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Djordjević M, Memisevic H, Potic S, Djuric U. Exercise-Based Interventions Aimed at Improving Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 129:90-119. [PMID: 34936828 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211060231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have deficits in motor skills, especially balance. This article presents a meta-analytic review of 15 intervention studies that aimed to improve balance in children and adolescents with ASD. Across these studies, there were 195 participants with ASD for whom pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores were available. We measured the standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) between their pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores and found a large, positive effect from these balance interventions (standardized mean difference-1.82 (95% CI [1.34, 2.29])). Various balance intervention procedures were shown to be very efficacious for children and adolescents with ASD. Clearly, balance is a motor skill that is very susceptible to intervention efforts. We also provided recommendations to researchers regarding what information to include when conducting intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Djordjević
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 54801University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Haris Memisevic
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 112354University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srecko Potic
- High Medical College for Professional Studies "Milutin Milanković", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Djuric
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 54801University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
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Carsone B, Green K, Torrence W, Henry B. Systematic Review of Visual Motor Integration in Children with Developmental Disabilities. Occup Ther Int 2021; 2021:1801196. [PMID: 34381323 PMCID: PMC8321716 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1801196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Original research articles regarding visual motor integration skills in children with developmental disabilities and the impact of occupational therapy were identified, appraised, and synthesized. Twenty-four articles were chosen for this review. Themes were noted during the critique of articles. Three themes emerged: "age," "gender," and "diagnosis." Regarding the impact on visual motor integration, there was strong evidence for age, moderate evidence for gender, and strong evidence for diagnosis. Future research investigating visual motor integration in children should control for age and diagnosis.
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Top E. Fine motor skills and attention level of individuals with mild intellectual disability getting education in inclusive classrooms and special education schools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:248-255. [PMID: 37025344 PMCID: PMC10071985 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1953940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the difference between fine motor skills and attention levels of children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) who get education in inclusive classrooms and special education schools and the relationship between fine motor skills and attention levels were analysed. A total of 176 children with MID between the ages of 9-14, who get education in inclusive classrooms (n = 96) and special education schools (N = 80), participated in the study. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Version (BOT-2) and Bourdon Attention Tests were applied as data tools. Fine Motor Precision (FMP), Fine Motor Integration (FMI) and Attention levels of the children in inclusive classrooms were higher than those who get education at special education schools (p < .05). In all parameters of the children of inclusive classrooms and special education schools (except the parameters of FMP-6: Folding Paper and FMI-8: Copying Overlapping Pencils), there was a positive correlation between attention and fine motor skill values (p < .05). The fact that children with MID get inclusive education with typically developing peers contributes more to these individuals in terms of fine motor skills and attention parameters. However, more extensive work is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Top
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
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Ahn SN. Combined Effects of Virtual Reality and Computer Game-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Development of Visual-Motor Integration in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study. Occup Ther Int 2021; 2021:6696779. [PMID: 34316294 PMCID: PMC8275384 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual-motor integration is a good indicator of a child's overall developmental and functional level. This study investigated the combined effects of virtual reality (VR) and computer game-based cognitive therapy on the development of visual-motor integration in children with intellectual disabilities. METHODS The study used a single-group pre-post study design and 13 children with intellectual disabilities who were recruited from a community rehabilitation center participated in the study. We used the Wii VR video game and the CoTras computer game to deliver cognitive therapy over 12 sessions. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) was used to evaluate motor function related to visual-motor integration to identify changes in function, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2) was used to assess changes in visual perception function associated with visual-motor integration. RESULTS The VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy has shown significant difference in total standard score of BOT-2 associated with visual-motor integration representing improved motor function (p < 0.01). Comparison of the DTVP-2 scores showed the significant difference in visual-motor integration of spatial relation and visual-motor speed (p < 0.05), motor-reduced visual perception (p < 0.01), and general visual perception (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study provide useful evidence supporting the possibility of combined VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy for children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-nae Ahn
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Bueichekú E, Aznárez-Sanado M, Diez I, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Ortiz-Terán L, Qureshi AY, Suñol M, Basaia S, Ortiz-Terán E, Pastor MA, Sepulcre J. Central neurogenetic signatures of the visuomotor integration system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6836-6843. [PMID: 32144139 PMCID: PMC7104395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912429117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visuomotor impairments characterize numerous neurological disorders and neurogenetic syndromes, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Dravet, Fragile X, Prader-Willi, Turner, and Williams syndromes. Despite recent advances in systems neuroscience, the biological basis underlying visuomotor functional impairments associated with these clinical conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we used neuroimaging connectomic approaches to map the visuomotor integration (VMI) system in the human brain and investigated the topology approximation of the VMI network to the Allen Human Brain Atlas, a whole-brain transcriptome-wide atlas of cortical genetic expression. We found the genetic expression of four genes-TBR1, SCN1A, MAGEL2, and CACNB4-to be prominently associated with visuomotor integrators in the human cortex. TBR1 gene transcripts, an ASD gene whose expression is related to neural development of the cortex and the hippocampus, showed a central spatial allocation within the VMI system. Our findings delineate gene expression traits underlying the VMI system in the human cortex, where specific genes, such as TBR1, are likely to play a central role in its neuronal organization, as well as on specific phenotypes of neurogenetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Bueichekú
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Maite Aznárez-Sanado
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Neurotechnology Laboratory, Health Department, Tecnalia, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Federico d'Oleire Uquillas
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Laura Ortiz-Terán
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA 02115
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160
| | - Maria Suñol
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ortiz-Terán
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maria A Pastor
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
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Frndak S, Barg G, Canfield RL, Quierolo EI, Mañay N, Kordas K. Latent subgroups of cognitive performance in lead- and manganese-exposed Uruguayan children: Examining behavioral signatures. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:188-198. [PMID: 30978412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are confirmed neurotoxins but it is unclear to what extent low-level exposure produces a unique behavioral signature. The objective of this study was to investigate latent cognitive profiles among children (6-8 years) from Montevideo, Uruguay co-exposed to these metals. METHOD Among 345 children, blood Pb and hair Mn were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and ICP-MS, respectively. Sixteen measures, reflecting multiple domains of cognitive functioning were gathered: (1) three tests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP) and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), (2) ten tasks from Woodcock-Muñoz Achievement Battery, Revised (WM): Visual-Motor Integration, Verbal Comprehension (Vocabulary, Synonyms, Antonyms, Analogies), Visual-Auditory Comprehension, Concept Formation, Visual Spatial Thinking, Number Inversion and Spatial Relations, (3) Bender Gestalt task, and (4) Weschler block design task. Scores were modeled using latent profile analysis (LPA). Association between blood Pb and hair Mn on performance profiles was assessed using ordinal regression, controlling for confounders. An interaction between Pb and Mn was tested. RESULTS Mean ± SD of blood Pb was 4.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL and 35% of children had blood Pb ≥ 5 μg/dL. Median [5%, 95%] hair Mn level was 0.8 [0.3, 4.1] ppb. Three latent cognitive performance profiles were identified: high (n = 46, 13%), average (n = 209, 61%) and low (n = 90, 26%). Each one-unit increase in blood Pb was associated with a 28% greater likelihood of belonging to a poorer-performing profile. The association was non-linear, with the effect of Pb on profile membership strongest at lower levels of exposure. There was no meaningful interaction between Pb and Mn. CONCLUSIONS A behavioral signature for low-level Pb & Mn exposure was not identified, but the likelihood of membership in low-performing profile was higher at lowest levels of blood Pb. There was no effect measure modification between Pb and Mn. Future research should address how complex environments created by chemical exposures and the social context relate to cognitive performance in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Frndak
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neurocognition, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Elena I Quierolo
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
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