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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liu K, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Chen IS, Lu T, Kuo CC, Yu CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Ca 2+ Signaling and Cell Death Induced by Protriptyline in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:539-547. [PMID: 27252039 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of protriptyline on Ca2+ physiology in human hepatoma is unclear. This study explored the effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+ ]i and cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Protriptyline (50-150 μM) evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. The Ca2+ entry was inhibited by removal of Ca2+ . Protriptyline-induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+ -induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Except nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X, and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate did not inhibit Ca2+ entry. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 40% of protriptyline-induced response. Treatment with protriptyline abolished BHQ-induced response. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) suppressed protriptyline-evoked response by 70%. At 20-40 μM, protriptyline killed cells which was not reversed by the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in HepG2 cells, protriptyline induced [Ca2+ ]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum. Protriptyline induced Ca2+ -independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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