1
|
Grajczyk A, Sobczyk K, Zarzecka J, Barcz E, Dżaman K. Objective Measurements of Nasal Obstruction and Eustachian Tube Function in Pregnant Women. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2671. [PMID: 38731199 PMCID: PMC11084222 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hormonal changes during pregnancy have a substantial effect on the swelling of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity, resulting in rhinitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess subjective and objective changes in nasal cavity and Eustachian tube patency in the third trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study group included fifty 18-41 year-old women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The control group consisted of 25 females aged 25 to 31 who were not pregnant. The Eustachian tube and nasal cavity patency examination was carried out using a rhinomanometer, a tympanometer and a SNOT-22 Questionnaire. Results: The SNOT-22 showed that subjective nasal obstruction was assessed as strong or worse by 42% of the study group, which was significantly higher than in the control group and confirmed with rhinomanometry. A total of 68% of the study group reported a subjective ear fullness which correlated with the week of pregnancy. The tympanometry showed that all pregnant women exhibited a type A tympanogram, but tympanometry values decreased at higher weeks of pregnancy, and statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between the study group and the control group in tympanometry for both ears. Conclusions: The results highlight the substantial impact on both subjective and objective measurements of nasal and Eustachian tube patency. Almost every woman in the third trimester of pregnancy experiences nasal obstruction, and nearly 70% struggle with ear fullness. Recognizing and addressing these challenges are pivotal for ensuring the well-being of pregnant individuals and enhancing the quality of antenatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Grajczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Międzylesie Specialist Hospital, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Sobczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Zarzecka
- Department of Gynecology and Obsetrics, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Międzylesie Specialist Hospital, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Barcz
- Department of Gynecology and Obsetrics, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Międzylesie Specialist Hospital, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demartini B, Nisticò V, Limonta S, Tarantino V, Stefanelli G, Calistro F, Giambanco L, Faggioli R, Gambini O, Turriziani P. Long-term Memory of Sensory Experiences from the First Pregnancy, its Peri-partum and Post-partum in Women with Autism Spectrum Disorders without Intellectual Disabilities: A Retrospective Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06189-y. [PMID: 37966534 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the recalled experience of pregnancy and motherhood in women diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) without intellectual disabilities, focusing on sensory perceptions and mood. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated, through an ad-hoc structured interview, the sensory sensitivity during the pre-partum, the peri-partum, and the post-partum of thirty-three mothers with ASD and thirty-two neurotypical mothers. Participants also underwent a psychometric assessment about autistic traits, general sensory sensitivity, and post-partum depressive symptomatology. RESULTS Mothers with ASD recalled a higher sensitivity than the comparison group across the three time-points; however, during the peri-partum their recalled hypersensitivity decreases, and in the post-partum it returned as high as before childbirth. The difference in the length of recall between groups did not statistically influence our results. Higher levels of autistic traits correlated with higher depressive post-partum symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Mothers with ASD seem to recall their experience of pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum period differently from neurotypical mothers, particularly in terms of hypersensitivity. The correlation with depressive symptoms and the potential role of oxytocin and of long-term memory (encoding and recollection) are discussed. Further exploring these aspects might give fundamental hints to provide tailored support to mothers with ASD during pregnancy and motherhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Demartini
- Unità di Psichiatria 51 e 52, Presidio San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy
- "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Nisticò
- "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Presidio San Paolo, via A. Di Rudinì, 8, Milano, 20142, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Serena Limonta
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell'Esercizio Fisico e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Stefanelli
- Unità di Psichiatria 51 e 52, Presidio San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giambanco
- U.O.C. Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Presidio Ospedaliero S.Antonio Abate, Trapani, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faggioli
- Unità di Psichiatria 51 e 52, Presidio San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy
| | - Orsola Gambini
- Unità di Psichiatria 51 e 52, Presidio San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy
- "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Presidio San Paolo, via A. Di Rudinì, 8, Milano, 20142, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell'Esercizio Fisico e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|