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Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19726. [PMID: 36396733 PMCID: PMC9672393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.
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do Nascimento PRL, de Gouvêa LV, Leite TRS, Teixeira ALDS, da Silva PCAR, Filho JADF, Helayel MJSA, Júnior AN, da Cunha IM, Mendonça JDS, Silva PL, Lessa DAB. Cardiorespiratory effects of different intraabdominal pressures in sheep: An experimental study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15506. [PMID: 36353885 PMCID: PMC9647340 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopy can reduce venous return, but changes in respiratory system mechanics and their effect in left cardiac function are not well documented. This study evaluated the effects of different IAPs on respiratory mechanics and cardiac function in 10 healthy nonpregnant adult Santa Ines ewes randomly submitted to a crossover study using different IAPs: 0 mm Hg (G1), 10 mm Hg (G2), 12 mmHg (G3), and 15 mmHg (G4). Animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure = 3 cmH2 O; FiO2 = 1.0). Pneumoperitoneum was induced by Hasson's trocar cannula. Variables were measured at INITIAL (IAP, 0 mmHg) and FINAL time points for each IAP after 1 h. At FINAL, driving airway pressure (ΔP,RS ), and percentage fraction of dead space (Vd/Vt) were higher in G3 and G4 than G1 (p = 0.002, difference in means [MD] 4.60, 95% CI: 7.91-1.28, and p < 0.001, MD 5.4, 95% CI: 8.7-2.0; p = 0.016, MD -9.5, 95% CI: -17.9 to -1.2; and p = 0.027, MD -8.7, 95% CI: -17.1 to -0.4). The ejection fraction and fractional shortening were lower in G3 (p = 0.039, MD -11.38, 95% CI: -0.07--22.68; p = 0.015, MD -13.05, 95% CI: -1.74--24.36) and G4 (p = 0.039, MD -9.94, 95% CI: -0.07 to -19.80; p = 0.015, MD -11.43, 95%CI: -1.57 to -21.30, respectively) than G2. In G3, the maximum pulmonary flow velocity correlated negatively with ΔP,RS (r = -0.740; p = 0.018), and Vd/Vt correlated positively with ΔP,RS (r = 0.738, p = 0.046). At IAP of 12 and 15 mm Hg impaired respiratory system mechanics, reduced left cardiac function and no change in maximum pulmonary artery flow velocity were detected. Therefore, respiratory mechanics should be monitored as an interplay to reduce left cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. L. do Nascimento
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Liana V. de Gouvêa
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Thiago R. S. Leite
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - André L. de Sousa Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Paulo C. A. R. da Silva
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - José A. D. F. Filho
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Michel J. S. A. Helayel
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Amary N. Júnior
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Isabelle M. da Cunha
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Júlia de Souza Mendonça
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
| | - Pedro L. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Daniel A. B. Lessa
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFluminense Federal UniversityNiteróiRJBrazil
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Mandour AS, Samir H, Yoshida T, Matsuura K, Abdelmageed HA, Elbadawy M, Al-Rejaie S, El-Husseiny HM, Elfadadny A, Ma D, Takahashi K, Watanabe G, Tanaka R. Assessment of the Cardiac Functions Using Full Conventional Echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging before and after Xylazine Sedation in Male Shiba Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2320. [PMID: 33297474 PMCID: PMC7762359 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide a complete conventional echocardiographic protocol in adult male Shiba goats by using two-dimensional, M-mode, Pulsed Wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography, and to study concomitantly xylazine-induced alteration of cardiac functions in a highly sensitive species. For this purpose, 12 male Shiba goats were included and complete conventional echocardiography from the standard right and left parasternal views was carried to report the echocardiographic data in male Shiba goats, and also before and after xylazine (Pre-Xyl and Post-Xyl) administration (0.05 mg/IM/kg). Results revealed that the full echocardiographic protocol was feasible in all goats through different cardiac windows and good Doppler alignment was achieved with non-significant variability for assessment of the left ventricular dimensions, trans-pulmonary, trans-aortic, and trans-mitral blood flow. The TDI, which was not reported previously in goats, was successfully assessed from the standard left apical view and showed distinct systolic and diastolic patterns. Xylazine administration was found to significantly reduce heart rate, fractional shortening, and cardiac output as well as the Doppler hemodynamic parameters of the pulmonary artery, aortic and mitral inflows (p < 0.05). For TDI, the Post-Xyl group revealed a significant decrease in the myocardial velocities of the septal and lateral wall of the left ventricle. The present study provides, for the first time, complete data of conventional echocardiography in male goats using the full protocol, which is routinely used in pet's practice. Further, we illustrate in-depth the adverse effect of short-term sedative, xylazine, as used under field conditions and emphasize a simultaneous reduction in both systolic and diastolic cardiac function in goats based on full echocardiography assessment of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
| | - Hend A. Abdelmageed
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia lab, First District, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt;
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt;
| | - Danfu Ma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.M.); (H.M.E.-H.); (D.M.)
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Kim DH, Morris B, Guerrero JL, Sullivan SM, Hung J, Levine RA. Ovine Model of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1816:295-308. [PMID: 29987829 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a common complication of ischemic heart disease that doubles mortality after myocardial infarction and is a major driving factor increasing heart failure. IMR is caused by left ventricular (LV) remodeling which displaces the papillary muscles that tether the mitral valve leaflets and restrict their closure. IMR frequently recurs even after surgical treatment. Failed repair associates with lack of reduction or increase in LV remodeling, and increased heart failure and related readmissions. Understanding mechanistic and molecular mechanisms of IMR has largely attributed to the development of large animal models. Newly developed therapeutic interventions targeted to the primary causes can also be tested in these models. The sheep is one of the most suitable models for the development of IMR. In this chapter, we describe the protocols for inducing IMR in sheep using surgical ligation of obtuse marginal branches. After successful posterior myocardial infarction involving posterior papillary muscle, animals develop significant mitral regurgitation around 2 months after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Kim
- Cardiac Imaging Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittan Morris
- Surgical Cardiovascular Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Luis Guerrero
- Surgical Cardiovascular Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Sullivan
- Surgical Cardiovascular Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy Hung
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Singh P, Jadon NS, Bodh D, Kandpal M. M-mode echocardiographic reference values in Pantja goats. Vet World 2017; 10:22-28. [PMID: 28246444 PMCID: PMC5301175 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.22-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to establish M-mode echocardiographic reference values in Pantja goats and to study the effect of gender and body weight (BW) on these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 18, clinically healthy, adult Pantja goats of either sex, aged 2-4 years and weighing 10-44 kg were included in the study. Echocardiographic examination was performed in the standing unsedated animal. All measurements were made from the right parasternal long-axis left ventricular outflow tract view of the heart. The following parameters were recorded: Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole and systole, interventricular septal thickness at diastole and systole, left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness at diastole and systole, end diastolic and systolic volumes, stroke volume, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, percent systolic thickening of interventricular septum, percent systolic thickening of LVPW, cardiac output, left atrial (LA) diameter at diastole and systole, aortic (AO) root diameter at diastole and systole, LA/AO, LA posterior wall thickness at diastole and systole, left ventricular ejection time, DE amplitude, EF slope, AC interval and e-point to septal separation. Results: This study demonstrated specific reference ranges of M-mode echocardiographic parameters and indices in healthy Pantja goats. Normal echocardiographic values obtained in Pantja goats were quite different from other goat breeds. Gender had no influence on echocardiographic parameters, while high correlations were found between most echocardiographic parameters and BW. Conclusion: The echocardiographic values obtained in the study may serve as a reference for future studies in this breed, for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and for utilizing the goat as a model for cardiac disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narendra Singh Jadon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepti Bodh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manjul Kandpal
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
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Maschietto N, Semplicini L, Ceolotto G, Cattelan A, Poser Dvm H, Iacopetti I, Gerardi G, De Benedictis GM, Pilla T, Bernardini D, Aresu L, Rizzo S, Basso C, Semplicini A, Milanesi O. Aortic stenting in the growing sheep causes aortic endothelial dysfunction but not hypertension: Clinical implications for coarctation repair. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2016; 12:74-83. [PMID: 27600478 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stent implantation is the treatment of choice for adolescents and adults with aortic coarctation (CoAo). Despite excellent short-term results, 20%-40% of the patients develop arterial hypertension later in life, which was attributed to inappropriate response of the aortic baroreceptors to increased stiffness of the ascending aorta (ASAO), either congenital or induced by CoAo repair. In particular, it has been hypothesized that stent itself may cause or sustain hypertension. Therefore, we aimed to study the hemodynamic and structural impact following stent implantation in the normal aorta of a growing animal. METHODS Eight female sheep completed the study and a stent was implanted in four. Every 3 mo we measured blood pressure of the anterior and posterior limbs and left ventricular function by echocardiography. Twelve months later invasive pressure was measured under baseline and simulated stress conditions. Expression of genes indicating oxidative stress (OS), endothelial dysfunction (ED) and stiffness, as well as pathological examination were performed in ascending (ASAO) and descending aorta (DSAO). RESULTS SOD1 and MMP9 gene expression were higher in ASAO of the stented animals, compared to DSAO and controls, while NOS3 was decreased. No differences were found in blood pressure and echocardiographic parameters. No histological differences were found in the aorta of the two groups of animals. CONCLUSIONS Stent does not affect central and peripheral hemodynamics, cardiac structure and function even in the long term. However, the finding of markers of OS and increased stiffness of ASAO, proximal to the stent, points to molecular mechanisms for increased cardiovascular risk of patients with stented CoAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maschietto
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Helen Poser Dvm
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pilla
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Bernardini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative BioMedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Milanesi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Barka N, Bourgoin J, Grassl E, St Cyr JA. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve annular and left ventricular outflow tract diameter in conscious and anesthetized adult sheep prior to prosthetic aortic valve implantation. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 10:185-91. [PMID: 26702146 PMCID: PMC5942622 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715622919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prosthetic heart valve implantation is commonly performed in patients that have valvular heart disease. Prior to clinical evaluation of newly developed prostheses, preclinical animal studies are performed for the assessment of both acute and chronic valvular function. Commonly, one size of valve is used in these preclinical studies, which can present difficulties with the implantation procedure and assessing valve function. Due to these potential problems, we developed a preoperative screening assessment in potential ovine candidates for prosthetic aortic valve implantation. By determining if there is a correlation between conscious and anesthetized echocardiographic examinations, an improvement in surgical confidence can predict that the animal is deemed a suitable candidate for a particular size of prosthetic valve for implantation prior to subjecting the animal to anesthesia and surgery. METHODS A total of 53 crossbred sheep (Ovis aries), male and female, 10-37 months of age, weighing between 41 and 77 kg, underwent conscious echocardiography and a subset of 29 of these animals underwent echocardiographic assessment under anesthesia for a preoperative valve size comparison in these animals prior to surgical prosthetic aortic valve implantation. Using 2D echocardiographic assessment, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimensions were assessed. RESULTS The mean paired difference between anesthetized and conscious LVOT diameter measurement was -0.87 mm (p = 0.0066, standard deviation 1.598, 95% confidence interval, -0.4796, -0.26378, n = 29). CONCLUSION This pilot study evaluation revealed that conscious echocardiographic assessment can play a role preoperatively in selecting potential candidates for surgical prosthetic aortic valve implantation, thereby minimizing the potential in prosthetic-native annular mismatching, which can contribute to altered LVOT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Barka
- Physiological Research Laboratories, Medtronic PLC, 710 Medtronic Parkway Northeast, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - Jason Bourgoin
- Physiological Research Laboratories, Medtronic PLC., Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erin Grassl
- Physiological Research Laboratories, Medtronic PLC., Minneapolis, MN, USA
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