Thirty-five-millimeter photography using the Kantor-Berci video laryngoscope

Systematic Direct Laryngoscopy: The Lindholm Laryngoscopes

The authors, each with 40 years of experience in laryngology, aim to lay out the general principles and details of a systematic method of direct laryngoscopy for adults, children, and infants. Advances in laryngoscope design and application, advantages of telescopes, use of the operating microscope, and principles of modern anesthesia are highlighted. Particular reference is made to classification of laryngoscopes, advantages of Lindholm laryngoscopes, suspension laryngoscopy, the principles of biopsy, and problems of laryngoscopy. The difficult airway and the obstructed airway are discussed in detail. With the recent renewed interest in investigation and treatment of laryngeal problems and a better understanding of laryngeal physiology and voice production, the future will, no doubt, see new procedures to treat and restore laryngeal function. The fundamentals in this report form a basis for direct laryngoscopy, endolaryngeal microsurgery, laser surgery, and phonosurgery.

Optical and video laryngoscopes for emergency airway management

Direct laryngoscopy for airway management was introduced into clinical medicine almost 70 years ago and is still the dominant modality. The recent development of video and optical laryngoscopy could be the most important change in this paradigm. This paper examines state of the art devices and makes recommendations regarding specific advantages they advance for the field of emergency medicine.

New visualization technique with a three-dimensional video-assisted stereoendoscopic system: application of the BVHIS display method during endolaryngeal surgery

A three-dimensional video-assisted stereoendoscopic system (3D video system) developed by the Shinko Optical Company, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and referred to as the binocular vision by horizontal image shifting display method (BVHIS display method), has been developed to digitally process ordinary video signals obtained with a video camera connected to a direct videolaryngoscope. The three-dimensional video system provides the surgeon with stereoendoscopic video images and enhances the ability of the surgeon to perform delicate endoscopic procedures. The three-dimensional video-assisted stereoendoscopic laryngosurgical procedure and its underlying principles are described in this paper. A total of 12 patients with laryngeal lesions causing dysphonia underwent three-dimensional video-assisted stereoendoscopic laryngosurgery. Although the video image obtained with the BVHIS display method is only pseudo-three-dimensional, this method enables the surgeon to perceive both depth perception and realism. We describe a surgical procedure using this new visualizing technique and the underlying principles of the technique. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations of the patients' vocal functions are also described. This system is a useful tool for the treatment of laryngeal lesions causing dysphonia.