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Moreira JVME, Bernardi LP, Teixeira FC, Paniago J, Teixeira LV, Bifi F, Souza DO, Rohden F. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Present Exacerbated Focal Stroke Behavioral Outcomes. Brain Sci 2024; 14:838. [PMID: 39199529 PMCID: PMC11352869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) in a model of permanent ischemic stroke (focal ischemia due to thermocoagulation of pial vessels) on sensorimotor function (cylinder test and patch removal test), behavioral tasks (novelty habituation memory open field task) and cerebral infarct size in adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) for 42 days after the occurrence of a stroke. We observed that the stroke caused asymmetry in the front paws and delayed adhesive removal. These effects were spontaneously reduced in WKY rats, but not in SHR. Short- and long-term novelty habituation memories were abolished by stroke in WYK and SHR. On the 3rd day after stroke, the size of the focal cerebral infarct was the same in WKY and SHR. However, on the 7th day, the infarct size decreased in WKY rats, but not SHR. These results suggested that SAH impairment of sensorimotor recovery in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia could be related to augmented focal cerebral infarct size. Moreover, the behavioral tasks used in this study were unaffected by Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Our results highlight the need for animal models of comorbidities in stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Matos e Moreira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Luis Pedro Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre—UFCSPA, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Jerônimo Paniago
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Luciele Varaschini Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Felippo Bifi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Annex Building, Ramiro Barcelos Street 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.V.M.e.M.); (L.P.B.); (J.P.); (L.V.T.); (F.B.); (D.O.S.)
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Chokkalla AK, Arruri V, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Loss of Epitranscriptomic Modification N 6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) Reader YTHDF1 Exacerbates Ischemic Brain Injury in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01267-4. [PMID: 38869772 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is a neuronal-enriched, reversible post-transcriptional modification that regulates RNA metabolism. The m6A-modified RNAs recruit various m6A-binding proteins that act as readers. Differential m6A methylation patterns are implicated in ischemic brain damage, yet the precise role of m6A readers in propagating post-stroke m6A signaling remains unclear. We presently evaluated the functional significance of the brain-enriched m6A reader YTHDF1, in post-stroke pathophysiology. Focal cerebral ischemia significantly increased YTHDF1 mRNA and protein expression in adult mice of both sexes. YTHDF1-/- male, but not female, mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed worsened motor function recovery and increased infarction compared to sex-matched YTHDF1+/+ mice. YTHDF1-/- male, but not female, mice subjected to transient MCAO also showed significantly perturbed expression of genes related to inflammation, and increased infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the peri-infarct cortex, compared with sex-matched YTHDF1+/+ mice. Thus, this study demonstrates a sexual dimorphism of YTHDF1 in regulating post-ischemic inflammation and pathophysiology. Hence, post-stroke epitranscriptomic regulation might be sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Mehta SL, Arruri V, Vemuganti R. Role of transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, epitranscriptomics, and epigenetics in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2024:10.1111/jnc.16055. [PMID: 38279529 PMCID: PMC11272908 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroinflammation is pivotal in brain repair, yet persistent inflammation can aggravate ischemic brain damage and hamper recovery. Following stroke, specific molecules released from brain cells attract and activate central and peripheral immune cells. These immune cells subsequently release diverse inflammatory molecules within the ischemic brain, initiating a sequence of events, including activation of transcription factors in different brain cell types that modulate gene expression and influence outcomes; the interactive action of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to regulate multiple biological processes including inflammation, epitranscriptomic RNA modification that controls RNA processing, stability, and translation; and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications crucial in managing the genic response to stroke. Interactions among these events further affect post-stroke inflammation and shape the depth of ischemic brain damage and functional outcomes. We highlighted these aspects of neuroinflammation in this review and postulate that deciphering these mechanisms is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate post-stroke dysfunction and enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L. Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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