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Thakur T, Chewning B. Pharmacists opioid risk and safety counseling practices: A latent class analysis approach. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:3013-3018. [PMID: 34353756 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid crisis is a global public health issue, especially present in the United States. Limited research addresses pharmacists' opioid medication counseling practices particularly their risk and safety counseling practices. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to categorize pharmacists based on their opioid risk and safety counseling practices to inform future interventions and research to improve practice. The percent of pharmacists falling into each of these underlying, unobservable subgroups is identified using latent class analysis. METHODS This study was conducted as a statewide survey of pharmacists using the modified Dilman technique. The survey consisted of ten items about pharmacists' opioid risk and safety practices when dispensing an opioid medication. Descriptive statistics were conducted followed by latent class analysis. This approach categorized pharmacists based on their responses to the survey items. RESULTS Responses from 216 pharmacists were used in this study. In the three-class model which was deemed the best fit, the first class shows a profile of pharmacists who counsel on almost all opioid risk and safety topics and composed 16.75% of the total respondent population. The second class shows a profile of pharmacists who hardly counsel on any opioid risks and safety topics and comprised 39.80% of the respondent population. The third class shows a profile of pharmacists counseling on opioid risk and safety topics mostly for new or long-term prescriptions, but not for refill or short-term prescriptions. This group constituted 43.45% of the respondent population. CONCLUSION This study identifies distinct classes of pharmacists in terms of the frequency with which their opioid counseling does or does not include key elements of risk and safety topics. A small minority usually include the risk and safety issues. Training and resource interventions targeting pharmacists who do not counsel patients about opioid risks are important to help them become more comfortable and adept as opioid risk and safety educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvee Thakur
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Betty Chewning
- Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Argyra E, Staikou C, Vadalouca A. Access to and use of Opioids for Pain Management in Greece. J Palliat Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/082585971403000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriphili Argyra
- C Staikou (corresponding author): 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Fleming 3, Anoixi Attikis, 14569 Greece
| | - Chryssoula Staikou
- E Argyra, A Vadalouca: 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Vadalouca
- E Argyra, A Vadalouca: 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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Solouki S, Plummer M, Agalliu I, Abraham N. Opioid prescribing practices and medication use following urogynecological surgery. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 38:363-368. [PMID: 30431173 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid abuse is a growing epidemic in the United States, with opioid overdose becoming a leading cause of death. There is wide variation in prescription practices for post-operative opioids due to absence of guidelines. The purpose of this study is to examine postoperative opioid prescribing patterns after urogynecologic surgery and determine usage and management of opioid pills by patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an observational, prospective study of female patients (N = 143) who underwent urogynecologic (prolapse or incontinence) surgery from June to December 2017 at a single academic center. Patients were surveyed regarding their pain medication use 30 days postoperatively. Survey questions included preoperative pain medication use, quantity of opioid pills consumed, need for additional opioid prescription, and management of remaining pills. T-test and one-way Anova were used for comparison of continuous variables and chi-squared test used for comparison of categorical variables. RESULTS Of 143 eligible patients, 99 (69%) responded; 62% of respondent patients underwent vaginal surgery, 22% abdominal surgery with or without vaginal surgery, and 15% underwent other procedures. Postoperatively, 81.8% of patients were prescribed opioids. The average number of tablets prescribed ranged from 12.4 to 17.4 depending on the procedure. 54.3% of patients reported using less than half of their prescribed opioid prescription. Of the patients who had excess opioid tablets, only 8.6% reported discarding their opioids. CONCLUSION To date, no guidelines exist on prescribing opioids postoperatively. Opioids are overprescribed post-operatively with over half of patients using less than half of the opioids prescribed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Solouki
- FPMRS Division, Department of OB/GYN, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nitya Abraham
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Bui AH, Feldman DL, Brodman ML, Shamamian P, Kaleya RN, Rosenblatt MA, D'Angelo D, Somerville D, Mudiraj S, Kischak P, Leitman IM. Provider preferences for postoperative analgesia in obese and non-obese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. J Pharm Policy Pract 2018; 11:9. [PMID: 29796284 PMCID: PMC5956826 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-018-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few guidelines exist on safe prescription of postoperative analgesia to obese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. This study examines the preferences of providers in the standard treatment of postoperative pain in the ambulatory setting. Methods Providers from five academic medical centers within a single US city were surveyed from May–September 2015. They were asked to provide their preferred postoperative analgesic routine based upon the predicted severity of pain for obese and non-obese patients. McNemar’s tests for paired observations were performed to compare prescribing preferences for obese vs. non-obese patients. Fisher’s exact tests were performed to compare preferences based on experience: > 15 years vs. ≤15 years in practice, and attending vs. resident physicians. Results A total of 452 providers responded out of a possible 695. For mild pain, 119 (26.4%) respondents prefer an opioid for obese patients vs. 140 (31.1%) for non-obese (p = 0.002); for moderate pain, 329 (72.7%) for obese patients vs. 348 (77.0%) for non-obese (p = 0.011); for severe pain, 398 (88.1%) for obese patients vs. 423 (93.6%) for non-obese (p < 0.001). Less experienced physicians are more likely to prefer an opioid for obese patients with moderate pain: 70 (62.0%) attending physicians with > 15 years in practice vs. 86 (74.5%) with ≤15 years (p = 0.047), and 177 (68.0%) attending physicians vs. 129 (83.0%) residents (p = 0.002). Conclusions While there is a trend to prescribe less opioid analgesics to obese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery, these medications may still be over-prescribed. Less experienced physicians reported prescribing opioids to obese patients more frequently than more experienced physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Bui
- 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - David L Feldman
- 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Hospitals Insurance Company, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Peter Shamamian
- 3Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | | | - Meg A Rosenblatt
- 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - I Michael Leitman
- 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.,5Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1076, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cleary
- Pain and Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Asra Husain
- Pain and Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Martha Maurer
- Pain and Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Linge-Dahl L, Vranken M, Juenger S, North K, Scholten W, Payne S, Radbruch L. Identification of Challenges to the Availability and Accessibility of Opioids in Twelve European Countries: Conclusions from Two ATOME Six-Country Workshops. J Palliat Med 2015; 18:1033-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Linge-Dahl
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjolein Vranken
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Juenger
- Institute of General Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kate North
- Help the Hospices, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem Scholten
- Independent Pharmaceutical Consultant, Lopik, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Payne
- Division of Health Research, International Observatory on End-of-Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Radbruch
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Jünger S, Brearley S, Payne S, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Lynch T, Scholten W, Radbruch L. Consensus building on access to controlled medicines: a four-stage Delphi consensus procedure. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 46:897-910. [PMID: 23706904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the policy guidelines Ensuring Balance in National Controlled Substances Policies-Guidance for Availability and Accessibility of Controlled Medicines, presenting a revised version of the previous guidelines from 2000. OBJECTIVES To describe the consensus process that guided the revision of the guidelines. METHODS A four-stage revision process was undertaken with a panel of 29 international experts from palliative care, public health, and harm reduction: 1) a qualitative inventory of required changes by means of a structured checklist, 2) & 3) a two-round online consensus Delphi process about the draft revision of the guidelines, and 4) a WHO advisory meeting for the discussion of remaining controversies and final issues. RESULTS The qualitative inventory resulted in a draft revision of the guidelines meeting requirements on different levels, such as a broader focus and more accurate evidence. Operationalization of the guidelines was improved by specifying measures, procedures, and responsibilities. The Delphi procedure provided concrete indications for the rewording of both the guidelines and the associated text. During the advisory meeting, any persistent disagreements were systematically discussed to achieve consensus on the new version of the guidelines. CONCLUSION The four-stage multimethod consensus process resulted in a substantial revision to the WHO guidelines. This takes into account the increase in knowledge about opioid medication since the first edition of the guidelines. Disagreement emerging from the process underlines the complexity of preparing guidance because of the delicate balance between need and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Jünger
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
For the practicing physician, the behavioral implications of preventing, diagnosing, and treating cancer are many and varied. Fortunately, an enhanced capacity in informatics may help create a redesigned ecosystem in which applying evidence-based principles from behavioral medicine will become a routine part of care. Innovation to support this evolution will be spurred by the "meaningful use" criteria stipulated by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 and by focused research and development efforts within the broader health information ecosystem. The implications for how to better integrate evidence-based principles in behavioral medicine into oncology care through both spheres of development are discussed within the framework of the cancer control continuum. The promise of using the data collected through these tools to accelerate discovery in psycho-oncology is also discussed. If nurtured appropriately, these developments should help accelerate successes against cancer by altering the behavioral milieu.
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Abstract
There are currently two indicators, Morphine Consumption Data and the Pain Management Index, that have been widely used to assess the efficacy of cancer pain treatment. Both are based on the World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain and both have limitations in their ability to assess the quality of pain care for cancer patients. The published studies that have used these methods all report that cancer pain is generally undertreated in a wide range of clinical settings and care models.
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