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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is defined according to the recently proposed mechanistic definition as a pathological fibro-inflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental, and/or other risk factors who develop persistent pathological responses to parenchymal injury or stress. METHODS The clinical practice guidelines for CP in Japan were revised in 2021 based on the 2019 Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria for CP, which incorporate the concept of a pathogenic fibro-inflammatory syndrome in the pancreas. In this third edition, clinical questions are reclassified into clinical questions, background questions, and future research questions. RESULTS Based on analysis of newly accumulated evidence, the strength of evidence and recommendations for each clinical question is described in terms of treatment selection, lifestyle guidance, pain control, treatment of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, and treatment of complications. A flowchart outlining indications, treatment selection, and policies for cases in which treatment is ineffective is provided. For pain control, pharmacological treatment and the indications and timing for endoscopic and surgical treatment have been updated in the revised edition. CONCLUSIONS These updated guidelines provide clinicians with useful information to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of CP.
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Iacobellis A, Seripa D, Palmieri O, Andriulli N, Latina P. Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Administration of Tapentadol in Relieving Chronic Pancreatitis Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 18:815-817. [PMID: 27651507 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Iacobellis
- Division of GastroenterologyGeriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anesthesiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Division of GastroenterologyGeriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anesthesiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Division of GastroenterologyGeriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anesthesiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Andriulli
- Division of GastroenterologyGeriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anesthesiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Latina
- Division of GastroenterologyGeriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research LaboratoryDepartment of Anesthesiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Bombardo M, Malagola E, Chen R, Rudnicka A, Graf R, Sonda S. Ibuprofen and diclofenac treatments reduce proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells upon inflammatory injury and mitogenic stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:335-347. [PMID: 28542719 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered to manage the pain typically found in patients suffering from pancreatitis. NSAIDs also display anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells; however, their effects on normal, untransformed cells are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether NSAIDs inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells during the development of acute pancreatitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac were administered to C57BL/6 mice after induction of pancreatitis with serial injections of cerulein. In addition, ibuprofen was administered concomitantly with 3,5,3-L-tri-iodothyronine (T3), which induces acinar cell proliferation in the absence of tissue inflammation. The development of pancreatic inflammation, acinar de-differentiation into metaplastic lesions and acinar proliferation were quantified by histochemical, biochemical and RT-PCR approaches. KEY RESULTS Therapeutic ibuprofen treatment selectively reduced pancreatic infiltration of activated macrophages in vivo, and M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression both in vivo and in vitro. Reduced macrophage activation was accompanied by reduced acinar de-differentiation into acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Acinar proliferation was significantly impaired in the presence of ibuprofen and diclofenac, as demonstrated at both the level of proliferation markers and expression of cell cycle regulators. Ibuprofen also reduced acinar cell proliferation induced by mitogenic stimulation with T3, a treatment that does not elicit pancreatic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides evidence that the NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac inhibit pancreatic acinar cell division. This suggests that prolonged treatment with these NSAIDs may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas and further studies are needed to confirm these findings in a clinical setting. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alina Rudnicka
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Newnham Campus, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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Abstract
Analgesic drugs, as well as providing pain relief, can cause a range of other symptoms and side effects, most notably on the gastrointestinal system. Conversely, gastrointestinal disease will often require analgesia, and this can be complicated by the fact that the gut is the site of absorption of oral drugs. This paper discusses some of the effects of common oral analgesic drugs on the gastrointestinal tract and their role in managing some of the most common, nonmalignant, chronic gastrointestinal disorders in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lawrence
- R Lawrence, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. Email
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Shamoon M, Deng Y, Chen YQ, Bhatia M, Sun J. Therapeutic implications of innate immune system in acute pancreatitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:73-87. [PMID: 26565751 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1077227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas encompassing a cascade of cellular and molecular events. It starts from premature activation of zymogens with the involvement of innate immune system to a potential systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure. Leukocytes are the major cell population that participate in the propagation of the disease. Current understanding of the course of AP is still far from complete, limiting treatment options mostly to conservative supportive care. Emerging evidence has pointed to modulation of the immune system for strategic therapeutic development, by mitigating the inflammatory response and severity of AP. In the current review, we have focused on the role of innate immunity in the condition and highlighted therapeutics targeting it for treatment of this challenging disease. AREAS COVERED The current review has aimed to elaborate in-depth understanding of specific roles of innate immune cells, derived mediators and inflammatory pathways that are involved in AP. Summarizing the recent therapeutics and approaches applied experimentally that target immune responses to attenuate AP. EXPERT OPINION The current state of knowledge on AP, limitations of presently available therapeutic approaches and the promise of therapeutic implications of innate immune system in AP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shamoon
- a 1 Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- a 1 Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- a 1 Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- b 2 University of Otago, Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pathology , Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jia Sun
- a 1 Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Juel J, Olesen SS, Olesen AE, Poulsen JL, Dahan A, Wilder-Smith O, Madzak A, Frøkjær JB, Drewes AM. Study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of S-ketamine for pain treatment in patients with chronic pancreatitis (RESET trial). BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007087. [PMID: 25757947 PMCID: PMC4360788 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease that causes irreversible damage to pancreatic tissue. Pain is its most prominent symptom. In the absence of pathology suitable for endoscopic or surgical interventions, pain treatment usually includes opioids. However, opioids often have limited efficacy. Moreover, side effects are common and bothersome. Hence, novel approaches to control pain associated with CP are highly desirable. Sensitisation of the central nervous system is reported to play a key role in pain generation and chronification. Fundamental to the process of central sensitisation is abnormal activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, which can be antagonised by S-ketamine. The RESET trial is investigating the analgaesic and antihyperalgesic effect of S-ketamine in patients with CP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 40 patients with CP will be enrolled. Patients are randomised to receive 8 h of intravenous S-ketamine followed by oral S-ketamine, or matching placebo, for 4 weeks. To improve blinding, 1 mg of midazolam will be added to active and placebo treatment. The primary end point is clinical pain relief as assessed by a daily pain diary. Secondary end points include changes in patient-reported outcome measures, opioid consumption and rates of side effects. The end points are registered through the 4-week medication period and for an additional follow-up period of 8 weeks to investigate long-term effects. In addition, experimental pain measures also serves as secondary end points, and neurophysiological imaging parameters are collected. Furthermore, experimental baseline recordings are compared to recordings from a group of healthy controls to evaluate general aspects of pain processing in CP. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol is approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20130040) and the Danish Health and Medicines Authorities (EudraCT number: 2013-003357-17). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu (EudraCT number 2013-003357-17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Juel
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Estrup Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lykke Poulsen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Wilder-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Adnan Madzak
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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