'I wanted my child dead' - Physical, social, cognitive, emotional and spiritual life stories of Turkish parents who give care to their children with schizophrenia: A qualitative analysis based on empowerment approach

Family Empowerment Strategies for Relapse Prevention in Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review

The current scoping review aimed to provide an overview of family empowerment strategies used in relapse prevention among individuals with schizophrenia. Three major topics were explored: (a) the family empowerment model used in relapse prevention among individuals with schizophrenia; (b) family intervention strategies; and (c) special considerations for integrating family empowerment in relapse prevention among individuals with schizophrenia. There is a need to identify and use family resources and strengths, such as acceptance of schizophrenia, development of spirituality, involvement in daily activities, and understanding of behaviors that exacerbate symptoms, to reduce relapse risk. The family empowerment paradigm incorporates new information and coping skills, family support, meaning-making, life objectives, self-reflection, and good family experiences. Families as agents of care at home should be provided with stress management and family psychoeducation to improve family resilience. Further research is needed to understand family empowerment and develop comprehensive guidelines regarding relapse prevention management among individuals with schizophrenia. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(5), 19-27.].

Dyadic effects of stigma on quality of life in people with schizophrenia and their family caregivers: Mediating role of patients' perception of caregivers' expressed emotion

Schizophrenia, as a stressful diagnosis, profoundly impacts the whole family, especially people with schizophrenia and their caregivers. This study tested the potential mediating role of expressed emotion in the association between mental health stigma and quality of life in caregiver-patient dyads. Using a 2-wave longitudinal design with a 6-month interval between assessments, 161 dyads of patients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers (one patient and one caregiver) completed measures of mental health stigma, expressed emotion, and quality of life. The results showed that patients' self-stigma had no significant actor or partner effect on expressed emotion or quality of life. In contrast, caregivers' stigmatizing attitudes toward patients had a significant partner effect on patients' perception of caregivers' expressed emotion and quality of life. The mediating effect of patients' perception of caregivers' expressed emotion in the association between caregivers' stigmatizing ideas toward patients and patients' quality of life was significant. By focusing on the interdependence of patients and their caregivers, this study highlights the role of caregivers' stigmatizing attitudes toward patients and patients' perception of caregivers' expressed emotion on patients' quality of life. Psychoeducation and interventions should not only aim to reduce the self-stigma of people with schizophrenia but also their caregivers' stigmatizing ideas toward patients. Family interventions targeted at reducing the EE level of caregivers and patients' perception of caregivers' EE would also benefit the adaptation and quality of life of people with schizophrenia and their caregivers.

Development of an integrative empowerment model to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder

Background

The main factor that causes a family the inability to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder is inadequate family-centered empowerment. Nevertheless, the family-integrated empowerment model has not been developed yet. This study aims to develop a integrative empowerment model to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder.

Design and methods

The mixed methods research design was divided into two stages. The first stage used a cross-sectional method with a questionnaire to 135 families who cared for patients with schizophrenia disorder using purposive sampling. Data analysis was obtained using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The second stage is a focused group discussion (FGD) conducted with six families, seven health workers, and six social workers, and discussions with two experts for model development.

Results

The integrative empowerment-based family empowerment model is developed from Outside-in empowerment (path coefficient = 0.309; t = 3.292) and Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.478; t = 4.850). Family factors is the most potent variable in shaping Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.217; t = 2.309). Moreover, re-meaning of caregiving is the strongest indicator that builds the Inside-out empowerment variable (t = 42.643). The value of Q2 is 0.433 indicates that this model can be generalized, since 61% of family ability to provide care for schizophrenia patients.

Conclusions

Re-meaning of caregiving is the most potent indicator in shaping Inside-out empowerment, which is the strongest factor forming this model. Nurses assist families to be able to find activities that can generate positive meaning when caring for patients with schizophrenia disorder.

Ethical problems experienced by family caregivers of patient with schizophrenia: A hermeneutic phenomenological study

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to provide information on the ethical problems faced by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

METHOD

This study was conducted using a hermeneutical approach to phenomenology. Data were obtained by means of an individual interview process using a semi-structured interview guide.

RESULTS

The results of this study revealed the following themes and sub-themes: higgledy-piggledy, walking on a thorny path, decision-making, subtheme, back of the mirror, victim, and dark well.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Expressed concerns have shown that caregivers not only face difficult challenges in the management of complicated and complicated illnesses, but also face ethical issues inherent in the role of caregivers and must take ethical decisions.

Caregiver burden experiences of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A qualitative inquiry

BACKGROUND

Parents of children with schizophrenia struggle with emotional, social, and economic burdens because they do not receive adequate support and experience difficulties.

AIM

To determine the caregiver burden experiences of parents who care for schizophrenic patients and to provide in-depth data on their feelings, thoughts, and opinions on this issue.

METHODS

In this study, the phenomenological method was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 parents. Maxqda 2020 was used for the analysis of the research data.

RESULTS

In our qualitative study, it was concluded that caregivers were stigmatized by their environment, exposed to social isolation, and stigmatized themselves. It has been determined that the social isolation experienced by the parents negatively affects them economically, socially, and emotionally.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study were discussed within the framework of three themes: emotional burden, social burden, and economic burden experienced by caregivers.