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Salvatori G, De Rose DU, Massolo AC, Patel N, Capolupo I, Giliberti P, Evangelisti M, Parisi P, Toscano A, Dotta A, Di Nardo G. Current Strategies to Optimize Nutrition and Growth in Newborns and Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071841. [PMID: 35407451 PMCID: PMC8999967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This review aims to identify the clinical and practical barriers to optimizing nutrition in newborn infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to describe updated evidence-based recommendations for clinical and nutritional management of these patients in a narrative review. (2) Research Methods and Procedures: We conducted a search of the relevant literature published from 2000 to December 2021. (3) Results: CHD patients undergo several nutritional challenges related to the underlying cardiac disease anomaly, the potential increased risk of NEC, and delayed enteral feeding, resulting in inadequate energy intake and sub-optimal growth, increased morbidity and mortality. (4) Conclusions: To optimize nutrition and growth in newborn infants with CHD, standardized protocols should be implemented. Regular nutritional and growth assessment with a multi-disciplinary team is essential. We propose a decisional algorithm that may represent a potentially useful tool to guide clinicians to optimize growth and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Salvatori
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- Human Milk Bank, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2427; Fax: +39-06-6859-3916
| | - Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- PhD Course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, and Transplants (MIMIT), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Claudia Massolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- Human Milk Bank, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Neil Patel
- Department of Neonatology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK;
| | - Irma Capolupo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- Human Milk Bank, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Giliberti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- Human Milk Bank, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Evangelisti
- NESMOS Department, Chair of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- NESMOS Department, Chair of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Alessandra Toscano
- Perinatal Cardiology Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.C.M.); (I.C.); (P.G.); (A.D.)
- Human Milk Bank, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- NESMOS Department, Chair of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.D.N.)
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