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Calabrese TC, Rothermund K, Gabe CM, Beniash E, Davidson LA, Syed-Picard FN. Self-Assembly of Tooth Root Organoid from Postnatal Human Dental Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:404-414. [PMID: 38126312 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Challenges remain in simultaneously regenerating the multiple diverse tissues of the tooth root in a spatially organized manner. Previously, our research group has established that scaffold-free tissue engineering approaches enable dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs) to self-assemble into dentin-pulp and PDL-cementum organoids, respectively. In this study, we leveraged the innate self-organizing capacity of DPSCs and PDLSCs to now engineer organoids that resemble the full tooth root. Scaffold-free engineered tissues were generated using a heterogeneous mixture of human DPSCs and PDLSCs. Within 2 days of construct formation, PDLSCs and DPSCs became spatially restricted to the periphery and center of the constructs, respectively, emulating their anatomical positions in the tooth root. Histological and microcomputed tomography analyses showed that organoids exhibited a striated mineral pattern with a central unmineralized core, surrounded by a mineralized tissue structure, enclosed within a second peripheral unmineralized tissue, similar to the natural tooth root. Interestingly, DPSCs gave rise to the central unmineralized tissue and the inner portion of the mineralized tissue, and PDLSCs generated the outer portion of the mineralized tissue and the peripheral soft tissue. Quantitative image analysis of immunofluorescent staining revealed increased dentin sialophosphoprotein expression in the region of mineralized tissue associated with DPSCs and increased cementum protein-1 expression in the portion formed by PDLSCs, demonstrating that tooth root organoids comprise two biochemically distinct mineralized tissues characteristic of dentin-like and cementum-like structures, respectively. In addition, PDL-associated protein-1 expression was localized to the peripheral soft tissue, suggesting the formation of a rudimentary PDL-like structure. This study demonstrates that DPSCs and PDLSCs have an inherent ability to orchestrate the formation of a full tooth root-like structure. These organoids present a biomimetic model system to study cellular dynamics driving dental tissue repair or could be utilized therapeutically as biological dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia C Calabrese
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristi Rothermund
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire M Gabe
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fatima N Syed-Picard
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li Y, Li X, Guo D, Meng L, Feng X, Zhang Y, Pan S. Immune dysregulation and macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1291880. [PMID: 38347915 PMCID: PMC10859439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1291880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "peri-implantitis" (peri-implantitis) refers to an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant and a progressive loss of the peri-implant bone that supports the implant. Recently, it has been suggested that the increased sensitivity of implants to infection and the quick elimination of supporting tissue after infection may be caused by a dysregulated peri-implant mucosal immune response. Macrophages are polarized in response to environmental signals and play multiple roles in peri-implantitis. In peri-implantitis lesion samples, recent investigations have discovered a considerable increase in M1 type macrophages, with M1 type macrophages contributing to the pro-inflammatory response brought on by bacteria, whereas M2 type macrophages contribute to inflammation remission and tissue repair. In an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and suggest potential immunomodulatory treatments for peri-implantitis in the direction of macrophage polarization patterns, this review summarizes the research findings related to macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis and compares them with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxia Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Becker C, Adam A, Dommisch H, Stach T, Schaefer AS. In vitro induction of Entamoeba gingivalis cyst-like structures from trophozoites in response to antibiotic treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1201394. [PMID: 37469604 PMCID: PMC10352839 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1201394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is an anaerobic protozoan that is strongly associated with inflamed periodontal pockets. It is able to invade the mucosal epithelium of the human host, where it can feed on epithelial cells and elicit a severe innate immune response. Unlike other Entamoeba species, it is considered that E. gingivalis cannot form cysts, because it is a non-infectious protozoan. The lack of encystation capability would make it susceptible to periodontal treatment. However, it is not clear how the human host becomes infected with E. gingivalis trophozoites. We investigated the ability of E. gingivalis to encapsulate in response to an unfavorable environment in vitro. Methods Different strains of E. gingivalis, isolated from inflamed periodontal pocket samples, were cultured for 8 days in the presence or absence of the antimicrobials amoxycillin and metronidazole. To reveal cyst formation, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the amoeba by light, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We also used the fluorescent dye calcofluor white M2R to demonstrate chitin present in the cyst wall. Results We observed exocysts and an intra-cystic space separating the encapsulated trophozoite from the environment. Remarkably, cysts showed a smooth surface, polygonal edges and smaller size compared to free-living trophozoites. In addition, encapsulated trophozoites that detached from the cyst wall had a dense cytoplasma without phagocytic vesicles. The cyst walls consisted of chitin as in other Entamoba species. The encapsulated trophozoids were mononuclear after antibioticinduced encapsulation. Discussion We conclude that E. gingivalis cyst formation has significant implications for dissemination and infection and may explain why established treatment approaches often fail to halt periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Becker
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysegül Adam
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Stach
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne S. Schaefer
- Molecular Genetics of Oral Inflammatory Diseases Group, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Heyman O, Horev Y, Mizraji G, Haviv Y, Shapira L, Wilensky A. Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri-implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1217-1228. [PMID: 35762068 PMCID: PMC9804794 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aetiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis are currently under active research. This study aimed to dissect the pathogenesis of murine experimental peri-implantitis and assess Resolvin D2 (RvD2) as a new treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four weeks following titanium implant insertion, mice were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis using single or multiple oral lavages. RvD2 was administrated following infection, and tissues were analysed using flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, taxonomic profiling, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Repeated infections with Pg resulted in microbial dysbiosis and a higher influx of innate and adaptive leukocytes to the peri-implant mucosa (PIM) than to gingiva surrounding the teeth. This was accompanied by increased expression levels of IFN-α, IL-1β, and RANKL\OPG ratio. Interestingly, whereas repetitive infections resulted in bone loss around implants and teeth, a single infection induced bone loss only around implants, suggesting a higher susceptibility of the implants to infection. Treatment with RvD2 prevented Pg-driven bone loss and reduced leukocyte infiltration to the PIM. CONCLUSIONS Murine dental implants are associated with dysregulated local immunity and increase susceptibility to pathogen-induced peri-implantitis. However, the disease can be prevented by RvD2 treatment, highlighting the promising therapeutic potential of this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yael Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gabriel Mizraji
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaron Haviv
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Cheng X, Zhou X, Liu C, Xu X. Oral Osteomicrobiology: The Role of Oral Microbiota in Alveolar Bone Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:751503. [PMID: 34869060 PMCID: PMC8635720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.751503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomicrobiology is a new research field in which the aim is to explore the role of microbiota in bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone is that part of the maxilla and mandible that supports the teeth. It is now evident that naturally occurring alveolar bone loss is considerably stunted in germ-free mice compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. Recently, the roles of oral microbiota in modulating host defense systems and alveolar bone homeostasis have attracted increasing attention. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of oral microbiota in mediating alveolar bone remodeling processes is undergoing rapid progress due to the advancement in technology. In this review, to provide insight into the role of oral microbiota in alveolar bone homeostasis, we introduced the term “oral osteomicrobiology.” We discussed regulation of alveolar bone development and bone loss by oral microbiota under physiological and pathological conditions. We also focused on the signaling pathways involved in oral osteomicrobiology and discussed the bridging role of osteoimmunity and influencing factors in this process. Finally, the critical techniques for osteomicrobiological investigations were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jiang J, Gao G, Wang Q. Levels of SERPIN family proteins in peri-implant crevicular fluid in patients with peri-implantitis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23926. [PMID: 34347896 PMCID: PMC8418482 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) family has been discovered in many disorders with proteolysis mechanisms. Our study determined the SERPINBs protein expression via public‐based GEO databases and further validated by peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of peri‐implantitis patients and healthy recruiters. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis. A total of 123 participants of Fujian Medical University Fujian Stomatological Hospital, consisting of 58 cases of peri‐implantitis and 65 samples of healthy control were retrospectively analyzed by ELISA assays and explored the gene enrichment pathways and clinical significance of SERPINBs expression accompanied by two different cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α). Moreover, the clinical significance of SERPINBs was evaluated in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF samples by the receiver operating curve (ROC) using the area under the curve (AUC). Results KEGG database showed that Starch and sucrose metabolism, Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, Prion diseases, Pentose phosphate pathways, and Olfactory pathways are up‐regulated; GO database showed that synapse organization, synapse assembly, sequestering of triglyceride, sensory perception of smell, and regulation of synapse organization pathways are up‐regulated. SERPINBs were overexpressed in peri‐implant tissues and peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. SERPINBs was positively correlated to IL‐6 and TNF‐α in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. The ROC‐AUCs of SERPINBs achieved a significantly higher range from 0.895 to 0.939 in peri‐implantitis patients with PICF. Therefore, certain SERPINBs expressions were not only perceived through PICF and peri‐implant tissues but also showed potential significance in peri‐implantitis. Conclusion SERPINBs play an influential role in the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis via binding with other inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Jiang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Fujian Stomatological Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Gao
- Rengde Outpatient Clinic, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Fujian Stomatological Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Chen C, Jiang Z, Jiang Q, Dai W, Shao Q, Chen Q, Wang Y, Yang G. Caspase-3 and gasdermin E detection in peri-implantitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166217. [PMID: 34273529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis could lead to progressive bone loss and implant failure; however, the mechanism of peri-implantitis remains unclear. Based on emerging evidence, pyroptosis, a novel proinflammatory programmed death, contributes to different oral infectious diseases. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of cleaved caspase-3 and gasdermin E (GSDME) in peri-implantitis and established a pyroptosis model in vitro. By collecting and examining the inflamed biopsies around peri-implantitis, we found that the pyroptosis-related markers (caspase-3, GSDME, and IL-1β) were enhanced relative to levels in control individuals. Furthermore, human gingival epithelium cells (HGECs) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) exhibited pyroptosis morphological changes (cell swelling and balloon-shaped bubbles) and upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related markers. Pretreated with Ac-DEVD-CHO (a caspase-3 inhibitor) or GSDME small interference RNA (siRNA) were found to attenuate pyroptosis in HGECs. In conclusion, our findings revealed a high expression of caspase-3 and GSDME in the inflamed biopsies of peri-implantitis and confirmed that the caspase-3/GSDME pathway mediates TNF-α-triggered pyroptosis in human gingival epithelium cells, which provides a new target for peri-implantitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhen Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Zubeidat K, Hovav AH. Shaped by the epithelium - postnatal immune mechanisms of oral homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:622-634. [PMID: 34083119 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first encounter of mucosal barriers with the microbiota initiates host-microbiota feedback loops instructing the tailored development of both the immune system and microbiota at each mucosal site. Once established, balanced immunological interactions enable symbiotic relationships with the microbiota in adult life. This process has been extensively investigated in the mammalian monolayer epithelium-covered intestine and lung mucosae; however, the postnatal mechanisms engaged by the oral mucosa to establish homeostasis are currently being discovered. Here, we discuss the early life dialogue between the oral mucosa and the microbiota, with particular emphasis on the central role the multilayer epithelium plays to protect the oral mucosa. These intricate and unique postnatal immunological processes shape oral homeostasis, which can potentially affect buccal and systemic health in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zubeidat
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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