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Wahabi H, Fayed AA, Shata Z, Esmaeil S, Alzeidan R, Saeed E, Amer Y, Titi M, Bahkali K, Hneiny L. The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081143. [PMID: 37107976 PMCID: PMC10137821 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Saudi community and in different age groups, genders, and geographical location, in addition to the change in prevalence over time. METHODS This scoping review of evidence was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The population of this review was categorized into four age groups: young adults (18-25 years), adults (26-45), (mid-life adults) (46-60) and old people (60+). Each group was then categorized by gender into males and females. We included studies of adults aged 18 years and above. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight of the population, based on BMI, was estimated after stratification based on the age, gender, and geographical area. In addition, the change in the prevalence of obesity/overweight over time from 2011 to 2021 was investigated from the pooled data. The Metaprop program in Stata was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 39 studies with 640,952 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight in the age group of ≤25 years old, including both genders, was 30%. However, it was higher in young males (40%) compared to young females (25%). The prevalence of obesity and overweight among young adults has dropped by over 40% between 2012 and 2021. The overall pooled prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in the age groups >25 years old (adults, mid-life, and old people), including both genders, was 66%, with similar prevalence among males (68%) and females (71%). In addition, a similar prevalence was observed among both adult and old people (62% and 65%, respectively), but was higher in the mid-life group (76%). Furthermore, mid-life women had the highest prevalence among all groups (87%), compared to 77% among males in the same age group. The same difference in prevalence between the gender persisted in older females compared to older males (79% vs. 65%, respectively). There is a noticeable drop in the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults > 25 years old of over 28% between 2011 and 2021. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity/overweight by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS Despite the noticeable drop in the prevalence of obesity in the Saudi community, the prevalence of high BMI is high in Saudi Arabia irrespective of age, gender, or geographical location. Mid-life women have the highest prevalence of high BMI, which makes them the focus of a tailored strategy for intervention. Further research is needed to investigate which are the most effective interventions to address obesity in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfaa Wahabi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel A Fayed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Shata
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Samia Esmaeil
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasmieh Alzeidan
- College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshazaly Saeed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah Bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Amer
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Titi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawater Bahkali
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Public Health Intelligence, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layal Hneiny
- Wegner Health Sciences Library, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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Albaker WI. Fenugreek and Its Effects on Muscle Performance: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030427. [PMID: 36983608 PMCID: PMC10054907 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek extracts possess promising physiological and pharmacological properties in human and animal models. This review aims to provide a scientific and comprehensive analysis of the literature on the effects of fenugreek extracts on muscle performance. An extensive online search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The main medical and scientific engines were searched for articles from May 1981 to May 2021 to capture all scientific studies focused on the effect of fenugreek on muscle and exercise or sport. Out of 81 studies acquired, six eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the qualitative analysis. Four RCTs observed that fenugreek supplementation had significantly improved muscle strength, repetitions to failure (muscle endurance), submaximal performance index, lean body mass, and reduced body fat. Among the remaining two trials, one reported the significant effect of fenugreek extracts on the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery; however, the other failed to do so. Those two trials were weak, with a minimal sample size (<10). Further, fenugreek glycoside supplementation with sapogenins and saponins reported substantial anabolic and androgenic activity, influencing testosterone levels and muscle performance. It was useful during eight weeks of resistance training without any clinical side effects. Fenugreek with creatine supplementation improved creatine uptake without the necessity of high carbohydrate intake. Hence, fenugreek extracts can be a helpful natural supplement and ergogenic aid for athletes. However, it is better to be aware of doping and liver and kidney damage before using the fenugreek supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed I Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar 34224, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Mshari A, AlSheikh MH, Latif R, Mumtaz S, Albaker W, Al-Hariri M. Association of Sleep, Body Weight and Physical Exercise with Plasma BDNF Levels in Healthy Male Saudi Smokers. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6603-6610. [PMID: 35999825 PMCID: PMC9393014 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s377744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to impact neural function and development. The BDNF plasma levels may be affected by a smoker’s behavior. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep, body weight and physical exercise with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy male Saudi smokers. Methods A cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample, was conducted during personal visits to the Anti-Smoking Clinic and Family and Community Medical Center of Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in Dammam at the end of 2018. Blood samples were taken from participants to measure the BDNF plasma levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between plasma BDNF levels and participants’ background characteristics, such as smoking index, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results A sample of 73 (31 smokers and 42 non-smokers) males took part in the study. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between plasma BDNF levels with physical activity, smoking age, smoking index, PSQI and BMI 25–29.9 (overweight). However, the results showed no significant relationship between plasma BDNF levels and BMI (healthy weight) and obesity. Conclusion This study shows that physical activity and sleeping quality can provide a positive impact against smoking-associated variation of the BDNF plasma levels, which may affect the health of Saudi males. Further investigation is needed to understand what other potential background characteristics are best predictive or correlated with BDNF plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al-Mshari
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Mumtaz
- Department of Physiology, Dental College, HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences Taxilla Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Albaker W, Saklawi R, Bah S, Motawei K, Futa B, Al-Hariri M. What is the current status of childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia?: Evidence from 20,000 cases in the Eastern Province: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29800. [PMID: 35801783 PMCID: PMC9259103 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of those overweight, as well as obesity among children in Saudi Arabia, keeps rising. The aim of the study was to estimate childhood obesity in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Over the period 2016 to 2017, a cross-sectional campaign was carried out in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from over 20,000 boys' and girls' schools. The campaign collected data on birthday/age, weight, height, sex, district in which the school is located, level of education, and blood pressure level. The findings from the present study indicated a prevalence of 25.7% for overweight and obesity among high school-age students. More importantly, ≈35% of the study's students have either elevated blood pressure or hypertension. The significant predictors of childhood obesity were education level, age, glucose level, and blood pressure. The children in higher school levels originally from the Eastern Province had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Recommendations are made on the need of regular screening program among school-age children, as well as to continue raising awareness about childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sulaiman Bah
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamaluddin Motawei
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Futa
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * Correspondence: Mohammed Al-Hariri, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114-31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
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Al-Muzafar H, Al-Hariri M. Estimation of elemental concentrations in the toenail of young Saudi females with obesity. J Med Life 2022; 15:601-605. [PMID: 35815085 PMCID: PMC9262256 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal metabolic processes. Elements in the toenails are now considered in the diagnosis or screening and used as biomarkers of several metabolic disorders. The incidence of obesity is more prevalent in females than males globally. At the same time, females appeared more susceptible to elemental alterations than males. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in the levels of several elements in toenails as possible biomarkers of health conditions associated with obesity in young Saudi females. A cross-sectional study was performed, between February–November 2019. The study enrolled 79 young females divided into two groups: participants with obesity (n=39) and non-obese (n=40). The toenail was analyzed to estimate Fe, I, K, Na, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cu, Co, and Se levels. The study showed a significant elevation in the levels of Fe, Ca, K, and Na in the toenail sample of female participants with obesity compared to the non-obese group. The levels of Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, and Cr, were significantly decreased in the toenail of participants with obesity. Moreover, other elements (i.e., Mg, I, and Se) were not significantly lower in the female group with obesity. Our findings confirmed the alterations of several elements among Saudi females with obesity. The toenail elemental analysis may become a useful diagnostic technique in monitoring the nutritional status, predicting some metabolic disorders, and environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Al-Muzafar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding Author: Mohammed Al-Hariri, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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AlKhafaji D, Al Argan R, Albahrani S, Al Elq A, Albaker W, Al-Hariri M, Alwaheed A, Alqatari S, Alzaki A, Alsaid A, Alwazzeh M, AlRubaish F, Alelq Z, Alsaif T, Zeeshan M, Alzahrani N, Alhusil A, Gasmelseed B, Zainuddin F, Alhwiesh A, Alrubaish N. The impact of obesity on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Med Life 2022; 15:425-432. [PMID: 35449994 PMCID: PMC9015180 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of obesity with the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection. A retrospective observational study was performed from March to September 2020 in Saudi Arabia. Baseline and laboratory data were collected from the inpatient health record system. The cohort was divided into three groups based on body mass index. Following this, the severity and outcome of COVID-19 disease were analyzed between the three groups. Of the 502 COVID-19 cases included, 244 (48.5%) were obese. Obesity was significantly associated with severe (53.5%) or critical (28%) COVID-19 infection (P<0.001) and a higher need for ICU admission (35.8%, P=0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that overweight/obesity was an independent risk factor of severe (P<0.001) as well as critical COVID-19 infection (P=0.026, respectively) and a predictor of a higher risk of ICU admission (P=0.012). Class I obesity was associated with severe-critical COVID-19 disease (33.6%, P=0.042) compared to other obesity classes. Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe-critical COVID-19 infection and a higher risk of ICU admission. Clinicians should give special attention to such populations and prioritize vaccination programs to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania AlKhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Argan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Albahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Al Elq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding Author: Mohammed Al-Hariri, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Abrar Alwaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safi Alqatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alzaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alsaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Alwazzeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah AlRubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alelq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alsaif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alzahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alhusil
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool Gasmelseed
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Zainuddin
- Department of Medical Allied Services, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhwiesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafie Alrubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Nuñez-Leyva RE, Lozano-López TE, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Saintila J. Excess Weight and Body Fat Percentage Associated with Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in University Students. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:1310030. [PMID: 35036024 PMCID: PMC8754593 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1310030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most important public health problems for university students. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) with waist circumference (WC) as a cardiometabolic risk factor (CMR) among university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2,048 students from a private university located in Lima, Peru. Anthropometric data (weight, height, %BF, and WC) were collected. Chi-square test was used. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The findings indicated that 36.9% and 61.1% of men were overweight and had higher %BF, respectively, compared to women. Women (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.29), Peruvian students (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.90), and students enrolled in the faculty of health sciences (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.94) are less likely to manifest CMR. Also, excess body weight (OR, 17.28; 95% CI, 13.21, 22.59) and a high %BF (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.55, 5.84) were strongly associated with CMR. CONCLUSION CMRs are a public health problem among university students. Therefore, it is important to carry out healthy lifestyle programs to promote better control and prevention, particularly among male students and those who have excess weight and body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E. Nuñez-Leyva
- Escuela de Posgrado, Unidad de Posgrado Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Tabita E. Lozano-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio E. Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Posgrado, Unidad de Posgrado Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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Agreement of measures between measured body adiposity and calculated indices of fatness in sedentary and active male and female students. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: Our study was undertaken to analyze agreement between measured body fat and different indices of fatness in students of both sexes and with different physical activity.
Materials and methods: A total of 330 students not engaged in regular physical activity (150 males and 180 females) and 356 students (180 males and 176 females) engaged in regular physical activity due to their study program (5–7 h/week) were recruited. In all participants body adiposity was measured from skinfold thickness. In addition, calculated indices of fatness based on waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC), such as abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI) and relative fat mass (RFM) were calculated.
Results: The analysis of Bland-Altman plots revealed that agreement between measured and calculated body fat was found for RFM and BAI in sedentary and active men and for BAI in sedentary women, but not for measured body fat and RFM in sedentary women and for RFM and BAI in active women.
Discussion: Our study showed that in young adult Poles of both sexes and with different physical activity, the calculated obesity rates should be used with caution, especially in women, as an indicator of total body fat.
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Albaker W, Al Sheikh M, Albakr A, Alkhafaji D, Al Besher E, Al-Hariri M. The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Obese Non-Diabetic Saudi Outpatients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8643-8650. [PMID: 34849008 PMCID: PMC8627262 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unmanaged cases of obesity might lead to serious conditions and complications, which impair patients' lives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of daily 3 mg subcutaneous (s/c) Liraglutide amongst obese non-diabetic patients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with obesity managed with s/c Liraglutide 3.0 mg who visited the outpatient clinic in Al Mashfa Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA during 2019-2021. We collected patient data from the electronic reporting system for different parameters. Body weight, hemoglobin A1c %, systolic and diastolic blood pressure mmHg were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Records of 258 patients who were using a daily dose of Liraglutide 3.0 mg s/c for at least four months have been reviewed. The body weight loss of patients who used Liraglutide for four months was 8.1±0.8 kg. Moreover, around 204 patients continued for up to six months. Meanwhile, the mean body weight loss was 13 kg. There was a significant reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % by 0.43%. The majority of patients (94.5%) reported satisfaction with the treatment, while adverse events were mainly nausea, vomiting and constipation. CONCLUSION Daily s/c Liraglutide of 3.0 mg is effective in producing significant body weight reduction in obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with tolerable minimal side effects and may provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of obesity and its related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al Sheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Albakr
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Alkhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Besher
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Muzafar HM, Al-Hariri MT. Alterations in manganese level in the biological samples of young obese Saudi women. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:706-711. [PMID: 34690651 PMCID: PMC8498790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the changes in serum manganese levels in the nails of women with obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, KSA. It was conducted in a convenience sample of 30 women with obesity and 40 without obesity. We obtained biological samples of nails from the participants and analysed these samples using a plasma atomic emission spectrometer to estimate the levels of manganese. A standard questionnaire containing items related to demographic features, such as address, age, education, and marital status, was used. In addition, the data on the usual consumption of water, milk, and soft drinks during a day or week, eating habits, and other health information were included in the questionnaire. RESULTS The results of this study show that manganese levels are significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the group with obesity at 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/kg than in the group without obesity at 0.62 ± 0.02 mg/kg. Regular sports activity in a week and consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, and water are significant predictors of the levels of manganese in the body. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates a significant difference in the levels of manganese in the nails of obese participants compared to non-obese participants. Further studies are needed to determine whether Saudi women are at risk for manganese deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessah M Al-Muzafar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
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