The effect of the judge's condition on the judgment of others' well-being

We study the effect of perceivers' health conditions on their judgments of the well-being of target people (their judgments of the targets' day-to-day physical difficulties) based on information about the targets' health conditions. We develop a model which suggests that this effect depends on the similarity between perceivers' and targets' health: The perceiver's well-being is used as an anchor and the judgment of the target's well-being is either assimilated toward or contrasted away from this anchor, depending on the similarity between the subject's and target's health. Based on this model we derive and test the correlation-trend hypothesis which states that the higher the similarity between perceivers' and targets' conditions, the more positive the correlation between perceivers' conditions and their judgments of the targets well-being.

The Social Interaction Model of Objectification: A process model of goal-based objectifying exchanges between men and women

People perceive and treat women as sex objects in social exchanges. The interaction processes through which women are objectified, however, have rarely been considered. To address this gap in the literature, we propose the Social Interaction Model of Objectification (SIMO). Rooted in social exchange and objectification theories, the SIMO predicts objectifying behaviours stemming from sexual goals between men and women. We propose that the behavioural dynamics of objectification can be understood through a series of goal-based exchange processes that are shaped by patriarchy. Articulating the SIMO and its predictions for behaviour in social interactions, we describe the scant social psychological studies in this area. Not only is the SIMO useful for understanding objectifying interaction processes, but it can be used to understand why women sometimes evaluate objectification positively as well as instances of sexual violence. Finally, we discuss critical directions for future research and provide promising methodological approaches for testing the SIMO.

Toward a unified theory of objectification and dehumanization

Objectification and dehumanization represent motivational conundrums because they are phenomena in which people are seen in ways that are fundamentally inaccurate; seeing people as objects, as animals, or not as people. The purpose of the 60th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation was to examine the motivational underpinnings of objectification and dehumanization of the self and others. To provide an overall context for this volume, we first provide classic conceptualizations of objectification and dehumanization and speculate about relations between the two. We then introduce a unified theory of objectification and dehumanization within the global versus local processing model (GLOMO) and provide initial supporting evidence. Finally, we introduce the chapters in this volume, which provide additional significant and novel motivational perspectives on objectification and dehumanization.