Gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty in an eight-year-old boy due to ectopic human chorionic gonadotrophin from the central nervous system

We present the case of an eight-year-old boy with advanced isosexual precocity associated with an elevated serum total-beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and markedly elevated serum total testosterone. Radiological investigation discovered a lesion in the left thalamus and no peripheral tumour. Serum:cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HCG ratio was approximately 1:1, consistent with a central nervous system source of HCG, with thalamic germinoma strongly suspected. Consent was not obtained for biopsy of the lesion. The patient underwent multiagent chemotherapy with return of serum HCG to normal. We discuss mechanisms of HCG-mediated sexual precocity in both boys and girls and the importance of CSF HCG.

Developments in chemotherapy for medium- and high-risk patients with gestational trophoblastic tumours (1979-1984)

Identification of various prognostic factors at the start of chemotherapy allows patients with gestational trophoblastic tumours to be categorized into low-, medium- and high-risk groups so that they can be given the minimum treatment necessary to eliminate their disease. Most patients in the low-risk category can be treated with minimal toxicity using a methotrexate/folinic acid regimen and these patients are not considered in this report. Before 1979 patients in the medium-risk category were treated with a sequence of drugs which included, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, actinomycin D, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Since 1979 etoposide has been substituted for vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The 76 patients treated between 1979 and 1983 are all alive and in remission 1.1.85. Three patients (4%) relapsed and required retreatment and all are in remission. Fifty-six patients in the high-risk group, most at risk of developing drug resistance, were treated with a regimen incorporating etoposide with methotrexate, actinomycin D (EMA) and vincristine and cyclophosphamide (CO). EMA and CO were given on alternate weeks, resulting in an overall survival rate of 84%. Patients who had received prior chemotherapy had a survival rate of 74% and a relapse rate of 19% compared with 93% survival and 3% relapse rate in those who had not received prior chemotherapy. Toxicity with the EMA/CO regimen was significantly less than with an earlier regimen (CHAMOCA) used in the high-risk group.