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Sheeter DA, Garza S, Park HG, Benhamou LRE, Badi NR, Espinosa EC, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT, Powers JT. Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis Is Associated with Worse Survival and Is Differentially Regulated by MYCN and Tumor Suppressor microRNAs in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1590. [PMID: 38672672 PMCID: PMC11048984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification (MNA) and disruption of tumor suppressor microRNA (TSmiR) function are key drivers of poor outcomes in neuroblastoma (NB). While MYCN and TSmiRs regulate glucose metabolism, their role in de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and unsaturated FAS (UFAS) remains poorly understood. Here, we show that FAS and UFAS (U/FAS) genes FASN, ELOVL6, SCD, FADS2, and FADS1 are upregulated in high-risk (HR) NB and that their expression is associated with lower overall survival. RNA-Seq analysis of human NB cell lines revealed parallel U/FAS gene expression patterns. Consistent with this, we found that NB-related TSmiRs were predicted to target these genes extensively. We further observed that both MYC and MYCN upregulated U/FAS pathway genes while suppressing TSmiR host gene expression, suggesting a possible U/FAS regulatory network between MYCN and TSmiRs in NB. NB cells are high in de novo synthesized omega 9 (ω9) unsaturated fatty acids and low in both ω6 and ω3, suggesting a means for NB to limit cell-autonomous immune stimulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven apoptosis from ω6 and ω3 unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, respectively. We propose a model in which MYCN and TSmiRs regulate U/FAS and play an important role in NB pathology, with implications for other MYC family-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A. Sheeter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
| | - Secilia Garza
- Department of Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA;
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
| | - Lorraine-Rana E. Benhamou
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
| | - Niharika R. Badi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
| | - Erika C. Espinosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
| | - Kumar S. D. Kothapalli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - John T. Powers
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA; (D.A.S.); (H.G.P.); (L.-R.E.B.); (N.R.B.); (E.C.E.)
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Tabor E. The complex pathway to United States Food and Drug Administration approval of Smoflipid. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:748-751. [PMID: 34478168 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tabor
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Meng Z, Dong Y, Gao H, Yao D, Gong Y, Meng Q, Zheng T, Cui X, Su X, Tian Y. The effects of ω-3 fish oil emulsion-based parenteral nutrition plus combination treatment for acute paraquat poisoning. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:600-614. [PMID: 30392424 PMCID: PMC6381463 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518806110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) including ω-3 fish-oil emulsion on nutritional state, inflammatory response, and prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods Patients randomized to receive medium chain triglycerides (MCT)/long chain triglycerides (LCT)-based PN (control group) or MCT/LCT-based PN containing ω-3 fish-oil emulsion (intervention group) were compared for 90-day survival and short-term treatment efficacy. Results Tumour necrosis factor-α levels were significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 101) versus controls (n = 73) on treatment days 4 and 7. Intervention group C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased on day 4, decreased to baseline (day 1) levels on day 7, and were significantly lower than baseline on day 10. Control group CRP levels were significantly increased on days 4 and 7 versus baseline, and returned to baseline levels on day 10. On day 7, retinol binding protein had recovered to baseline levels in the intervention group only. Intervention group mortality rate (36.6%) was significantly lower than controls (57.5%). ω-3 fish-oil PN was associated with reduced risk of death (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.82). Conclusion In patients with acute paraquat poisoning, MCT/LCT with ω-3 fish-oil emulsion PN plus combination treatment advantageously attenuated the inflammatory response, modified the nutritional state, and was associated with significantly improved 90-day survival versus treatment without ω-3 fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Meng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hengbo Gao
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dongqi Yao
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Gong
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingbing Meng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tuokang Zheng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolei Cui
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- 2 Division of Health Care, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingping Tian
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Purpose of the review is to summarize recent research addressing the role of intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLEs) in the critically ill. RECENT FINDINGS Soybean oil-based IVLEs, which are high in the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been largely used in parenteral nutrition over the last several decades. However, it is now generally accepted that the higher content of phytosterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil IVLE may adversely affect the immunological and inflammatory status of the critically ill. In the last few years, alternative IVLEs with lower soybean oil content have been associated with important improvements in clinical outcomes, such as mortality, mechanical ventilation days, and ICU length of stay. Olive oil and fish oil IVLEs have been reported to reduce the incidence of infections, with no clear benefits in other clinical outcomes. Despite the promising results with these new parenteral nutrition strategies, the optimum composition, dosage and indication for alternative IVLEs still remain controversial. Nevertheless, according to current knowledge alternative IVLEs may be associated with improved clinical outcomes and should be considered in critically ill patients requiring parenteral nutrition. SUMMARY There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that improved clinical outcomes can be achieved with selective use of alternative IVLEs in parenteral nutrition regimens for the critically ill. More high quality trials are needed, to better evaluate the efficacy of alternative IVLEs.
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[Fish oil containing lipid emulsions in critically ill patients: Critical analysis and future perspectives]. Med Intensiva 2015; 40:39-45. [PMID: 26403991 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Third-generation lipid emulsions (LE) are soybean oil sparing strategies with immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects. Current evidence supporting the use of intravenous (i.v) fish oil (FO) LE in critically ill patients requiring parenteral nutrition or receiving enteral nutrition (pharmaconutrient strategy) mainly derives from small phase ii clinical trials in heterogenous intensive care unit patient's population. Over the last three years, there have been published different systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of FO containing LE in the critically ill. Recently, it has been demonstrated that i.v FO based LE may be able to significantly reduce the incidence of infections as well as mechanical ventilation days and hospital length of stay. Nonetheless, more robust evidence is required before giving a definitive recommendation. Finally, we strongly believe that a dosing study is required before new phase iii clinical trials comparing i.v FO containing emulsions versus other soybean oil strategies can be conducted.
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