOx sensitivity over the water. Total reactive nitrogen was lower over the water than the nearby land site, but reservoir compounds (NOz) were greater. Ozone production rates were generally slow (~5 ppb hr-1) both at the surface and aloft over the water, even during periods of high ozone (>70 ppbv) at the water surface. However, specific events showed rapid ozone production >40 ppb hr-1 at the water's surface during situations with high VOCs and sufficient NOx. VOC and photochemistry patterns at the island site were driven by marine sources south of the island, implicating marine traffic, and indicate ozone abatement strategies over land may not be similarly applicable to ozone over the water.Implications: Measured chemical properties and patterns driven primarily by marine traffic sources over water during ozone conducive conditions were starkly different to immediately adjacent land sites, implying ozone abatement strategies over land may not be similarly applicable to ozone over the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dreessen
- Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ren
- NOAA, Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Gardner
- Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruben Delgado
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tim Berkoff
- NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Guillaume Gronoff
- NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Application Inc (SSAI), Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Allison Ring
- University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
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Naidenova I, Parshakov P, Suvorov S. Air pollution and individual productivity: Evidence from the Ironman Triathlon results. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 47:101159. [PMID: 35940024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study considers how air quality affects the productivity of physically intensive labor. Namely, we analyze the athletes of the Ironman Triathlon, one of the toughest long-distance triathlon races in the world. Moreover, in this competition, both men and women, professional and amateur athletes, can participate. We consider the results of Ironman Triathlon from 2005 to 2019. Using athlete's finishing time as a dependent variable, we estimate the impact of concentrations of two main air pollutants, O3 and PM2.5. We found triathletes performance decrements in swimming due to high ozone concentration and in bicycle riding and running due to high level of PM2.5. We have also found that professional athletes are less sensitive to air pollution, whereas there is almost no gender difference in the impact of air pollution on athletes' productivity.
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3
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Tao M, Fiore AM, Jin X, Schiferl LD, Commane R, Judd LM, Janz S, Sullivan JT, Miller PJ, Karambelas A, Davis S, Tzortziou M, Valin L, Whitehill A, Civerolo K, Tian Y. Investigating Changes in Ozone Formation Chemistry during Summertime Pollution Events over the Northeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15312-15327. [PMID: 36219092 PMCID: PMC9670856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the local-scale spatial and temporal variability of ozone formation is crucial for effective mitigation. We combine tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDTrop) of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), referred to as HCHO-VCDTrop and NO2-VCDTrop, retrieved from airborne remote sensing and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with ground-based measurements to investigate changes in ozone precursors and the inferred chemical production regime on high-ozone days in May-August 2018 over two Northeast urban domains. Over New York City (NYC) and Baltimore/Washington D.C. (BAL/DC), HCHO-VCDTrop increases across the domain, but higher NO2-VCDTrop occurs mainly in urban centers on ozone exceedance days (when maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone exceeds 70 ppb at any monitor in the region). The ratio of HCHO-VCDTrop to NO2-VCDTrop, proposed as an indicator of the sensitivity of local surface ozone production rates to its precursors, generally increases on ozone exceedance days, implying a transition toward a more NOx-sensitive ozone production regime that should lead to higher efficacy of NOx controls on the highest ozone days in NYC and BAL/DC. Warmer temperatures and enhanced influence from emissions in the local boundary layer on the high-ozone days are accompanied by slower wind speeds in BAL/DC but stronger, southwesterly winds in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madankui Tao
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Xiaomeng Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Luke D. Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
| | - Róisín Commane
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York10027, United
States
| | - Laura M. Judd
- NASA
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia23681, United States
| | - Scott Janz
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland20771, United States
| | - John T. Sullivan
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland20771, United States
| | - Paul J. Miller
- Northeast
States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, Massachusetts02111, United States
| | - Alexandra Karambelas
- Northeast
States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, Massachusetts02111, United States
| | - Sharon Davis
- New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, New Jersey08625, United States
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- The
City College of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
| | - Lukas Valin
- US
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Andrew Whitehill
- US
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Kevin Civerolo
- New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York12233, United States
| | - Yuhong Tian
- New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York12233, United States
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4
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The Dynamical Role of the Chesapeake Bay on the Local Ozone Pollution Using Mesoscale Modeling—A Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic influence of the Chesapeake Bay (CB) on local ozone (O3) concentration and distribution using a weather forecasting model. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF–Chem) was employed to simulate O3 production and transportation near the CB. Baseline (water) as well as sensitivity (nowater) model experiments of bay circulation were carried out with and without bay water by changing the water surface from water to land (loam). First, the model performance simulating O3 was evaluated using the baseline experiment results and AirNow surface wind and O3 observations. The results showed that the model overestimates surface O3 by up to 20–30%. Further, the comparisons of the baseline and sensitivity experiments revealed higher O3 mixing ratios, primarily due to the resulting bay breeze circulation. These increases, after considering model overestimation, represent a mean bay dynamics circulation-induced contribution of up to 10% at night and 5% during the day. Furthermore, the boundary layer over northern CB, where it is at its narrowest width, was higher (by 1.2 km on average) during daytime due to higher surface temperatures observed. The boundary layer depth difference between the northern, central, and southern regions of the bay leads to a differential in the role of bay circulation dynamics in the observed O3 increase. The relatively wider swath of water surface over southern CB resulted in a lower boundary layer depth and stronger breeze circulation and this circulation contributed to O3 concentrations. Moreover, since the case selected has a minimal bay breeze circulation, the associated surface ozone enhancements represent what is expected at least at a minimum.
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Torres-Vazquez A, Pleim J, Gilliam R, Pouliot G. Performance Evaluation of the Meteorology and Air Quality Conditions From Multiscale WRF-CMAQ Simulations for the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:1-27. [PMID: 36035632 PMCID: PMC9413027 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Long Island Sound (LIS) Tropospheric Ozone Study was a multi-agency collaborative field campaign conducted during the summer of 2018 to improve the understanding of ozone chemistry and transport from New York City to areas downstream, especially the LIS and adjacent Connecticut coastline. Measurements made during this campaign were leveraged to test and evaluate the coupled WRF-CMAQ model at 12 km, 4 and 1.33 km horizontal grid spacing. Special attention was placed on the model's representation of sea breeze circulations, low level jets, and boundary layer evolution. The evaluation suggests using higher resolutions resulted in improved surface meteorology statistics throughout the whole summer, with temperature biases seeing the biggest statistical improvements when using 1.33-km grid spacing, going from -0.12 to 0.08 K. Additionally, 4-km grid spacing provided the biggest advantage when simulating ozone over the region of interest, with biases being reduced from 2.40 to 0.57 to 0.37 ppbV with increased resolution. Case studies of two high ozone concentration events (July 10 and August 6) revealed that sound breezes and low-level jets had a critical role in transporting pollutant-rich, shallow marine air masses from the LIS inland over the Connecticut coast. Modifications were made to the representation of sea surface temperatures, which subsequently improved the simulation of surface ozone predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Vazquez
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- National Weather Service, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Pleim
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Gilliam
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George Pouliot
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Stanier CO, Pierce RB, Abdi-Oskouei M, Adelman ZE, Al-Saadi J, Alwe HD, Bertram TH, Carmichael GR, Christiansen MB, Cleary PA, Czarnetzki AC, Dickens AF, Fuoco MA, Hughes DD, Hupy JP, Janz SJ, Judd LM, Kenski D, Kowalewski MG, Long RW, Millet DB, Novak G, Roozitalab B, Shaw SL, Stone EA, Szykman J, Valin L, Vermeuel M, Wagner TJ, Whitehill AR, Williams DJ. Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 102:E2207-E2225. [PMID: 35837596 PMCID: PMC9275376 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS 2017) was a collaborative multiagency field study targeting ozone chemistry, meteorology, and air quality observations in the southern Lake Michigan area. The primary objective of LMOS 2017 was to provide measurements to improve air quality modeling of the complex meteorological and chemical environment in the region. LMOS 2017 science questions included spatiotemporal assessment of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission sources and their influence on ozone episodes; the role of lake breezes; contribution of new remote sensing tools such as GeoTASO, Pandora, and TEMPO to air quality management; and evaluation of photochemical grid models. The observing strategy included GeoTASO on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft capturing NO2 and formaldehyde columns, an in situ profiling aircraft, two ground-based coastal enhanced monitoring locations, continuous NO2 columns from coastal Pandora instruments, and an instrumented research vessel. Local photochemical ozone production was observed on 2 June, 9-12 June, and 14-16 June, providing insights on the processes relevant to state and federal air quality management. The LMOS 2017 aircraft mapped significant spatial and temporal variation of NO2 emissions as well as polluted layers with rapid ozone formation occurring in a shallow layer near the Lake Michigan surface. Meteorological characteristics of the lake breeze were observed in detail and measurements of ozone, NOx, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, VOC, oxygenated VOC (OVOC), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition were conducted. This article summarizes the study design, directs readers to the campaign data repository, and presents a summary of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela F Dickens
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Chicago, Illinois, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Scott J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | | | - Donna Kenski
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Russell W Long
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Gordon Novak
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - James Szykman
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lukas Valin
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Timothy J Wagner
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew R Whitehill
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David J Williams
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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7
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Comparison of Total Column and Surface Mixing Ratio of Carbon Monoxide Derived from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor with In-Situ Measurements from Extensive Ground-Based Network over South Korea. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13193987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) significantly impacts climate change and human health, and has become the focus of increased air quality and climate research. Since 2018, the Troposphere Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has provided total column amounts of CO (CTROPOMI) with a high spatial resolution to monitor atmospheric CO. This study compared and assessed the accuracy of CTROPOMI measurements using surface in-situ measurements (SKME) obtained from an extensive ground-based network over South Korea, where CO level is persistently affected by both local emissions and trans-boundary transport. Our analysis reveals that the TROPOMI effectively detected major emission sources of CO over South Korea and efficiently complemented the spatial coverage of the ground-based network. In general, the correlations between CTROPOMI and SKME were lower than those for NO2 reported in a previous study, and this discrepancy was partly attributed to the lower spatiotemporal variability. Moreover, vertical CO profiles were sampled from the ECMWF CAMS reanalysis data (EAC4) to convert CTROPOMI to surface mixing ratios (STROPOMI). STROPOMI showed a significant underestimation compared with SKME by approximately 40%, with a moderate correlation of approximately 0.51. The low biases of STROPOMI were more significant during the winter season, which was mainly attributed to the underestimation of the EAC4 CO at the surface. This study can contribute to the assessment of satellite and model data for monitoring surface air quality and greenhouse gas emissions.
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8
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Doak AG, Christiansen M, Alwe HD, Bertram TH, Carmichael G, Cleary P, Czarnetzki AC, Dickens AF, Janssen M, Kenski D, Millet DB, Novak GA, Pierce BR, Stone EA, Long RW, Vermeuel MP, Wagner TJ, Valin L, Stanier CO. Characterization of ground-based atmospheric pollution and meteorology sampling stations during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:866-889. [PMID: 33689601 PMCID: PMC10068588 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1900000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS 2017) in May and June 2017 enabled study of transport, emissions, and chemical evolution related to ozone air pollution in the Lake Michigan airshed. Two highly instrumented ground sampling sites were part of a wider sampling strategy of aircraft, shipborne, and ground-based mobile sampling. The Zion, Illinois site (on the coast of Lake Michigan, 67 km north of Chicago) was selected to sample higher NOx air parcels having undergone less photochemical processing. The Sheboygan, Wisconsin site (on the coast of Lake Michigan, 211 km north of Chicago) was selected due to its favorable location for the observation of photochemically aged plumes during ozone episodes involving southerly winds with lake breeze. The study encountered elevated ozone during three multiday periods. Daytime ozone episode concentrations at Zion were 60 ppb for ozone, 3.8 ppb for NOx, 1.2 ppb for nitric acid, and 8.2 μg m-3 for fine particulate matter. At Sheboygan daytime, ozone episode concentrations were 60 ppb for ozone, 2.6 ppb for NOx, and 3.0 ppb for NOy. To facilitate informed use of the LMOS 2017 data repository, we here present comprehensive site description, including airmass influences during high ozone periods of the campaign, overview of meteorological and pollutant measurements, analysis of continuous emission monitor data from nearby large point sources, and characterization of local source impacts from vehicle traffic, large point sources, and rail. Consistent with previous field campaigns and the conceptual model of ozone episodes in the area, trajectories from the southwest, south, and lake breeze trajectories (south or southeast) were overrepresented during pollution episodes. Local source impacts from vehicle traffic, large point sources, and rail were assessed and found to represent less than about 15% of typical concentrations measured. Implications for model-observation comparison and design of future field campaigns are discussed.Implications: The Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS 2017) was conducted along the western shore of Lake Michigan, and involved two well-instrumented coastal ground sites (Zion, IL, and Sheboygan, WI). LMOS 2017 data are publicly available, and this paper provides detailed site characterization and measurement summary to enable informed use of repository data. Minor local source impacts were detected but were largely confined to nighttime conditions of less interest for ozone episode analysis and modeling. The role of these sites in the wider field campaign and their detailed description facilitates future campaign planning, informed data repository use, and model-observation comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G. Doak
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Megan Christiansen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hariprasad D. Alwe
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory Carmichael
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Patricia Cleary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Alan C. Czarnetzki
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
| | | | - Mark Janssen
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Rosemont, IL, USA
| | - Donna Kenski
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Rosemont, IL, USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Gordon A. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bradley R. Pierce
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Russell W. Long
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Wagner
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lukas Valin
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles O. Stanier
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Assessment of Tropospheric Concentrations of NO2 from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor for the Estimation of Long-Term Exposure to Surface NO2 over South Korea. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since April 2018, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has provided data on tropospheric NO2 column concentrations (CTROPOMI) with unprecedented spatial resolution. This study aims to assess the capability of TROPOMI to acquire high spatial resolution data regarding surface NO2 mixing ratios. In general, the instrument effectively detected major and moderate sources of NO2 over South Korea with a clear weekday–weekend distinction. We compared the CTROPOMI with surface NO2 mixing ratio measurements from an extensive ground-based network over South Korea operated by the Korean Ministry of Environment (SKME; more than 570 sites), for 2019. Spatiotemporally collocated CTROPOMI and SKME showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.67), whereas their annual mean values at each site showed a higher correlation (r = 0.84). The CTROPOMI and SKME were well correlated around the Seoul metropolitan area, where significant amounts of NO2 prevailed throughout the year, whereas they showed lower correlation at rural sites. We converted the tropospheric NO2 from TROPOMI to the surface mixing ratio (STROPOMI) using the EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) profile shape, for quantitative comparison with the SKME. The estimated STROPOMI generally underestimated the in-situ value obtained, SKME (slope = 0.64), as reported in previous studies.
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10
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Sorooshian A, Corral AF, Braun RA, Cairns B, Crosbie E, Ferrare R, Hair J, Kleb MM, Mardi AH, Maring H, McComiskey A, Moore R, Painemal D, Jo Scarino A, Schlosser J, Shingler T, Shook M, Wang H, Zeng X, Ziemba L, Zuidema P. Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:10.1029/2019jd031626. [PMID: 32699733 PMCID: PMC7375207 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decades of atmospheric research have focused on the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) region because of its unique location that offers accessibility for airborne and ship measurements, gradients in important atmospheric parameters, and a range of meteorological regimes leading to diverse conditions that are poorly understood. This work reviews these scientific investigations for the WNAO region, including the East Coast of North America and the island of Bermuda. Over 50 field campaigns and long-term monitoring programs, in addition to 715 peer-reviewed publications between 1946 and 2019 have provided a firm foundation of knowledge for these areas. Of particular importance in this region has been extensive work at the island of Bermuda that is host to important time series records of oceanic and atmospheric variables. Our review categorizes WNAO atmospheric research into eight major categories, with some studies fitting into multiple categories (relative %): Aerosols (25%), Gases (24%), Development/Validation of Techniques, Models, and Retrievals (18%), Meteorology and Transport (9%), Air-Sea Interactions (8%), Clouds/Storms (8%), Atmospheric Deposition (7%), and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2%). Recommendations for future research are provided in the categories highlighted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rachel A. Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - David Painemal
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Amy Jo Scarino
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Joseph Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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11
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Dacic N, Sullivan JT, Knowland KE, Wolfe GM, Oman LD, Berkof TA, Gronoff GP. Evaluation of NASA's high-resolution global composition simulations: Understanding a pollution event in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer 2017 OWLETS campaign. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 222:117133. [PMID: 33013177 PMCID: PMC7526533 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recirculation of pollutants due to a bay breeze effect is a key meteorological mechanism impacting air quality near urban coastal areas, but regional and global chemical transport models have historically struggled to capture this phenomenon. We present a case study of a high ozone (O3) episode observed over the Chesapeake Bay during the NASA Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS) in summer 2017. OWLETS included a complementary suite of ground-based and airborne observations, with which we characterize the meteorological and chemical context of this event and develop a framework to evaluate model performance. Two publicly-available NASA global high-resolution coupled chemistry-meteorology models (CCMMs) are investigated: GEOS-CF and MERRA2-GMI. The GEOS-CF R2 value for comparisons between the NASA Sherpa C-23 aircraft measurements to the GEOS-CF resulted in good agreement (R2: 0.67) on July 19th and fair agreement (R2: 0.55) for July 20th. Compared to surface observations, we find the GEOS-CF product with a 25 x 25 km2 grid box, at an hourly (R2: 0.62 to 0.87) and 15-minute (R2: 0.64 to 0.87) interval for six regional sites outperforms the hourly nominally 50 x 50 km2 gridded MERRA2-GMI (R2: 0.53 to 0.76) for four of the six sites, suggesting it is better capable of simulating complex chemical and meteorological features associated with ozone transport within the Chesapeake Bay airshed. When the GEOS-CF product was compared to the TOLNet LiDAR observations at both NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel (CBBT), the median differences at LaRC were -6 to 8% and at CBBT were ± 7% between 400 to 2000 m ASL. This indicates that, for this case study, the GEOS-CF is able to simulate surface level ozone diurnal cycles and vertical ozone profiles at small scales between the surface level and 2000 m ASL. Evaluating global chemical model simulations at sub-regional scales will help air quality scientists understand the complex processes occurring at small spatial and temporal scales within complex surface terrain changes, simulating nighttime chemistry and deposition, and the potential to use global chemical transport simulations in support of regional and sub-regional field campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Dacic
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Science Systems and Applications Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, MD, 20706, USA
| | - John T. Sullivan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - K. Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Luke D. Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | | | - Guillaume P. Gronoff
- Science Systems and Applications Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, MD, 20706, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA
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Yang Z, Delgado R, Demoz B, Sullivan J, Gronoff G, Berkoff T. Modeling and Lidar Study on Ozone Over the Chesapeake Bay During OWLETS-2. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023703015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the distribution of ozone (O3) concentration near the Chesapeake Bay, USA (hereafter CB) by integrating observations and model simulations. The motivation of this work is to understand reasons causing the horizontal and vertical distribution of pollutants (mainly O3) near the CB. The O3 exceedance over the CB happens very frequently during summer and the Maryland Department of Environment intends to find out the reasons in order to make policy-related decision. The observation data used in this study are from the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study-2 (OWLETS-2) field campaign, including observations from O3 lidar, Doppler wind lidar, ozonesonde. The mesoscale model employed is Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.9.1. The anthropogenic emission dataset is from National Emission Inventory 2011 (NEI-2011), including various emission species, e.g., CO, NOX, SO2, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, etc. The meteorological initial and boundary conditions are from the Northern American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset, which is a high-resolution combined model and assimilated dataset from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). There are several findings of this study based on the model simulations and ground-based observations. Actually, at the beginning of study, we considered two different versions of anthropogenic emissions from NEI-2005 and NEI-2011 developed by the Environment Protection Agency (EPA). EPA added the anthropogenic emissions over CB from boats and ships while updating from NEI-2005 to NEI-2011. For model performance evaluation, we employed AirNow surface hourly O3 mixing ratio diurnal variation and compared it with model simulations.
For instance, at Essex site near Baltimore City, observed O3 has a strong diurnal variation, with minimum (25 ppbv) just after sunrise (05:00 EST), and with maximum (75 ppbv) around afternoon (15:00 EST). Even the model simulation has a good agreement with the observation, it underestimates the mean O3 mixing ratio by about 15-20 ppbv. Both the surface and 700 mb level horizontal spatial distribution of O3 indicate the higher O3 concentration over the north-middle CB, with surface O3 mixing ratio of 40-50 ppbv and 700 mb level O3 mixing ratio of 60 ppbv, which means the surface O3 was lifted up after production. The vertical profiles of wind of both model and Doppler wind lidar match very well, indicating that the model captured the vertical variation of wind. However, the vertical profiles of O3 from model simulation, ozonesonde, and O3 lidar suggests that model simulation underestimated the O3 from surface to 4.5 km. In addition, the model simulation captured the vertical mixing of O3 from surface to 2 km, while misses the O3 variation above 2 km. In order to study the influence of bay breeze on the O3 small scale transport, three vertical cross sections through the CB from west to east at the northern, middle, and southern CB. The results show that higher O3 concentration above the CB. The bay breeze over the southern CB is stronger than the northern CB. The planetary boundary layer height over the CB is dramatically lower than the surrounding land in the day, which contributes to the surface higher O3 concentration over the CB.
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