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Black MH, Helander J, Segers J, Ingard C, Bervoets J, de Puget VG, Bölte S. Resilience in the face of neurodivergence: A scoping review of resilience and factors promoting positive outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 113:102487. [PMID: 39178757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Neurodivergent individuals, including a range of conditions impacting neurological function, are at an increased likelihood of poor life outcomes, such as in functional adaptation, mental health, and well-being. Yet, many live meaningful and fulfilling lives. Resilience may provide some explanation for the heterogeneity in outcomes observed in neurodivergent populations. We conducted a scoping review embedded in a neurodiversity-affirmative approach to provide an understanding of resilience in neurodivergent populations. A total of 176 articles were included in this review and were synthesized using a two-phased process. First, findings were synthesized narratively to examine how resilience has been conceptualized and explored in neurodivergent populations. Second, to identify the bio-psycho-social factors important for resilience in neurodivergent individuals, we converted concepts identified in articles to the nomenclature of the World Health Organizations' International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) using a standardized linking process. We find considerable variability in how resilience is conceptualized and measured in neurodivergent populations. We identified 83 unique ICF categories representing resilience factors, of which only 20 appeared in more than 5% of the articles. Identified ICF categories highlight the importance of support systems such as families and friends, community participation and acceptance, and individual capabilities for resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Black
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Helander
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Habilitation and Health, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Segers
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Ingard
- Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Jo Bervoets
- University of Antwerp, Department of Philosophy, Compost Collective, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Tu WM, Liu Y, Ruvalcaba Diaz S. Academic motivation and contextual influences in well-being for students with disabilities in higher education. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39303075 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2404932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to utilize self-determination theory (SDT) incorporating the person-environment contextual factors as a framework to examine how the SDT factors may interact with functional disability and contextual factors to influence well-being for students with disabilities in higher education. Methods and participants: A quantitative descriptive design utilizing a convenience sample of 210 students with disabilities in higher education was used. Results: The final regression model accounted for 64% of the variance in well-being. When controlling for all other predictor variables in the model, functional disability, autonomy, learning competence, and relatedness were found to be predictive of well-being, with autonomy being the strongest predictor of well-being, followed by relatedness, learning competence, and functional disability. Conclusion: This study offers critical insights for higher education institutions, emphasizing the need for fostering environments that prioritize autonomy, competence, and relatedness to promote the well-being of students with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Mo Tu
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Sandra Ruvalcaba Diaz
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
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Al-Hendawi M, Alodat A, Al-Zoubi S, Bulut S. A PERMA model approach to well-being: a psychometric properties study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:414. [PMID: 39080800 PMCID: PMC11290191 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being influences all the facets of adolescent success. This study examined the psychometric properties of PERMA, a subjective well-being measure consisting of five domains: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The sample size consisted of 502 high school students from public schools in Qatar. Contrary to expectations, the five-factor structure for PERMA did not fit our data well; however, after refining the model by the errors of the covariances between items, the one-factor model was found to be applicable. Multivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of academic performance were independently and positively associated with overall well-being scores, whereas internalizing and externalizing behaviors were negatively associated. Notably, no significant effects of gender or age on well-being were observed. These findings suggest that interventions specific to socioeconomic status, academic excellence, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the school setting can produce more effective outcomes concerning student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Hendawi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, P.O.Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Fernandes I, Zanini DS, Peixoto EM. PERMA-Profiler for adolescents: validity evidence based on internal structure and related constructs. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1415084. [PMID: 39070577 PMCID: PMC11273287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1415084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The PERMA model of well-being has gained prominence in the study of well-being by the Positive Psychology movement. However, the model has been little studied regarding its applicability in different populations, such as adolescents. This study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler instrument for Brazilian adolescents, as well as the measurement invariance for different age groups and gender, and investigate the relation with external variables. Methods Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to test the internal structure and invariance of the PERMA-Profiler. Reliability was determined with McDonald's Omega and composite reliability. A total of 1,197 adolescents between 11 and 19 years old from different regions of Brazil participated. Results The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five correlated factors model was the most appropriate, presenting good factor loadings and adequate reliability. The scale proved to be invariant for adolescents of different age groups and gender. Correlations with associated variables were significant and moderate to strong, showing positive relations between positive emotions and well-being, and negative relations with negative affects and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Discussion These results contribute to the understanding of well-being in adolescence and highlight the importance of promoting different components of well-being for adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iorhana Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Weiss EL, Donaldson SI, Reece A. Well-Being as a predictor of academic success in student veterans and factor validation of the PERMA + 4 well-being measurement scale. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38227924 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The study sought to test whether well-being predicts academic performance for student service members/veterans (SSM/Vs) and to assess the factor structure of the PERMA + 4 measurement scale for use in this student population. Participants: Post-9/11 SSM/Vs (N = 199) from seven colleges and universities in the U.S. completed an online survey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey research design was used to assess PERMA + 4 and academic success. The PERMA + 4 framework and the measurement scale were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and logistic regressions to determine if PERMA + 4 predicted academic performance in SSM/Vs. Results: Findings indicate that PERMA + 4 is a predictor of SSM/Vs academic performance, and CFA confirmed the factor structure of PERMA + 4 for use with SSM/Vs. Conclusions: The findings suggest that screening for the building blocks of well-being in SSM/Vs with a validated and comprehensive multidimensional instrument could be useful for mitigating transition challenges into college life and informing appropriate supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia L Weiss
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Adrian Reece
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
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Choi S, Vasudevan D, Bhole A, Hong J, Steg K, Marquez J, Chong I, Cai E. A review of the utilization of digital health technologies for college students with disabilities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37722836 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to understand current research on the utilization of mobile health (mHealth) technologies for college students with disabilities. METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis to understand the longitudinal research trends and dominant topics in mHealth research for college students. Next, we performed a scoping review to gain a more in-depth understanding of the current research on the use of mobile technologies for college students with disabilities. RESULTS Despite the increasing number of publications on the development of mobile health applications and mHealth interventions for college students, we found only five studies on disabilities. Most previous studies discussed mental health problems, and we could not find any research utilizing mHealth technologies for college students with physical disabilities. CONCLUSION Due to a lack of scientific evidence on the digitalized self-care of college students with disabilities, future studies focusing on this minority population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Choi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Deepthi Vasudevan
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Apoorva Bhole
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jaeyi Hong
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Krystal Steg
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Marquez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Inna Chong
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Erica Cai
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Smith BW, deCruz-Dixon N, Erickson K, Guzman A, Phan A, Schodt K. The Effects of an Online Positive Psychology Course on Happiness, Health, and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2023; 24:1145-1167. [PMID: 37113244 PMCID: PMC9979887 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an 8-week online positive psychology course on happiness, health, and well-being. There were 65 undergraduate students in the course and a comparison group of 63 undergraduates taking other online psychology courses. The participants were assessed on positive mental health (e.g., happiness, positive emotions), negative mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression), general health, and personal characteristics (e.g., hope, resilience) during the first and last week of the courses. The anxiety and depression measures had cut-offs for clinically significant symptoms. The hypotheses were that the positive psychology students would have significant improvements on all measures and a reduction in the percent anxious and depressed relative to the comparison group. The hypotheses were supported with large effect sizes for positive and negative mental health (mean ds = 0.907 and - 0.779, respectively) and medium-to-large effects for general health and personal characteristics (d = 0.674 and mean ds = 0.590, respectively). There was a reduction from 49.2 to 23.1% percent anxious and from 18.6 to 6.2% percent depressed with no change in the comparison group. In addition, improvements in the online positive psychology course were compared with a previous study of a similar face-to-face positive psychology course (Smith et al., 2021) showing the effect sizes for improvements relative to the comparison groups were larger in the online vs. face-to-face course (mean ds = 0.878. vs. 0.593). Possible explanations for these differences are discussed along with the implications for maximizing the benefits of positive psychology courses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Naila deCruz-Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Kelly Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Anne Guzman
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Alvin Phan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Kaitlyn Schodt
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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Rumrill SP, Castruita Rios Y, Yasuoka M, Aydin Z, Zhou K, Umucu E. Drug Use Difficulties and Academic Adjustment in Student Veterans With Disabilities: A Parallel Mediation Study. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221146162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The attainment of postsecondary education is critical to leading a successful life. Substance abuse is one area that may negatively impact academic and, ultimately, employment outcomes in the student veteran population. We conducted a parallel mediation analysis to examine the relationship between substance use and academic outcomes in a sample of 129 college veterans with disabilities. We explored interpersonal problems, physical health problems, depression, and anxiety as possible mediators. Our results concluded that only interpersonal problems and anxiety mediated the relationship. Implications for practice and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emre Umucu
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Magare I, Graham MA, Eloff I. An Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the PERMA Well-Being Scale for Adult Undergraduate Students in an Open and Distance Learning Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16886. [PMID: 36554766 PMCID: PMC9779166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PERMA well-being scale measures the multidimensionality of well-being in human populations. It highlights positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Despite the empirical advancement and evolution of the PERMA scale in different settings, its applicability to open and distance learning (ODL) has not been adequately established among undergraduate students in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY Our study examines the theoretical reliability, validity, and five-factor structure of the shortened 35-item version of the PERMA well-being scale as it was adapted in an ODL tertiary institution in Botswana. The PERMA model of well-being and self-determination theory (SDT) served as theoretical frameworks. We evaluated the adapted PERMA scale's reliability, construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and measures of invariance to assess if the data of undergraduate students in an ODL context study fitted the PERMA model of a well-being five-factor structure. We used a multi-stage sampling scheme incorporating a convenience sampling approach where the respondents were invited to voluntarily participate in the study through a WhatsApp group, followed by snowball sampling where we asked the participants to add others to the WhatsApp group during the timeline of the survey; the sample comprised 215 respondents (age: mean = 38.17, standard deviation = 6.472). We collected data from former and active undergraduate B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education) degree students from five regional campuses of the open university through an online survey built into the Qualtrics platform. The Cronbach's alpha indicated that one item should be removed from the engagement domain. RESULTS The overall adapted scale retained a 34-item PERMA well-being scale in the particular ODL context. The goodness of fit indices confirmed the five-domain structure with the 34 items. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the 34-item adapted PERMA well-being scale suggest that it can be a valuable and feasible instrument in ODL in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, the adapted scale can be applied in educational settings moving towards open and distance e-learning forms of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Magare
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Marien Alet Graham
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Irma Eloff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Umucu E, Castruita Rios Y, Lo C, Wang A, Grenawalt T, Yasuoka M, Brooks J. Service-Connected Disability and Happiness in Student Veterans: A Parallel Mediation Study of PERMA. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221139880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The student veteran population has been growing in higher education, along with the attention to their happiness and well-being. Seligman developed the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) model to help understand an individual’s happiness, including five pillars: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment. In this study, we aim at evaluating the role of the PERMA model’s five pillars in explaining the relationship between service-connected disability and happiness. Data were collected from 205 student veterans. The result demonstrated that positive emotion and accomplishment mediated the relationship between service-connected disability and happiness. The findings of this study suggest utilizing positive psychology to help student veterans improve happiness, as well as engage in more activities that could potentially increase an individual’s positive emotion and accomplishment, and eventually increase the level of happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | | | | | - Anni Wang
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Umucu E. Creating a college adjustment index score for student veterans with and without disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1020232. [PMID: 36387005 PMCID: PMC9645224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher education is a critical public health tool to achieve economic success, upward mobility, and improved quality of life. Yet, certain groups of students, including student veterans with and without disabilities (SVDs), are at high risk for course failure and dropout, partially due to challenges related to college adjustment. The purpose of this study is to develop a new college adjustment index score for SVDs. We had a total of 4 different research studies to examine the psychometric properties of our college adjustment index score. After conducting a series of psychometric analyses, we selected a total of 18-items. This 18-item tool may help clinicians and researchers conceptualize college adjustment among students through the lens of integrative Tinto's model and positive psychology approaches. Our psychometric analyses revealed that this index tool is brief, reliable, and valid tool to capture college adjustment in SVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Umucu E, Chan F, Phillips B, Tansey T, Berven N, Hoyt W. Evaluating Optimism, Hope, Resilience, Coping Flexibility, Secure Attachment, and PERMA as a Well-Being Model for College Life Adjustment of Student Veterans: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine (a) to what extent demographic covariates, foundational and emerging positive psychology traits (FEPPTs), and PERMA uniquely predict college life adjustment, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and life satisfaction of student military veterans; (b) PERMA as a happiness and well-being model for college life adjustment, HRQOL, and life satisfaction among student veterans; and (c) FEPPTs as predictors of PERMA. In addition, we tested whether total PERMA scores mediate the relationship between service-connected disability and college adjustment. A total of 205 student veterans responded to an online survey. Results revealed that demographic covariates (e.g., service-connected disability), FEPPTs (e.g., optimism), and PERMA (e.g., positive emotion) significantly accounted for college life adjustment, HRQOL, and life satisfaction of student veterans. In addition, a mediation analysis revealed that PERMA partially mediated the relationship between service-connected disability and college life adjustment of student veterans. The results of this study provide empirical supports for the use of PERMA as a comprehensive well-being model of college life adjustment for student veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Lai L, Ding S, Zhong Z, Mao P, Sun N, Zheng F. Association Between Positive Mental Character and Humanistic Care Ability in Chinese Nursing Students in Changsha, China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:896415. [PMID: 35795450 PMCID: PMC9251419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the status of positive mental characters and humanistic care ability among Chinese nursing students, and confirm the association between positive mental characters and humanistic care ability. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Nine hundred eighty-one Chinese nursing students were recruited from hospitals and community healthcare services in Changsha, Hunan, China. Three different self-reported questionnaires were applied: The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Humanistic care ability of Nursing Undergraduates Assessment Scale and Positive Mental Characters Scale for Chinese College Students. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple liner regression analysis were performed to analyze the association between positive mental character and humanistic care ability for Chinese nursing students. Results The mean scores of nursing students' humanistic care ability and positive mental character were 125.94 ± 21.19, 233.18 ± 38.59, respectively. The Pearson correlation results showed that positive mental character (r = 0.655, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with humanistic care ability. Multiple liner regression analysis indicated that positive mental characters, four dimensions of courage, humanity, justice and transcendence in positive mental character, care from classmates were found to be independent predictors of humanistic care ability. Conclusion Positive mental characters are important considerations in the development, implementation and evaluation of humanistic care ability interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqing Ding
- Department of Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhong
- Department of Nursing, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zheng
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Prasath PR, Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Jeon L. Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 44:529-549. [PMID: 35730062 PMCID: PMC9199344 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
International students continue to experience myriad of challenges, some of which further transpired disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic era. To this effect, this study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap), psychological distress, and well-being among 188 international students attending U.S universities. Results using Hayes PROCESS indicated that well-being mediated the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress and in particular moderated the relationship between PsyCap and depression. When higher education institutions are considering steps to mitigate psychological distress experienced by international students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, based on the findings of our study, we suggest investing efforts and resources into two aspects: (a) promotion of positive mental health and well-being and (b) identification and development of positive psychological capital. We further discuss these results and implications for mental health promotion of international students in light of its limitations and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Rose Prasath
- Department of Counseling, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA
| | - Yiying Xiong
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Qiyang Zhang
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lieny Jeon
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Huck GE, Umucu E, Shelton S, Brickham D, Smedema S. An Evaluation of the PERMA Model as a Framework for Reducing Psychiatric Comorbidity in Individuals With Alopecia Areata. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most common immunological conditions. Although AA is considered to be a medically benign condition, those living with AA often report comorbid psychiatric conditions, high levels of functional impairment, and diminished quality of life. These consequences are largely due to the unique psychological turmoil associated with the condition. Unfortunately, little research has considered how to improve quality of life outcomes for this group. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the PERMA framework of well-being is associated with the individual subjective experience of AA. A greater understanding of how PERMA applies to this group holds promise for assisting clinicians with devising psychosocial coping strategies for this population. Method: 274 individuals were recruited for participation. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between the PERMA variables and AA-related (a) subjective symptoms (e.g., self-consciousness, sadness) and (b) relationship impact (e.g., perceived attractiveness). Each analysis controlled for demographic and condition-specific variables. Results: Demographic and PERMA variables were found to be significantly associated with positive experiences of each quality of life outcome. Limitations: The male to female ratio of participants was biased toward females. Furthermore, the nature of cross-sectional survey research has inherent limitations. Conclusion: The findings provide support for a relationship between PERMA variables and quality of life outcomes among people with AA. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett E. Huck
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Services, The Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, PA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Services, The Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas, El-Paso, TX, USA
| | - Shaina Shelton
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Services, The Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Dana Brickham
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Western Washington University, Everett, WA, USA
| | - Susan Smedema
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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16
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Umucu, PhD E, Lee, PhD B, Berwick A, O’Neill LE, Chan F, Chen X. Reducing the Influence of Perceived Stress on Subjective Well-Being of Student Veterans With and Without Disabilities: The Protective Role of Positive Traits and Social Support. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221077942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the regimented environment of military service to a less structured college lifestyle can be stressful for student veterans with and without disabilities, which highlights the importance of exploring protective person-environmental contextual factors that can help student veterans with and without disabilities manage their stress effectively, leading to enhanced well-being. The purpose of this cross-sectional correlational design study was to examine the role of positive person-environment contextual factors, including hope, resilience, core self-evaluations, and social support, to reduce the influence of perceived stress on the subjective well-being (SWB) of student veterans with and without disabilities. The sample included 205 student veterans (71.7% males; 80.5% White; Mage = 29.32; 39% with service-connected disability). Findings suggested that core self-evaluations and social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and SWB in student veterans with and without disabilities. Implications for clinicians, university counselors, and university staff are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Umucu E, Lee B, Genova HM, Chopik WJ, Sung C, Yasuoka M, Niemiec RM. Character Strengths Across Disabilities: An International Exploratory Study and Implications for Positive Psychiatry and Psychology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:863977. [PMID: 35280155 PMCID: PMC8914428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.863977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in character strengths for people with disabilities by using an international dataset by the VIA Institiute on Character. Specifically, we aimed to explore (a) the top and bottom five character strengths reported by different disability groups and all people with disabilities more broadly, and (b) group differences in each character strength and total character strengths. The investigator contacted the VIA Institute on Character (http://www.viacharacter.org/) for obtaining the dataset for the current study. After data cleaning, our sample size resulted in 11,699 people with disabilities. Among most people with disabilities, the top five character strengths scores were love of learning, honesty, appreciation of beauty and excellence, kindness, and fairness. The bottom five character strengths scores were self-regulation, perseverance, zest, spirituality, and prudence. Knowing that there is heterogeneity in character strengths across groups gives us a better understanding of the areas that people with different disabilities and conditions might thrive and provides clinicians and practitioners with a more nuanced understanding for how to possibly intervene with their clients. Positive psychiatry and psychology implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beatrice Lee
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Helen M Genova
- Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
| | - William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Connie Sung
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mizuka Yasuoka
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ryan M Niemiec
- Education Director of the VIA Institute, VIA Institute on Character, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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18
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Grenawalt TA, Umucu E, Reyes A, Baylin A, Strauser DR, Tansey TN, Wagner S. Psychometric Validation of the PERMA-Profiler as a Well-Being Measure for Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumor. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552211025509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to validate a measure of well-being, the PERMA-Profiler, among a sample of young adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Measurement structure of the PERMA-Profiler was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using pretest–posttest data. Reliability and concurrent validity of the PERMA-Profiler were examined. This study included 127 young adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumor between the ages of 18 and 30 ( M = 23.83, SD = 3.00) years. The results of factor analyses yielded a single-factor solution for well-being. Significant relationships between well-being and happiness, life satisfaction, perceived stress, and physical health were observed, providing support for the concurrent validity of the PERMA-Profiler. The PERMA-Profiler displayed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The PERMA-Profiler can help rehabilitation researchers and counselors better evaluate well-being in young adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumor, which provides opportunity for more targeted psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stacia Wagner
- Children’s Brain Tumor Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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Smedema SM, Lee D, Bhattarai M. An Examination of the Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations and Life Satisfaction in College Students With Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355221993569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For many students with disabilities, the transition from high school to a postsecondary educational institution can be challenging as they navigate a new environment with new or different supports. Recent research has demonstrated strong relationships between core self-evaluations (CSE) and a variety of psychosocial and employment outcomes in individuals with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to test a mediation model of the relationship between CSE and life satisfaction in 195 college students with disabilities. Hayes’ (2018) PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to evaluate the model. The results showed that acceptance of disability, social support from significant others, employment-related self-efficacy, and social self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between CSE and life satisfaction. The direct effect of CSE on life satisfaction was still significant after controlling for the effects of all mediators. Overall, CSE affected life satisfaction in college students with disabilities, both directly and indirectly, through improved disability acceptance, greater support from significant others, increased employment-related self-efficacy, and improved social self-efficacy. Implications of the results to improve life satisfaction in college students with disabilities are discussed.
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20
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Self-Leadership for Nurse Practitioners in Complex Times. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Mental and Physical Factors Influencing Wellbeing among South Korean Emergency Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010070. [PMID: 33374138 PMCID: PMC7795396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emergency workers are frequently exposed to hazardous situations and such life patterns can influence their wellbeing. This study examined the relationships among South Korean emergency workers’ precedents and consequences of positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA), a wellbeing concept, and offered solutions. A total of 597 emergency workers in Daegu, South Korea, participated in a survey. This study measured post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, burnout, depression, PERMA, quality of life, life satisfaction, and sleep quality to test the relationships. Results demonstrated that post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome and burnout predicted distracting sleep behavior and sleep health. Depression was significantly related to PERMA. The better the emergency workers’ PERMA was, the better their quality of life and life satisfaction were. PERMA significantly predicted sleep behavior, a portion of sleep quality. Depression had an indirect influence on quality of life mediated by PERMA. Post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, burnout, and PERMA were significant predictors of low sleep health and sleep behavior. The results indicate that South Korean emergency workers struggle with depression and sleep quality. As the data were collected during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, individual efforts and relevant programs to improve South Korean emergency workers’ PERMA and sleep quality in a crisis are recommended. Possible solutions to improve the wellbeing of South Korean emergency workers are suggested.
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Umucu E. Examining the Structure of the PERMA Theory of Well-Being in Veterans With Mental Illnesses. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355220957093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Assessing and improving veterans’ well-being, especially those veterans who are at risk for or experiencing mental illnesses, has received national attention. We examined (a) the structural validity of the Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) theory of well-being and (b) psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler in veterans with mental illnesses. The sample consisted of one-hundred and fifty-six veterans with mental illnesses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical CFA were conducted to test one-factor, five-factor, and a second-order PERMA model. Our findings indicated that re-specified second-order model was found to have best model fit indices. The subconstructs of the PERMA were correlated with resilience and functional limitations in theoretically expected direction. The PERMA-Profiler scale was found to have strong internal consistency and acceptable concurrent validity in a sample of veterans with mental illnesses. Rehabilitation counseling clinicians and researchers can use the PERMA-Profiler to screen the five pillars of well-being and overall well-being in veterans with mental illnesses through the lens of an empirical PERMA theory of well-being.
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23
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Tandler N, Krauss A, Proyer RT. Authentic Happiness at Work: Self- and Peer-Rated Orientations to Happiness, Work Satisfaction, and Stress Coping. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1931. [PMID: 32849134 PMCID: PMC7426460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authentic happiness theory covers three basic orientations to happiness; namely, the life of pleasure (via hedonism); engagement (via flow-related experiences); and meaning (via eudaimonia). There is broad evidence for a positive relationship between these three orientations and indicators of positive psychological functioning in a variety of life domains. However, their contribution to well-being at work is understudied. The main aim of this study was testing the relationship between self- and peer-rated orientations to happiness, work related well-being (work satisfaction, work stress), and coping strategies. Further possible mediating effects of the coping strategies on the relationship between orientations to happiness and well-being at work were also examined. The sample consisted of 372 German-speaking Swiss adults (60.3% female), aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 38.9, SD = 10.8) with a minimum of 40% full-time employment. For 100 persons, peer-ratings of the orientations to happiness were available. Our results showed that the life of engagement and, to a lesser extent, the life of meaning are related to work satisfaction. The life of pleasure was associated with lower levels of reported work stress. Further, positive associations between self- and peer-rated orientations to happiness (particularly pleasure) and adaptive coping strategies with stress were also found. Mediation analyses showed that the effects of engagement in general and content-related work satisfaction were mediated mainly by control and negative coping, while the association between meaning and resigned work satisfaction was mediated by positive coping. Negative coping fully mediated the association between the pleasurable life and work stress. Overall, our results indicate that employees’ orientations to happiness are of importance for experiencing well-being at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tandler
- Depratment of Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Krauss
- Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik (HfH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René T Proyer
- Depratment of Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Beller J, Epping J. Disability trends in Europe by age-period-cohort analysis: Increasing disability in younger cohorts. Disabil Health J 2020; 14:100948. [PMID: 32690322 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined trends in disability, but only few have explicitly considered possible age, time period and birth cohort differences simultaneously. OBJECTIVE We examined disability trends in Europe according to age, time period, and birth cohort. METHODS We used population-based data of Europeans (European Social Survey, N = 228159), aged 15-90 years, covering 15 countries (Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) and spanning a time period from 2002 to 2016. RESULTS We found that there were only small overall changes in disability over time periods. However, there were strong U-shaped birth cohort effects, such that younger cohorts born after 1960 experienced higher levels of disability. This U-shaped cohort trend appeared strongest for non-severe disability and was most pronounced in Germany. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, disability in Europe seemed to generally increase in more recent cohorts, who might thus be at risk to experience more morbidity in the future than previous generations. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms that contribute to these trends, the generalizability of the observed birth cohort effects, and the cross-national differences in time period trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Beller
- Hanover Medical School, Medical Sociology, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jelena Epping
- Hanover Medical School, Medical Sociology, Hannover, Germany
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Umucu E, Wu JR, Sanchez J, Brooks JM, Chiu CY, Tu WM, Chan F. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:271-277. [PMID: 30601708 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study aims to validate the PERMA-Profiler, a well-known well-being measure, among a sample of student veterans. Participants: A sample of 205 student veterans were recruited from universities across the United States. Method: Cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Measurement structure of the PERMA-Profiler was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent, divergent, and criterion-related validity was tested using Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The EFA results yielded a two-factor solution for student veterans. Factors are named as emotional character strengths and performance character strengths. Conclusions: The PERMA-Profiler is a multidimensional scale with good reliability and acceptable levels of convergent, divergent, and criterion-related validity. The PERMA-Profiler can help researchers and practitioners better gauge well-being in student veterans. Implications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jia-Rung Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Jennifer Sanchez
- Department of Rehabilitation and Counselor Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica M Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Chung-Yi Chiu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei-Mo Tu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Fong Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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Attitudes toward disabilities among students in college settings: A multidimensional scaling analysis with biplot. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/jrc.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe investigated attitudes toward 10 specific groups of individuals with disabilities among students in college settings. These groups comprised major depression, substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, learning disability, visual impairment, spinal cord injury, and cancer survivor. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis revealed a two-dimension space representing participants’ attitudes toward those disabilities. The MDS biplot further indicated higher levels of perceived dangerousness from the groups with SUD, major depression, anxiety disorder, and ASD. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that cluster A (SUD and major depression) was rated as having the highest level of social distance (i.e., negative attitudes). The implications for research and practice in rehabilitation counseling were discussed.
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