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Yamashita E, Negishi S, Kikuta J, Shimizu M, Senpuku H. Effects of Improper Mechanical Force on the Production of Sonic Hedgehog, RANKL, and IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38668020 PMCID: PMC11049549 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Improper mechanical stress may induce side effects during orthodontic treatment. If the roots and alveolar bones are extensively resorbed following excess mechanical stress, unplanned tooth mobility and inflammation can occur. Although multiple factors are believed to contribute to the development of side effects, the cause is still unknown. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), one of the hedgehog signals significantly associated with cell growth and cancer development, promotes osteoclast formation in the jawbone. Shh may be associated with root and bone resorptions during orthodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the relationships between Shh, RANKL, and IL-6 in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells exposed to improper mechanical force. Weights were placed on hPDL cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for an optimal orthodontic force group (1.0 g/cm2) and a heavy orthodontic force group (4.0 g/cm2). A group with no orthodontic force was used as a control group. Real-time PCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting were performed to examine the effects of orthodontic forces on the expression of Shh, RANKL, and IL-6 at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after the addition of pressure. The protein expression of Shh was not clearly induced by orthodontic forces of 1.0 and 4.0 g/cm2 compared with the control in HGFs and hPDL cells. In contrast, RANKL and IL-6 gene and protein expression was significantly induced by 1.0 and 4.0 g/cm2 in hPDL cells for forces lasting 6~24 h. However, neither protein was expressed in HGFs. RANKL and IL-6 expressions in response to orthodontic forces and in the control were clearly inhibited by Shh inhibitor RU-SKI 43. Shh did not directly link to RANKL and IL-6 for root and bone resorptions by orthodontic force but was associated with cell activities to be finally guided by the production of cytokines in hPDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yamashita
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Shinichi Negishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
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Bardini G, Orrù C, Ideo F, Nagendrababu V, Dummer P, Cotti E. Clinical management of external cervical resorption: A systematic review. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:769-787. [PMID: 37702252 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review investigated whether any therapeutic options influenced the outcome of treatment for teeth with external cervical resorption. Out of 870 articles identified by an electronic search, 60 clinical case reports and six case series were included. No randomised clinical trials were found. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. External surgical intervention was the preferred method of accessing the lesions. Removal of resorptive tissue was most often achieved mechanically. Bioactive endodontic cements were the preferred materials for restoring teeth. The outcome measures were based on clinical and radiographic parameters. Of the cases included in the review, no specific treatment approach had a superior outcome in relation to Heithersay's classification. Furthermore, due to the absence of randomised clinical trials, and the low level of evidence associated with case reports/case series, it was not possible to define the optimum clinical treatment for external cervical resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bardini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Orrù
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Ideo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Paul Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabetta Cotti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Nakai Y, Praneetpong N, Ono W, Ono N. Mechanisms of Osteoclastogenesis in Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Orthodontically Induced Tooth Root Resorption. J Bone Metab 2023; 30:297-310. [PMID: 38073263 PMCID: PMC10721376 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2023.30.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by the simultaneous activation of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. When orthodontic forces are applied, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption occurs in the alveolar bone on the compression side, creating space for tooth movement. Therefore, controlling osteoclastogenesis is the fundamental tenet of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic forces are sensed by osteoblast lineage cells such as periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and osteocytes. Of several cytokines produced by these cells, the most important cytokine promoting osteoclastogenesis is the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which is mainly supplied by osteoblasts. Additionally, osteocytes embedded within the bone matrix, T lymphocytes in inflammatory conditions, and PDL cells produce RANKL. Besides RANKL, inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 promote osteoclastogenesis under OTM. On the downside, excessive osteoclastogenesis activation triggers orthodontically-induced external root resorption (ERR) through pro-osteoclastic inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during OTM is essential in reducing the adverse effects of orthodontic treatment. Here, we review the current concepts of the mechanisms underlying osteoclastogenesis in OTM and orthodontically induced ERR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakai
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natnicha Praneetpong
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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Zheng X, Zhao N, Peng L, Li Z, Liu C, You Q, Fang B. Biological characteristics of microRNAs secreted by exosomes of periodontal ligament stem cells due to mechanical force. Eur J Orthod 2023:7188171. [PMID: 37262013 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has previously been considered an inflammatory process. However, recent studies suggest that exosomes may play an important role in the cellular microenvironment of OTM. microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the major constituents of exosomes. This study aims to investigate the biological characteristics of miRNAs secreted by exosomes of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) due to mechanical forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we established a mechanical stress model. The PDLSCs were loaded under different force values and exosomes were extracted after 48 h. High-throughput sequencing of exosomal miRNAs was performed to further evaluate their biological functions and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The morphology and functions of exosomes were not significantly different between the loading and non-loading PDLSC groups. The optimal loading time and force were 48 h and 1 g/cm2, respectively. After sequencing, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway and network analyses were performed and 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified according to a literature search. These are miR-99a-5p, miR-485-3P, miR-29a-3p,miR-21-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR140-3p, miR-1306-5p, miR-126-5p, miR-125a-5p, and miR-23a-3p. LIMITATIONS Extracting exosomes needs a large amount of PDLSCs. More functional experiments need to be done to confirm the exact mechanism of exosomal miRNAs of PDLSCs due to mechanical force. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of miRNAs secreted by PDLSC-derived exosomes due to mechanical force were very different compared to PDLSC-derived exosomes under nonmechanical stress. The function of many of the identified exosomal miRNAs was found to be related to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Further validation is required. A functional investigation of these miRNA could provide novel insights into their mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxia Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingling You
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Yoshimoto S, Morita H, Okamura K, Hiraki A, Hashimoto S. IL-6 Plays a Critical Role in Stromal Fibroblast RANKL Induction and Consequent Osteoclastogenesis in Ameloblastoma Progression. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100023. [PMID: 36748192 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma (AB) is the most common benign, epithelial odontogenic tumor that occurs in the jawbone. AB is a slow-growing, benign epithelial tumor but shows locally invasive growth, with bone resorption or recurrence if not adequately resected. From these points of view, understanding the mechanism of AB-induced bone resorption is necessary for better clinical therapy and improving patients' quality of life. In bone resorption, osteoclasts play critical roles, and RANKL is a pivotal regulator of osteoclastogenesis. However, the source of RANKL-expressing cells in the AB tumor microenvironment is controversial, and the mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in AB progression is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the RNA expression of RANKL in AB specimens. We found that PDGFRα- and S100A4-positive stromal fibroblasts expressed RANKL in the AB tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we analyzed the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis in the AB tumor microenvironment using the human AB cell line AM-1 and a human primary periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. The results of histopathologic and in vitro studies clarified that the interaction between AB cells and stromal fibroblasts upregulated IL-6 expression and that AB cells induced RANKL expression in stromal fibroblasts and consequent osteoclastogenesis in AB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Morita
- The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Okamura
- Section of Pathology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Section of Oral Oncology, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hashimoto
- Section of Pathology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Extracellular vesicles secreted by human periodontal ligament induced osteoclast differentiation by transporting miR-28 to osteoclast precursor cells and further promoted orthodontic tooth movement. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Changes in interstitial fluid flow, mass transport and the bone cell response in microgravity and normogravity. Bone Res 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 36411278 PMCID: PMC9678891 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research, with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space. A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield, aiming at near-Earth asteroids, the Moon, and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future, warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme environment. Acute skeletal loss, more severe than any bone loss seen on Earth, has significant implications for deep space exploration, and it remains elusive as to why there is such a magnitude of difference between bone loss on Earth and loss in microgravity. The removal of gravity eliminates a critical primary mechano-stimulus, and when combined with exposure to both galactic and solar cosmic radiation, healthy human tissue function can be negatively affected. An additional effect found in microgravity, and one with limited insight, involves changes in dynamic fluid flow. Fluids provide the most fundamental way to transport chemical and biochemical elements within our bodies and apply an essential mechano-stimulus to cells. Furthermore, the cell cytoplasm is not a simple liquid, and fluid transport phenomena together with viscoelastic deformation of the cytoskeleton play key roles in cell function. In microgravity, flow behavior changes drastically, and the impact on cells within the porous system of bone and the influence of an expanding level of adiposity are not well understood. This review explores the role of interstitial fluid motion and solute transport in porous bone under two different conditions: normogravity and microgravity.
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Patel S, Saberi N, Pimental T, Teng P. Present status and future directions: Root resorption. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:892-921. [PMID: 35229320 PMCID: PMC9790676 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is the loss of dental hard tissue because of odontoclastic action. In permanent teeth, it is undesirable and pathological in nature. Root resorption may occur on the inner aspect of the root canal (internal root resorption) or on the outer aspect of the root (external root resorption). Regardless of its location, root resorption is irreversible, and may result in discomfort for the patient, requires management and/or, in some cases, results in the premature loss of the affected tooth. Root resorption is often challenging to accurately diagnose and manage. The aim of this narrative review is to present the relevant literature on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management, as well as discuss the future directions of diagnosis and management of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Patel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK,Specialist PracticeLondonUK
| | - Navid Saberi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tiago Pimental
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peng‐Hui Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling mediates root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e159-e168. [PMID: 36058797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the role of wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)-receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) signaling in root resorption. METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Wnt5a, Ror2, and RANKL in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) under compression force (CF) with or without Ror2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and these proteins released into culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then these PDLC-conditioned media under CF with or without Ror2 siRNA were used to culture osteoclast precursors to detect osteoclastogenesis effects via tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. In in vivo studies, the odontoclast number and the root resorption volume under excessive CF with or without Ror2 siRNA were investigated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase immunohistochemical staining and microcomputed tomography. The protein levels for Wnt5a, Ror2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the periodontal ligament tissues were also detected using immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the odontoclast number, root resorption volume, and the mRNA and protein expressions were compared between immature and mature teeth. RESULTS The mRNA production and protein release level of Wnt5a, Ror2, and RANKL increased after CF, whereas they were significantly downregulated with Ror2 siRNA. The osteoclast number increased treating with culture medium from PDLC applying CF, but the increase was inhibited after adding Ror2 siRNA. In the animal model, the odontoclast number and root resorption volume significantly increased in the CF group but decreased in the CF with the Ror2 siRNA group. The protein levels of Wnt5a, Ror2, and RANKL in periodontal ligament were upregulated under excessive CF, and the pathway was inhibited with Ror2 siRNA. In the immature tooth group, the odontoclast number, root resorption volume, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in PDLCs enhanced by excessive CF could promote RANKL release and induce precursor differentiation, partly leading to increased odontoclast activity and ultimate root resorption. The less resorption of the immature tooth may be due to odontoclastogenesis inhibition by decreased expression of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling.
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Xiao M, Qian H, Lv J, Wang P. Advances in the Study of the Mechanisms of Physiological Root Resorption in Deciduous Teeth. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:850826. [PMID: 35433548 PMCID: PMC9005890 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.850826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth is a complex physiological process that is essential for the normal replacement of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth in clinical practice, but its importance is often overlooked due to the presence of permanent teeth. This physiological process includes not only the resorption of hard tissues of deciduous teeth, such as dentin and cementum, but also the elimination of soft tissues, such as pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL). However, the mechanisms of physiological root resorption are not yet clear. In this article, the advances of research on the mechanisms related to physiological root resorption will be reviewed in two main aspects: hard tissues and soft tissues of deciduous teeth, specifically in relation to the effects of inflammatory microenvironment and mechanical stress on the resorption of hard tissues, the repair of hard tissues, and the elimination and the histological events of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxue Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fang XY, Zhan YX, Zhou XM, Wu LN, Lin J, Yi YT, Jiang CM, Wang J, Liu J. CXCL12/CXCR4 Mediates Orthodontic Root Resorption via Regulating the M1/M2 Ratio. J Dent Res 2021; 101:569-579. [PMID: 34847760 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force-induced external root resorption is a major clinical side effect of orthodontic treatment. Recent work has revealed that M1 macrophages play a vital role in promoting orthodontic root resorption (ORR), but the mechanism of how mechanical force stimulation increases the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in periodontal tissue is poorly understood. In the current study, we showed that C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)+ periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)+ monocytes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were significantly increased after force application with ongoing root resorption, and these effects were partially rescued after force removal in mice. The expression of CXCL12 in PDLCs was increased by force stimulation in a time- and intensity-dependent manner in vitro. Blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was sufficient to alleviate ORR and reverse the force-enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratio. Further mechanism exploration showed that Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes homed in a CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-dependent manner. The number and proportion of CD11b+ Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in cervical lymph nodes were significantly increased by force loading, accompanied by decreased CD11b+ Ly6Chi monocytes in the blood. These changes were blunted by intraperitoneal injection of AMD3100. In addition, blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis effectively reversed M2 suppression and promoted M1 polarization. Collectively, results indicate that force-induced CXCL12/CXCR4 axis mediates ORR by increasing the M1/M2 ratio in periodontal tissues through attracting Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes and modulating macrophage polarization. The results also imply that AMD3100 is potentially inhibitory to root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X M Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L N Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y T Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C M Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Liu
- Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Apolipoprotein E is an effective biomarker for orthodontic tooth movement in patients treated with transmission straight wire appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:255-262.e1. [PMID: 34756485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the core component of orthodontic treatment and is increasingly popular for treating malocclusions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in OTM. METHODS Thirty patients treated with transmission straight wire technology were selected and longitudinally tracked at 2 different stages of orthodontic treatment (initial 2 months and 12 months of orthodontic treatment). Total saliva was collected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Western blotting was used to detect the difference in ApoE expression in the saliva samples of the 2 groups. The expression of ApoE was further verified by immunohistochemical staining in a mouse model of tooth movement. RESULTS The results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed significant differences in the components of the salivary peptides in the 2 groups and peptides with a molecular weight of 2010.7 Da were predicted to be ApoE by database analysis. Western blotting further verified a significant difference in the expression of salivary ApoE in the 2 groups. In addition, an OTM model was successfully constructed in mice. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that ApoE expression significantly increased after force loading in the OTM model. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that ApoE participated in and played a role during OTM in patients treated with transmission straight wire technology. This relationship might be related to alveolar bone reconstruction and root resorption. The results provide new ideas for research on the mechanism of tooth movement using precision medicine based on saliva detection.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Cai Q. Runx1/miR-26a/Jagged1 signaling axis controls osteoclastogenesis and alleviates orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:107991. [PMID: 34438336 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of osteoclast biology and several pathogenic progression. This study aimed to identify the role of miR-26a in osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption(OIIRR). METHODS Rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model was established by ligating a closed coil spring between maxillary first molar and incisor, and 50 g orthodontic force was applied to move upper first molar to middle for 7 days. Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were isolated from periodontium of healthy donors, and then subjected to compression force (CF) for 24 h to mimic an in vitro OTM model. The levels of associated factors in vivo and in vitro were measured subsequently. RESULT The distance of tooth movement was increased and root resorption pits were occurred in rat OTM model. The expression of miR-26a was decreased in vivo and vitro experiments. CF treatment enhanced the secretion of inflammatory factors receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and IL-6, osteoclast marker levels, and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, while miR-26a overexpression reversed these results. Furthermore, miR-26a overexpression inhibited the osteoclastogenesis and rescued the root resorption in OTM rats through inhibition of Jagged1. Additionally, Runx1 could bind to miR-26a promoter and promote its expression, thereby suppressing the osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION We concluded that Runx1/miR-26a/Jagged1 signaling axis restrained osteoclastogenesis and alleviated OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Cai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zou R, Wu S, Wang Y, Kang X, Zhao S, Shi H, Zheng D, Gao B, Ma S, Niu L, Gao Y. Role of integrin‑linked kinase in static compressive stress‑induced autophagy via phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase in human periodontal ligament cells. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:167. [PMID: 34278436 PMCID: PMC8285053 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by using mechanical stimuli, which lead to the remodeling of periodontal tissues. Previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy may be one of the cell responses to mechanical stress. As a key structure in the integrin pathway, integrin linked‑kinase (ILK) may play a role in the transmission of these mechanical signals. In addition, ILK is an important upstream molecule that regulates autophagy, under the influence of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Therefore, exploring the effect of mechanical stress on autophagy and the associated role of ILK/PI3K is of utmost significance to understanding the mechanism behind OTM. In the present study, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were embedded into a collagen‑alginate complex hydrogel for three‑dimensional (3D) culturing. Static compressive stress (2.5 g/cm2) was loaded using the uniform weight method for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. The autophagy of hPDLCs was detected by the expression of Beclin‑1 (BECN1) and ATG‑5 using RT‑qPCR and LC3, respectively, using immunofluorescence. The results showed that the level of autophagy and gene expression of ILK increased significantly under static compressive stress. In ILK‑silenced cells, static compressive stress could also upregulate ILK expression and increase the levels of autophagy. After PI3K inhibition, the increase in the autophagy level and the upregulation of ILK expression disappeared. These findings suggest that static compressive stress can induce autophagy in hPDLCs in a rapid, transient process, regulated by ILK and PI3K. Moreover, this static stress can upregulate ILK expression in a PI3K‑dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shiyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Shi
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Danqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yunan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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15
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng X. A Review of External Cervical Resorption. J Endod 2021; 47:883-894. [PMID: 33745945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively uncommon yet aggressive form of dental hard tissue destruction. It is initiated at the cervical aspect of the root surface and extends apicocoronally and circumferentially inside the dentin. Despite the large number of case reports and clinical studies that have investigated ECR, its etiology remains unclear. Recent advancements in clinical assessment measures, such as the use of cone-beam computed tomographic imaging, have provided additional insights into the nature of this lesion. This has facilitated the continued development and improvement of treatment methods for this condition. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research pertaining to the etiology, histopathology, predisposing factors, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of ECR. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the different classification schemes for ECR and highlight the relevant therapeutic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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16
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Yamaguchi M, Fukasawa S. Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2388. [PMID: 33673606 PMCID: PMC7957544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamaguchi
- Ginza Orthodontic Clinic, Ginza Granvia 6F, 3-3-14 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan;
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Li X, Xu J, Yin Y, Liu T, Chang L, He S, Chen S. Notch signaling inhibition protects against root resorption in experimental immature tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:426-434.e5. [PMID: 33568273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to build an experimental immature tooth movement model and verify less resorption of incompletely developed roots than those fully developed during the same orthodontic treatment, followed by investigating the cellular and molecular mechanism. METHODS The development of Wistar rat tooth was investigated using in vivo microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining to decide the optimal ages of rats for immature tooth and mature tooth groups. The rats in the immature tooth and mature tooth groups were divided into experimental, sham control, and blank control groups. After orthodontic treatment for 3 weeks, the mesial root volume, crown movement distance, neck movement distance, root inclination, and apical distance were measured by microcomputed tomography. The expressions of TRAP, Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The repair of root resorption was also investigated after removing orthodontic force for 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS The root achieved the development stage around 10 weeks, so 4-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats were used in the immature tooth group and mature tooth group, respectively. The volume of root resorption in the experimental immature tooth group was 0.0869 ± 0.0244 mm3, which was less than that in the mature tooth group (0.1218 ± 0.0123 mm3) (P <0.001). Immature tooth movement decreased TRAP-positive odontoclasts on the compression side while having no statistically significant effect on osteoclasts. The protein expression of Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL in the mature tooth group increased significantly compared with the immature tooth group, not only on the compression side but also on the tension sides. The mRNA expression of Jagged1, Notch2, and RANKL was significantly lower in the immature tooth group, whereas the expression of IL-6 had no significance but a strong tendency. The root volume after repairing for 3 weeks was still less than that of blank control, whereas after repairing for 6 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The experimental immature tooth movement model for the Wistar rat was achieved for the first time. The immature tooth will suffer less root resorption than the mature tooth, which may be due to odontoclastogenesis inhibition by decreased expression of Jagged1/Notch2/IL-6/RANKL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Le Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ye Y, Fang L, Li J, Wu H, Tan X, Luo H, Li X, Huang L. Chemerin/ChemR23 regulates cementoblast function and tooth resorption in mice via inflammatory factors. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1470-1482. [PMID: 33289084 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and orthodontic treatment can lead to inflammatory root resorption (IRR) through an unclear mechanism. Chemerin, a novel chemoattractant protein, is closely associated with inflammation, affects osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, and may play a role in IRR. We aimed to explore possible roles of the chemerin/ChemR23 interaction in cementoblast function and IRR and reveal a new IRR therapeutic target. METHODS Cementoblast function-related gene and protein expression in the immortalized murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 after treatment with chemerin and siChemR23 was examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.The roles of the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were studied using specific inhibitors. Cementoblast cytokine production under different treatment conditions was measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Additionally, we modeled IRR in wild-type and chemerin-overexpressing mice and injected transgenic mice with anti-ChemR23 antibody to block ChemR23. We then calculated the root resorption volume and examined periodontal tissue cathepsin K, Runx2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. RESULT Chemerin suppressed cementoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerted a proinflammatory effect on cementoblasts. These effects were partially reversed by siChemR23 and reversed to different extents by p38, Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathway inhibition, suggesting p38, Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways as signaling pathways downstream of chemerin/ChemR23. In vivo, chemerin overexpression worsened IRR. Moreover, chemerin expression was positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and cathepsin K expression and negatively correlated with Runx2 expression. ChemR23 downregulation reversed these effects. CONCLUSION Chemerin/ChemR23 induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression dependent on Erk1/2, p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway activation, thereby regulating cementoblast function and affecting IRR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Ye
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Lingli Fang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hongyan Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Xi Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education
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19
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Duan L, Liang Y, Xu X, Wang J, Li X, Sun D, Deng Z, Li W, Wang D. Noncoding RNAs in subchondral bone osteoclast function and their therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:279. [PMID: 33239099 PMCID: PMC7690185 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the only cells that perform bone resorption. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial epigenetic regulators of osteoclast biological behaviors ranging from osteoclast differentiation to bone resorption. The main ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, compose an intricate network that influences gene transcription processes related to osteoclast biological activity. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal osteoclast activity leads to the disturbance of subchondral bone remodeling, thus initiating osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease characterized mainly by cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling imbalance. In this review, we delineate three types of ncRNAs and discuss their related complex molecular signaling pathways associated with osteoclast function during bone resorption. We specifically focused on the involvement of noncoding RNAs in subchondral bone remodeling, which participate in the degradation of the osteochondral unit during OA progression. We also discussed exosomes as ncRNA carriers during the bone remodeling process. A better understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological behaviors will contribute to the treatment of bone resorption-related skeletal diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare & Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen, 518003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xingfu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Deshun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Cao H, Fang B, Wang X, Zhou Y. Sympathetic nervous system contributes to orthodontic tooth movement by central neural regulation from hypothalamus. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1493-1502. [PMID: 33179759 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a specific treatment of malocclusion, whose regulation mechanism is still not clear. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and OTM through the construction of an OTM rat model through the utilization of orthodontic nickeltitanium coiled springs. The results indicated that the stimulation of SNS by dopamine significantly promote the OTM process represented by the much larger distance between the first and second molar compared with mere exertion of orthodontic force. Superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) can alleviate this promotion effect, further proving the role of SNS in the process of OTM. Subsequently, the ability of orthodontic force to stimulate the center of the SNS was visualized by the tyrosin hydroxylase (TH) staining of neurons in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, as well as the up-regulated expression of norepinephrine in local alveolar bone. Moreover, we also elucidated that the stimulation of SNS can promote osteoclast differentiation in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) through regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system, thus promoting the OTM process. In conclusion, this study provided the first evidence for the involvement of the hypothalamus in the promotion effect of SNS on OTM. This work could provide a novel theoretical and experimental basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Rearch Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Rearch Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Rearch Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Compressive force strengthened the pro-inflammatory effect of zoledronic acid on il-1ß stimulated human periodontal fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3453-3461. [PMID: 33169272 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of patients in dentistry taking bisphosphonates (BP) increases every year. There are only little data about the influence of biomechanical stress due to orthodontic treatment and periodontal inflammation in BP patients. This study focused on the effects of the induced inflammation by IL-1ß in compressed human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) exposed to the nitrogen-containing BP zoledronate in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPdLF were incubated with 5 μmol/l zoledronate and 10 ng/ml IL-1ß for 48 h. In the last 3 h, cells were exposed to a compressive, centrifugal force of 34.9 g/cm2. Cell viability was analyzed directly after the compressive force by MTT assay. Gene expression of COX-2 and IL-6 was investigated using quantitative qRT-PCR. PGE-2 and IL-6 protein secretion were measured via ELISA. RESULTS The cell viability of HPdLF was not affected. Without inflammatory pre-stimulation, COX-2 expression was increased by compression and zoledronate. IL-6 expression was increased under compression. On secretion level, the combination of compression and zoledronate induced a slightly increase of IL-6 secretion. In contrast, inflammatory pre-stimulation strengthened the compressive upregulation of COX-2, as well as induced a higher PGE-2 secretion. Further addition of zoledronate to pre-stimulated cells additionally strengthened the compression-induced upregulation of COX-2 and IL-6 expression as well as protein secretion compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical stress might trigger a pro-inflammatory potential of BP further enhanced in the presence of an inflammatory pre-stimulation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To prevent excessive host inflammatory responses, occlusal overloading and mechanical stress due to orthodontic treatment should be avoided in BP patients with untreated periodontitis.
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Djinic Krasavcevic A, Nikolic N, Mijailovic I, Carkic J, Milinkovic I, Jankovic S, Aleksic Z, Milasin J. Impact of Notch signalling molecules and bone resorption regulators on clinical parameters in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:131-138. [PMID: 32936934 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Notch signalling cascade has recently been connected to alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. Hence, the present cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the expression of Notch signalling pathway (Notch 1, Notch 2, Jagged 1, Hes 1, Hey 1) and periodontitis-related (tumor necrosis factor alpha- TNF-α, interleukin 17-IL-17, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-RANKL, osteoprotegerin-OPG) molecules and correlate it with clinical parameters in aggressive (AP) and chronic (CP) periodontitis. Additionally, the aforementioned markers' expression was evaluated in periodontitis patients with different RANKL/OPG ratios. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients were enrolled either in AP or CP group. Clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and plaque index (PI) were recorded for each patient. Total RNA was extracted from gingival crevicular fluid samples. Relative gene expression of investigated markers was determined by reverse transcriptase-real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Significantly higher values of PPD were observed in AP compared to CP (P = .010). Negative correlations between OPG and CAL, and OPG and PI, were found in AP (P = .045, P = .006, respectively), while Hey 1 and PI had a positive correlation (P = .049). In multivariate linear regression analysis, OPG and Notch 2 were predictors of CAL in AP group. TNF-α and IL-17 were higher in RANKL predominant than in OPG predominant cases (P = .007, P = .001, respectively). In RANKL predominant lesions Notch 1 and Jagged 1 were down-regulated in AP compared to CP patients (P = .010, P = .025, respectively). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that changes in Notch 2 expression affected CAL in AP cases hence this molecule could be considered as a contributor to alveolar bone loss. In RANKL-activated settings, the down-regulation of Notch 1 might participate in more severe bone resorption in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djinic Krasavcevic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Mijailovic
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Milinkovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasha Jankovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Aleksic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Boonprakong L, Pavasant P, Egusa H, Osathanon T. NOTCH2 participates in Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13329. [PMID: 32770090 PMCID: PMC7414879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jagged1 activates Notch signaling and subsequently promotes osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs). The present study investigated the participation of the Notch receptor, NOTCH2, in the Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in hPDLs. NOTCH2 and NOTCH4 mRNA expression levels increased during hPDL osteogenic differentiation. However, the endogenous NOTCH2 expression levels were markedly higher compared with NOTCH4. NOTCH2 expression knockdown using shRNA in hPDLs did not dramatically alter their proliferation or osteogenic differentiation compared with the shRNA control. After seeding on Jagged1-immobilized surfaces and maintaining the hPDLs in osteogenic medium, HES1 and HEY1 mRNA levels were markedly reduced in the shNOTCH2-transduced cells compared with the shControl group. Further, shNOTCH2-transduced cells exhibited less alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity and in vitro mineralization than the shControl cells when exposed to Jagged1. MSX2 and COL1A1 mRNA expression after Jagged1 activation were reduced in shNOTCH2-transduced cells. Endogenous Notch signaling inhibition using a γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) attenuated mineralization in hPDLs. DAPT treatment significantly promoted TWIST1, but decreased ALP, mRNA expression, compared with the control. In conclusion, Notch signaling is involved in hPDL osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, NOTCH2 participates in the mechanism by which Jagged1 induced osteogenic differentiation in hPDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Sumrejkanchanakij
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lawan Boonprakong
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Deng L, Guo Y. Estrogen effects on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically-induced root resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104840. [PMID: 32730908 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is an essential regulator of the bone tissue. The remodeling of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament is the basis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). There is a negative coregulation between physiological estrogen levels and the rate of OTM. As a possible inhibitory factor of OTM, estrogen suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation and restraining osteoclast lifespan though multiple pathways and cytokines, leading to the suppression of the initiation step of bone remodeling. On the other hand, estrogen stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and function. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) involves in the osteogenic responses to mechanical stimulation, and the ERα expression is regulated positively by the levels of circulatory estrogen. Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) is a common side-effect of orthodontic treatment. Estrogen may have some inhibitory effects on OIRR, but more studies are needed to get an effective conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wan C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Meng C, Zhang Y, Jiang C. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates M1 macrophage polarization and IL‐1β production in inflammatory root resorption. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:451-460. [PMID: 31976565 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chunyan Wan
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
- Department of Endodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chenda Meng
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Denes BJ, Ait-Lounis A, Wehrle-Haller B, Kiliaridis S. Core Matrisome Protein Signature During Periodontal Ligament Maturation From Pre-occlusal Eruption to Occlusal Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:174. [PMID: 32194440 PMCID: PMC7066325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-occlusal eruption brings the molars into functional occlusion and initiates tensional strains during mastication. We hypothesized that upon establishment of occlusal contact, the periodontal ligament (PDL) undergoes cell and extracellular matrix maturation to adapt to this mechanical function. The PDL of 12 Wistar male rats were laser microdissected to observe the proteomic changes between stages of pre-occlusal eruption, initial occlusal contact and 1-week after occlusion. The proteome was screened by mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunofluorescence. The PDL underwent maturation upon establishment of occlusion. Downregulation of alpha-fetoprotein stem cell marker and protein synthesis markers indicate cell differentiation. Upregulated proteins were components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and were characterized with the matrisome project database. In particular, periostin, a major protein of the PDL, was induced following occlusal contact and localized around collagen α-1 (III) bundles. This co-localization coincided with organization of collagen fibers in direction of the occlusal forces. Establishment of occlusion coincides with cellular differentiation and the maturation of the PDL. Co-localization of periostin and collagen with subsequent fiber organization may help counteract tensional forces and reinforce the ECM structure. This may be a key mechanism of the PDL to adapt to occlusal forces and maintain structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Jozsef Denes
- Department of Orthodontics, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aouatef Ait-Lounis
- Department of Orthodontics, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Kiliaridis
- Department of Orthodontics, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Jakovljevic A, Nikolic N, Carkic J, Andric M, Miletic M, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Jovanovic T, Milasin J. Notch - a possible mediator between Epstein-Barr virus infection and bone resorption in apical periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:126-131. [PMID: 31570027 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1658896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive periapical lesions exhibited higher mRNA levels of Notch signalling molecules (Notch2 and Jagged1), bone resorption regulators (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6) compared to EBV negative lesions. Additionally, the potential correlation between investigated molecules in periapical lesions was analyzed.Materials and methods: Sixty-four apical periodontitis lesions were obtained subsequent to standard apicoectomy procedure. The presence of EBV was determined using nested PCR. Based on the presence of EBV all periapical lesions were divided into two groups, 29 EBV positive and 35 EBV negative lesions. A reverse transcriptase real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA levels of Notch2, Jagged1, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.Results: Significantly higher mRNA levels of Notch2, Jagged1, RANKL and IL-1β were observed in EBV positive compared to EBV negative lesions. Significant positive correlation was present between Notch2 and Jagged1, Jagged1 and RANKL, and IL-β and TNF-α in EBV positive periapical lesions.Conclusions: Notch signalling pathway may be involved in alveolar bone resorption in apical periodontitis lesions infected by EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Andric
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Miletic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic
- Department of Restorative Odontology and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Virusology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Effect of interleukin-33 on cementoblast-mediated cementum repair during orthodontic tooth movement. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104663. [PMID: 31986333 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to uncover the role of interleukin-33 on cementoblast-mediated cementum repair. METHODS 6-8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the model of orthodontic tooth movement. Interleukin-33 and suppression of tumorigenicity2 (ST2) expressions were immunohistochemically detected in the periodontal tissue. In vitro, cementoblast-like (OCCM-30) cells were cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse interleukin-33 protein (rmIL-33) at a 1-14 d time frame. ST2 expressions were immunofluorescently labeled and quantitatively examined. The effects of interleukin-33 on cementoblast differentiation, mineralization and proliferation were examined by alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining and cell counting kit-8, respectively. To further clarify the effect of interleukin-33 on cementogenesis-related protein expressions, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein(BSP), osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-КB ligand (RANKL) expressions were examined by western blot. RESULTS Orthodontic load of high magnitude induces external apical root resorption, and increases interleukin-33 expression in the periodontal tissue of mice. Cells in the cementum express ST2. Interleukin-33 initially down-regulates but later recovers ST2 mRNA and protein levels in OCCM-30 cells. Interleukin-33 abates cementoblast differentiation and mineralization, and suppresses RUNX2, osterix, BSP and osteopontin expressions in OCCM-30 cells at the later stage of the culture period. Interleukin-33 enhances RANKL expression, and reduces the ratio of OPG/RANKL in OCCM-30 cells. CONCLUSION Orthodontic load of high magnitude induces interleukin-33 expression in the periodontal tissue. Interleukin-33 has a negative effect on cementogenesis via suppressing cementoblast differentiation, mineralization and cementogenesis-related protein expressions.
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Wu JY, Li X, Wang CL, Ye L, Yang J. [Research progress on the pathogenesis of inflammatory external root resorption]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:656-659. [PMID: 31875446 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) refers to the pathological process of dissolving the hard tissue on the outer surface of the tooth root by the body's own immune system under the stimulation of various physical and chemical factors such as infection, stress, trauma and orthodontic treatment. Severe IERR can lead to endodontic and periodontal diseases, and even the loss of teeth. Therefore, understanding the etiology and the pathogenic mechanism of IERR are of importance in its prevention and treatment. This article will review the etiology and the regulation mechanisms of IERR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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30
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Bersezio C, Sánchez F, Estay J, Ledezma P, Vernal R, Garlet G, Oliveira OB, Fernández E. Inflammatory markers IL‐1β and RANK‐L assessment after non‐vital bleaching: A 3‐month follow‐up. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:119-126. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bersezio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Sánchez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Estay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Paulina Ledezma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | | | - Eduardo Fernández
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
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Lu C, Chen L, Hua Y. Cystathionine gamma lyase aggravates orthodontic root resorption in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:787. [PMID: 32042803 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the contribution of cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) to physiological and orthodontic root resorption in mice. Methods Mice genetically deficient in the CSE (CSE-/-), the dominant hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-generating enzyme in osteoclast were used in this study. Physiological and orthodontic root resorption was assessed with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the mice at the age of 8-, 26-, and 52-week and in 8-week old mice following 1-, 2-, and 3-week orthodontic treatment, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used for further determination of root resorption and the number of osteoclasts. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) level in surrounding alveolar bone of the maxillary first molar after 2-week orthodontic treatment was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Root resorption lacunae (RRL) gradually and significantly increased with age in wild type (WT) and CSE-/- mice. The CSE-/- showed less RRL compared with the WT group. At each time point of orthodontic treatment, the CSE-/- group had less RRL and osteoclasts than the WT group. The orthodontically induced RANKL/OPG mRNA expression in the periodontal tissue in the CSE-/- group was lower than that in the WT group. Conclusions CSE contributes significantly to physiological and orthodontic root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhu Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yongmei Hua
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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32
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Bersezio C, Estay J, Sáez M, Sánchez F, Vernal R, Fernández E. Six-month Follow-up of the Effect of Nonvital Bleaching on IL-1β and RANK-L: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2019; 44:581-588. [DOI: 10.2341/18-023-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
It has been reported that bleaching generates an increase in the activity of osteoclasts in vitro. We quantified the RANK-L and IL-1β biomarkers in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating the in vivo effect of hydrogen peroxide (35%) and peroxide carbamide (37%) six months after whitening.
Methods and Materials:
Fifty volunteers participated, each with color change in a nonvital tooth. Fifty teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=25), and the teeth were bleached using either 35% hydrogen peroxide (G1) or 37% carbamide peroxide (G2). Intracoronal bleaching was carried out by a technical “walking bleach” over four sessions. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and used to quantify the IL-1β and RANK-L secreted levels. Samples of six periodontal sites (three vestibular and three palatal) were collected for up to six months (at the beginning of the study [baseline] and at one week, one month, and six months posttreatment). The color change was visually monitored using the Vita Bleached Guide (ΔSGU).
Results:
Comparing each time to baseline assessment, a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and RANK-L across time points was detected (p<0.05). The color change was 4 in G1 and G2, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found at the month time point between the groups. Using the Spearman test, a strong correlation (>0.8) between the IL-1β and RANK-L levels in both groups at all time points was detected.
Conclusions:
Nonvital bleaching using a technical walking bleach induces an increase in the IL-1β and RANKL production in periodontal tissues, which persists for six months after treatment. Both biomarkers were highly correlated in both groups and at all time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bersezio
- Cristian Bersezio, DDS, PhD, University of Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Estay
- Juan Estay, DDS, PhD, Universidad de Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sáez
- Mildri Sáez, DDS, University of Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile and Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Paraguay
| | | | - R Vernal
- Rolando Vernal, DDS, MsC, PhD, Conservative Dentistry Departament, University of Chile, and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rabinovich IM, Snegirev MV, Markheev CI. [Dental root resorption etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2019; 98:109-116. [PMID: 31322606 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201998031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The process of resorption of hard tooth tissues is associated with the activity of osteoclasts. However, the initiation of resorption can be caused by many factors acting separately or simultaneously. The paper presents the characteristics of pathological tooth resorption. The main etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, as well as treatment of various forms of tooth resorption are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Rabinovich
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Snegirev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ch I Markheev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Han X, Chen Y. Knockdown of DANCR reduces osteoclastogenesis and root resorption induced by compression force via Jagged1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1759-1769. [PMID: 31213122 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA DANCR has been proven to be involved in osteoblast differentiation. This study aims to investigate the role of DANCR in osteoclast formation and root resorption in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells induced by compression force (CF). Rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model was established. The molecules expressions in the areas of root resorption form OTM model were measured. The number of osteoclasts was measured using Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The bone resorption was detected using pit formation assay. We showed that the expression of DANCR and Jagged1 protein was increased in rat OTM model and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells treated with CF, and CF increased the production of Jagged1, RANKL, and IL-6 from the hPDL cells. Moreover, DANCR could positively regulate Jagged1 protein expression. Knockdown of DANCR could change the promotion effect of CF on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo experiments, while overexpression of Jagged1 reversed si-DANCR effect. Taken together, knockdown of DANCR reduced osteoclast formation and root resorption induced by CF via Jagged1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- a Department of Orthodontics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- a Department of Orthodontics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xinguang Han
- c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Kanzaki H, Wada S, Yamaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Narimiya T, Noda K, Nakamura Y. Compression and tension variably alter Osteoprotegerin expression via miR-3198 in periodontal ligament cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 31041888 PMCID: PMC6449962 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts play a critical role in bone resorption due to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). In OTM, a force is exerted on the tooth, creating compression of the periodontal ligament (PDL) on one side of the tooth, and tension on the other side. In response to these mechanical stresses, the balance of receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) shifts to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism of OPG expression in PDL cells under different mechanical stresses remains unclear. We hypothesized that compression and tension induce different microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles, which account for the difference in OPG expression in PDL cells. To study miRNA expression profiles resulting from OTM, compression force (2 g/cm2) or tension force (15% elongation) was applied to immortalized human PDL (HPL) cells for 24 h, and miRNA extracted. The miRNA expression in each sample was analyzed using a human miRNA microarray, and the changes of miRNA expression were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, miR-3198 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into HPL cells, and OPG expression and production assessed. Results We found that certain miRNAs were expressed differentially under compression and tension. For instance, we observed that miR-572, − 663, − 575, − 3679-5p, UL70-3p, and − 3198 were upregulated only by compression. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed that compression induced miR-3198 expression, but tension reduced it, in HPL cells. Consistent with previous reports, OPG expression was reduced by compression and induced by tension, though RANKL was induced by both compression and tension. OPG expression was upregulated by miR-3198 inhibitor, and was reduced by miR-3198 mimic, in HPL cells. We observed that miR-3198 inhibitor rescued the compression-mediated downregulation of OPG. On the other hand, miR-3198 mimic reduced OPG expression under tension. However, RANKL expression was not affected by miR-3198 inhibitor or mimic. Conclusions We conclude that miR-3198 is upregulated by compression and is downregulated by tension, suggesting that miR-3198 downregulates OPG expression in response to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-oral Disorders, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
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Jakovljevic A, Miletic M, Nikolic N, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Andric M, Milasin J. Notch signaling pathway mediates alveolar bone resorption in apical periodontitis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:87-90. [PMID: 30798925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis represents a chronic inflammatory process within periapical tissues, mostly caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin. Progressive bone resorption in the periapical region represents the hallmark of apical periodontitis and occurs as the consequence of interplay between polymicrobial infections and host response. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved cell-signaling system that plays an important role in a variety of cell functions including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In recent years its involvement in bone homeostasis has attracted a significant consideration. We hypothesized that Notch signaling pathway, which has a complex interplay with proinflammatory cytokines and bone resorption regulators, contributes to alveolar bone resorption via increased Notch receptors on immune cell surface and stimulates Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD) translocation into the nucleus. The potential benefit of medications aimed to down-regulate these pathways in apical periodontitis treatment remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maja Miletic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic
- Department of Restorative Odontology and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Andric
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotica 4, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Nikolic N, Jakovljevic A, Carkic J, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Miletic M, Soldatovic I, Andric M, Ivanovic V, Milasin J. Notch Signaling Pathway in Apical Periodontitis: Correlation with Bone Resorption Regulators and Proinflammatory Cytokines. J Endod 2019; 45:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li M, Zhang C, Yang Y. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:19-31. [PMID: 30800296 PMCID: PMC6359886 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.bjr-2018-0060.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many in vitro studies have investigated the mechanism by which mechanical signals are transduced into biological signals that regulate bone homeostasis via periodontal ligament fibroblasts during orthodontic treatment, but the results have not been systematically reviewed. This review aims to do this, considering the parameters of various in vitro mechanical loading approaches and their effects on osteogenic and osteoclastogenic properties of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS Specific keywords were used to search electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science) for English-language literature published between 1995 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 26 studies from the 555 articles obtained via the database search were ultimately included, and four main types of biomechanical approach were identified. Compressive force is characterized by static and continuous application, whereas tensile force is mainly cyclic. Only nine studies investigated the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament fibroblasts transduce mechanical stimulus. The studies provided evidence from in vitro mechanical loading regimens that periodontal ligament fibroblasts play a unique and dominant role in the regulation of bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies described the characteristics of periodontal ligament fibroblasts exposed to mechanical force. This is expected to benefit subsequent research into periodontal ligament fibroblasts and to provide indirectly evidence-based insights regarding orthodontic treatment. Further studies should be performed to explore the effects of static tension on cytomechanical properties, better techniques for static compressive force loading, and deeper analysis of underlying regulatory systems.Cite this article: M. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Yang. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:19-31. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0060.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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In Vitro Weight-Loaded Cell Models for Understanding Mechanodependent Molecular Pathways Involved in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3208285. [PMID: 30154862 PMCID: PMC6091372 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3208285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from the mesenchymal lineage in the dental area, including but not limited to PDL fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and dental stem cells, are exposed to mechanical stress in physiological (e.g., chewing) and nonphysiological/therapeutic (e.g., orthodontic tooth movement) situations. Close and complex interaction of these different cell types results in the physiological and nonphysiological adaptation of these tissues to mechanical stress. Currently, different in vitro loading models are used to investigate the effect of different types of mechanical loading on the stress adaptation of these cell types. We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify all studies in the field of dentistry with focus on mechanobiology using in vitro loading models applying uniaxial static compressive force. Only studies reporting on cells from the mesenchymal lineage were considered for inclusion. The results are summarized regarding gene expression in relation to force duration and magnitude, and the most significant signaling pathways they take part in are identified using protein-protein interaction networks.
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Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sánchez F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, Jorquera G, Basualdo J, Loguercio A, Fernández E. Does the Use of a "Walking Bleaching" Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent 2018. [PMID: 29533717 DOI: 10.2341/16-334-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide in comparison with 37% carbamide peroxide in a nonvital bleaching technique of "walking bleaching" (four sessions of treatment) on periodontal markers: nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANK-L-process of root resorption marker) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β-inflammatory response marker). METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifty volunteers presenting with discoloration of nonvital teeth and endodontic treatment in good condition participated. Fifty teeth were randomly divided into two study groups according to bleaching gel: HP = 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Nonvital bleaching was performed with a walking bleaching technique consisting of four sessions of bleach application. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken in order to quantify the RANK-L and IL-1β levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were obtained from six periodontal sites for each bleached tooth: three vestibular and three palatine (mesial, middle, and distal) at seven time periods: baseline, after each of the four sessions of nonvital bleaching, at one week, and at one month after nonvital bleaching. Tooth color variations were analyzed in each session by VITA Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER (ΔSGU). RESULTS Significant increments in the RANK-L and IL-1β levels were detected in each evaluated time compared with baseline ( p<0.05); however, no differences were detected between hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide on increments of the biomarkers studied. The change of color was effective for both nonvital bleaching therapies ( p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nonvital bleaching induced a significant increment in the RANK-L and IL-1β levels in periodontal tissues around bleached, nonvital teeth.
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Zhou J, Hu H, Huang R. A pilot study of the metabolomic profiles of saliva from female orthodontic patients with external apical root resorption. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 478:188-193. [PMID: 29291387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIEARR) is one of the most severe complications of orthodontic treatment, which is hard to diagnose at early stage by merely radiographic examination. This study aimed to identify salivary metabolic products using unbiased metabolic profiling in order to discover biomarkers that may indicate OIEARR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva samples were analyzed from 19 healthy orthodontic patients with EARR (n=8) and non-EARR (n=11). Metabolite profiling was performed using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 187 metabolites were found in saliva samples. With supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis and regression analysis, samples from 2 groups were well separated, attributed by a series of metabolites of interest, including butyrate, propane-1,2-diol, α-linolenic acid (Ala), α-glucose, urea, fumarate, formate, guanosine, purine, etc. Indicating the increased inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues possibly associated with energy metabolism and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The effective separation capacity of 1H NMR based metabolomics suggested potential feasibility of clinical application in monitoring periodontal and apical condition in orthodontic patients during treatment and make early diagnosis of OIEARR. Metabolites detected in this study need further validation to identify exact biomarkers of OIEARR. Saliva biomarkers may assist in diagnosis and monitoring of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhou
- Deptment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, PR China.
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Renhuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, PR China
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Notch Signaling Participates in TGF-β-Induced SOST Expression Under Intermittent Compressive Stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2221-2230. [PMID: 27966788 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is regulated by mechanical stimuli in various cell types. It has previously been reported that intermittent compressive stimuli enhanced sclerostin (SOST) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs) by regulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of Notch signaling in the TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. Cells were treated with intermittent compressive stress in a computer-controlled apparatus for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression of the cells were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. In some experiments, the target signaling pathway was impeded by the addition of a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) or a γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). The results demonstrated that hPDLs under intermittent compressive stress exhibited significantly higher NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA expression compared with control, indicating that mechanical stress induced Notch signaling. DAPT pretreatment markedly reduced the intermittent stress-induced SOST expression. The expression of NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA under compressive stress was significantly reduced after pretreatment with SB431542, coinciding with a reduction in SOST expression. Recombinant human TGF-β1 enhanced SOST, Notch receptor, and target gene expression in hPDLs. Further, DAPT treatment attenuated rhTGF-β1-induced SOST expression. In summary, intermittent compressive stress regulates Notch receptor and target gene expression via the TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, Notch signaling participates in TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2221-2230, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Iglesias-Linares A, Hartsfield JK. Cellular and Molecular Pathways Leading to External Root Resorption. J Dent Res 2016; 96:145-152. [PMID: 27811065 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516677539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
External apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment implicates specific molecular pathways that orchestrate nonphysiologic cellular activation. To date, a substantial number of in vitro and in vivo molecular, genomic, and proteomic studies have supplied data that provide new insights into root resorption. Recent mechanisms and developments reviewed here include the role of the cellular component-specifically, the balance of CD68+, iNOS+ M1- and CD68+, CD163+ M2-like macrophages associated with root resorption and root surface repair processes linked to the expression of the M1-associated proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase, the M1 activator interferon γ, the M2 activator interleukin 4, and M2-associated anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 and arginase I. Insights into the role of mesenchymal dental pulp cells in attenuating dentin resorption in homeostasis are also reviewed. Data on recently deciphered molecular pathways are reviewed at the level of (1) clastic cell adhesion in the external apical root resorption process and the specific role of α/β integrins, osteopontin, and related extracellular matrix proteins; (2) clastic cell fusion and activation by the RANKL/RANK/OPG and ATP-P2RX7-IL1 pathways; and (3) regulatory mechanisms of root resorption repair by cementum at the proteomic and transcriptomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iglesias-Linares
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J K Hartsfield
- 2 Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Hikida T, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Yoshino T, Kasai K. Comparisons of orthodontic root resorption under heavy and jiggling reciprocating forces during experimental tooth movement in a rat model. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:228-41. [PMID: 27478800 PMCID: PMC4965594 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root mobility due to reciprocating movement of the tooth (jiggling) may exacerbate orthodontic root resorption (ORR). "Jiggling" describes mesiodistal or buccolingual movement of the roots of the teeth during orthodontic treatment. In the present study, buccolingual movement is described as "jiggling." We aimed to investigate the relationship between ORR and jiggling and to test for positive cell expression in odontoclasts in resorbed roots during experimental tooth movement (jiggling) in vivo. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control, heavy force (HF), optimal force (OF), and jiggling force (JF) groups. The expression levels of cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein, interleukin (IL)-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1; an IL-8-related protein in rodents), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin protein in the dental root were determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On day 21, a greater number of root resorption lacunae, which contained multinucleated odontoclasts, were observed in the palatal roots of rats in the JF group than in rats from other groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the numbers of cathepsin K-positive and MMP-9-positive odontoclasts in the JF group on day 21. Immunoreactivities for IL-6, CINC-1, and RANKL were stronger in resorbed roots exposed to jiggling than in the other groups on day 21. Negative reactivity was observed in the controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that jiggling may induce ORR via inflammatory cytokine production during orthodontic tooth movement, and that jiggling may be a risk factor for ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshino
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
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Liao J, Zhou Z, Huang L, Li Y, Li J, Zou S. 17β-estradiol regulates the differentiation of cementoblasts via Notch signaling cascade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:109-114. [PMID: 27289020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen has been well recognized as a key factor in the homeostasis of bone and periodontal tissue, but the way it regulates the activities of cementoblasts, the cell population maintaining cementum has not been fully understood. In this study, we examined the expression of estrogen receptor in OCCM-30 cells and the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the proliferation and differentiation of OCCM-30 cells. We found that both estrogen receptor α and β were expressed in OCCM-30 cells. E2 exerted no significant influence on the proliferation of OCCM-30 cells, but inhibited the transcription and translation of BSP and Runx2 in the early phase of osteogenic induction except the BSP mRNA. Afterwards in the late phase of osteogenic induction, E2 enhanced the transcription and translation of BSP and Runx2 and promoted the calcium deposition. In addition, the expression level of Notch1, NICD and Hey1 mRNAs responded to exogenous E2 in a pattern similar to that of the osteoblastic markers. DAPT could attenuate the effect of E2 on the expression of osteoblastic markers. These findings indicated that E2 might regulate the differentiation of cementoblasts via Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, The State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Cai Z, Falkensammer F, Andrukhov O, Chen J, Mittermayr R, Rausch-Fan X. Effects of Shock Waves on Expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α Expression by Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:914-21. [PMID: 26994898 PMCID: PMC4805137 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can modulate cell behavior through mechanical information transduction. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) are sensible to mechanical stimulus and can express pro-inflammatory molecules in response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of shock waves on interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression by hPDLF. Material/Methods After being treated by shock waves with different parameters (100–500 times, 0.05–0.19 mJ/mm2), cell viability was tested using CCK-8. IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and IL-6 and IL-8 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points. Results Shock waves with the parameters used in this study had no significant effects on the viability of hPDLF. A statistical inhibition of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α expression during the first few hours was observed (P<0.05). Expression of IL-8 was significantly elevated in the group receiving the most pulses of shock wave (500 times) after 4 h (P<0.05). At 8 h and 24 h, all treated groups demonstrated significantly enhanced IL-6 expression (P<0.05). TNF-α expression in the groups receiving more shock pulses (300, 500 times) or the highest energy shock treatment (0.19 mJ/mm2) was statistically decreased (P<0.05) at 24 h. Conclusions Under the condition of this study, a shock wave with energy density no higher than 0.19 mJ/mm2 and pulses no more than 500 times elicited no negative effects on cell viability of hPDLF. After a uniform initial inhibition impact on expression of inflammatory mediators, a shock wave could cause dose-related up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 and down-regulation of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Frank Falkensammer
- Department of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Centre of Periodontal Research, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Rainer Mittermayr
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/Austrian Workers' Compensation Board (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Competence Centre of Periodontal Research, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The mineralized structure of bone undergoes constant remodeling by the balanced actions of bone-producing osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). Physiologic bone remodeling occurs in response to the body's need to respond to changes in electrolyte levels, or mechanical forces on bone. There are many pathological conditions, however, that cause an imbalance between bone production and resorption due to excessive OCL action that results in net bone loss. Situations involving chronic or acute inflammation are often associated with net bone loss, and research into understanding the mechanisms regulating this bone loss has led to the development of the field of osteoimmunology. It is now evident that the skeletal and immune systems are functionally linked and share common cells and signaling molecules. This review discusses the signaling system of immune cells and cytokines regulating aberrant OCL differentiation and activity. The role of these cells and cytokines in the bone loss occurring in periodontal disease (PD) (chronic inflammation) and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) (acute inflammation) is then described. The review finishes with an exploration of the emerging role of Notch signaling in the development of the immune cells and OCLs that are involved in osteoimmunological bone loss and the research into Notch signaling in OTM and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Tompkins
- a Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Subbalekha K, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Jagged1 inhibits osteoprotegerin expression by human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:789-799. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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49
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Jules J, Yang S, Chen W, Li YP. Role of Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins in Bone Physiology and Pathophysiology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:47-75. [PMID: 26123302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins enhance the intrinsic GTPase activity of α subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein complex of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and thereby inactivate signal transduction initiated by GPCRs. The RGS family consists of nearly 37 members with a conserved RGS homology domain which is critical for their GTPase accelerating activity. RGS proteins are expressed in most tissues, including heart, lung, brain, kidney, and bone and play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In skeletal development and bone homeostasis as well as in many bone disorders, RGS proteins control the functions of various GPCRs, including the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 and calcium-sensing receptor and also regulate various critical signaling pathways, such as Wnt and calcium oscillations. This chapter will discuss the current findings on the roles of RGS proteins in regulating signaling of key GPCRs in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. We also will examine the current updates of RGS proteins' regulation of calcium oscillations in bone physiology and highlight the roles of RGS proteins in selected bone pathological disorders. Despite the recent advances in bone and mineral research, RGS proteins remain understudied in the skeletal system. Further understanding of the roles of RGS proteins in bone should not only provide great insights into the molecular basis of various bone diseases but also generate great therapeutic drug targets for many bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jules
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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