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Wafa MH, Ayoub AI, Bukhari TA, Amer Bugnah AA, Alabawy AAH, Alsaiari AH, Aljondi HM, Alhusseini SH, Alenazi FA, Refai HM. Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48151. [PMID: 38046782 PMCID: PMC10692990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to any stage of glucose intolerance that begins or is first noticed during pregnancy. GDM has long been an issue in Saudi Arabia. When a pregnant woman who does not already have diabetes is unable to produce enough insulin, GDM develops. GDM patients not only run the danger of developing a number of health issues for themselves but also for the health of their developing fetus. The first step in GDM screening during pregnancy is raising awareness of the condition. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes with regard to GDM among pregnant women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 539 females from obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in civil and military hospitals. Data collection was done using a valid questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 539 women were included in the study, spanning various age groups from under 20 to above 40 years, with pregnancy occurrences ranging from one to four times. Most participants exhibited strong understanding, with 410 (76.1%) demonstrating awareness of GDM, and 382 (70.9%) having a clear grasp of its definition. Additionally, a majority displayed positive attitudes toward managing GDM. CONCLUSION The Saudi women who participated in this study showed good knowledge of GDM and its risk factors, as well as a good attitude regarding the management of GDM and lifestyle modification to reduce its complications. The participants gave adequately logical answers about the sources of information about GDM and about the barriers to effective GDM management. A highly significant association was noticed between knowledge and attitude regarding GDM among the participants (p = <0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Hussein Wafa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Afnan I Ayoub
- College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Tayf A Bukhari
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hayat M Refai
- Internal Medicine, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
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Tan J, Chen L, Wu Y, Zhu X, Fei H. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4365-4376. [PMID: 37789879 PMCID: PMC10543753 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s423565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and changes in diet and lifestyle play important roles in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with GDM at Hangzhou Women's Hospital, China, between September 1, 2022, and October 26, 2022. A questionnaire was designed that included the following dimensions: demographic/clinical information, knowledge, attitude and practice. Correlations between knowledge, attitude and practice scores were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Factors associated with practice score ≥14/16 were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results The analysis included 499 women with GDM and a mean age of 31.22±3.89 years. The average knowledge, attitude and practice score were 11.55±3.04, 34.23±4.06 and 10.7±2.87 points, respectively. Knowledge score was positively correlated with attitude score (r=0.318, P<0.001) and practice score (r=0.351, P<0.001); attitude and practice scores were also positively correlated (r=0.209, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified higher knowledge score (odds ratio [OR], 1.138; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.042-1.244; P=0.004) and higher attitude score (OR, 1.137; 95% CI, 1.060-1.219; P<0.001) as independently associated with good practice (ie, practice score ≥14 points). Conclusion The results provide important insights into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women with GDM in China regarding GDM and its management. These findings may facilitate the development and implementation of education and training programs to improve the self-management of GDM by women in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Department of Nutrition, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lumeng Chen
- Department of Outpatient, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Outpatient, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Zhu
- Department of Ministry of Women’s Health, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Fei
- Department of Reproduction and Family Planning, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Dissassa HD, Tufa DG, Geleta LA, Dabalo YA, Oyato BT. Knowledge on gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of North Shewa zone public hospitals, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073339. [PMID: 37751960 PMCID: PMC10533783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently rising. Assessing GDM knowledge and taking various public health actions will help pregnant women know more about the condition, resulting in its prevention. OBJECTIVE To assess pregnant women's knowledge of GDM and associated factors at antenatal care clinics of public hospitals in the North Shewa zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Five public hospitals of North Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 417 pregnant women. METHODS A face-to-face interview was conducted. A 13-items tool was used to measure GDM knowledge. Multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with the knowledge of GDM. The adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI and a p<0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Overall, 48% (95% CI 43.4% to 52.8%) of pregnant women had sufficient knowledge about GDM. The level of sufficient knowledge for GDM risk factors, screening/treatment and its consequences were 48%, 54.4% and 99%, respectively. Age group 15-24 years (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 11.59), attending secondary and above education (AOR 4.27, 95% CI 1.29 to 14.070, women whose partners attended primary school (AOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.36 to 10.78), history of GDM (AOR 3.36, 95% CI 1.68 to 6.71), history of hypertension (AOR 2.42, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.84), receiving preconception care (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.74 to 5.22) and being multigravida (AOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.52 to 6.67) were factors significantly associated with sufficient knowledge about GDM. CONCLUSION Overall, more than half of pregnant women have insufficient knowledge about GDM. Significant association between GDM knowledge and women's age, women's and partners' educational status, preconception care, history of GDM and hypertension, and the number of pregnancies were detected. Therefore, to increase pregnant women's GDM knowledge, health education programmes in the community and healthcare facilities should target the identified factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Dejene Dissassa
- College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Derara Girma Tufa
- College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Leta Adugna Geleta
- College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Amsalu Dabalo
- Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Befekadu Tesfaye Oyato
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Imoh L, Longwap A, Yersib N, Gowok D, Muhammad Z, Imoh J, Banwat M. Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: knowledge and correlates amongst antenatal care providers in healthcare facilities in Jos, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:384-393. [PMID: 37545912 PMCID: PMC10398434 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antenatal healthcare providers' (AHPs) knowledge about hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) and its screening best practices affect the management of affected pregnant women. We assessed the knowledge of HIP and associated factors amongst first line AHPs. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 188 Doctors, Nurses and Community Health providers directly involved in providing antenatal care at all levels of health care in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, selected through total sampling technique. Result A total of 103 AHPs (54.8%) were females. The mean knowledge score (SD) score was 17.0+/-5.5 (out of 30). Only 93 (49.5%) had a good knowledge of HIP (Knowledge score ≥18). Only 88 (46.8%) could correctly identify 75g OGTT or 100g OGTT as diagnostic tests for GDM. Gender, category of hospital, level of care of the institution and job designation were significantly associated with knowledge of HIP after bivariate analysis (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis, only the category of institution and job designation were independently associated with knowledge of HIP. Conclusion The general level of knowledge of HIP among AHPs is average but awareness of testing and management guidelines is very poor hence the need for regular updates for health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Imoh
- University of Jos, Department of Chemical Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | - Joy Imoh
- University of Jos, Department of Geography and Planning
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Offomiyor FA, Rehal S. Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthy Pregnant Women Towards Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:39-52. [PMID: 36409078 PMCID: PMC9827495 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221139105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue and a threat to the well-being of a mother and her offspring. As a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper explores the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthy expectant mothers towards GDM, and the content of GDM information delivered by prenatal nurses during Antenatal Clinic (ANC) in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Semi-structured telephone interviews were employed with 22 participants comprising 20 pregnant women and 2 antenatal nurses. The results reveal that majority of the pregnant women were unaware of GDM as a particular health condition during pregnancy that poses a risk to both maternal and infant health and could lead to a long-term risk of developing the chronic condition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This low level of awareness was attributed to a lack of adequate information during prenatal clinic sessions. The findings from this study emphasize the need to enhance the quality of public health education offered to pregnant women during pre and antenatal clinical services emphasizing GDM as part of the overall global agenda on promoting maternal and infant health.
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Jiang L, Tang K, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Ekeroma A, Li X, Zhang E, Bhutta ZA. A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:760-775. [PMID: 36109676 PMCID: PMC9483536 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two important maternal cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) (including pre-eclampsia) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), result in a large disease burden for pregnant individuals worldwide. A global consensus has not been reached about the diagnostic criteria for HDP and GDM, making it challenging to assess differences in their disease burden between countries and areas. However, both diseases show an unevenly distributed disease burden for regions with a low income or middle income, or low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), or regions with lower sociodemographic and human development indexes. In addition to many common clinical, demographic and behavioural risk factors, the development and clinical consequences of maternal CMDs are substantially influenced by the social determinants of health, such as systemic marginalization. Although progress has been occurring in the early screening and management of HDP and GDM, the accuracy and long-term effects of such screening and management programmes are still under investigation. In addition to pharmacological therapies and lifestyle modifications at the individual level, a multilevel approach in conjunction with multisector partnership should be adopted to tackle the public health issues and health inequity resulting from maternal CMDs. The current COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health service delivery, with women with maternal CMDs being particularly vulnerable to this public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kun Tang
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Laura A Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alec Ekeroma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- National University of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - Xuan Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enyao Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Institute for Global Health & Development, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Ogu R, Maduka O, Agala V, Obuah P, Horsfall F, Azi E, Nwibubasa C, Edewor U, Porbeni I, John O, Orazulike N, Kalio D, Okagua K, Edet C, Harry A, Ugboma H, Abam C. The Case for Early and Universal Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from 9314 Pregnant Women in a Major City in Nigeria. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1769-1778. [PMID: 36006594 PMCID: PMC9500119 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk-based screening has been replaced by universal screening as the recommended course of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). As of 2016, no state in Nigeria had implemented a policy of universal screening for GDM. This research aimed to assess findings from a universal screening programme and its implication for scaling up universal and early screening for GDM. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Rivers State Nigeria between February 2017 and January 2020. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 9314 pregnant women from 30 primary, secondary, and tertiary health facilities in the state. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used by trained healthcare workers to collect socio-demographic, obstetric and medical information. All study participants had a plasma glucose test on their first hospital visit and a diagnosis made using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data obtained was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS Most women [5683 (61.0%)] were aged 25-34 (mean 29.60 ± 5.64) years. The prevalence of GDM in this study was 5.2% with a prevalence of GDM in the first, second and third trimesters of 4.9%, 4.2% and 6.7%, respectively. The prevalence of GDM among persons with a family history of diabetes was 13.2% (97 persons) while 4.6% (391 persons) without family history were diagnosed with GDM. Gestational age, family history of diabetes and age group were found to be significant predictors of GDM among the study participants after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION The practice of universal screening was useful in identifying GDM in 1 out of 20 pregnant women in the study sample. Screening at all trimesters was useful in identifying GDM. There is an urgent need to scale up early and universal screening for GDM across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Ogu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Omosivie Maduka
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
| | - Vetty Agala
- Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Precious Obuah
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Faithwin Horsfall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Esther Azi
- Department of Community Medicine, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Nwibubasa
- Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ufuoma Edewor
- Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ibimonye Porbeni
- Medical Services Department, Nigeria Agip Oil Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Osita John
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Orazulike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Dango Kalio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Okagua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Clement Edet
- Department of Community Medicine, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Agiriye Harry
- Department of Community Medicine, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Henry Ugboma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Claribel Abam
- Medical Women's Association of Nigeria, Rivers State Branch, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Bashir MM, Ahmed LA, Alshamsi MR, Almahrooqi S, Alyammahi T, Alshehhi SA, Alhammadi WI, Alhosani HA, Alhammadi FH, Al-Rifai RH, Al-Maskari F. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Its Knowledge and Associated Factors among United Arab Emirates University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148381. [PMID: 35886231 PMCID: PMC9321366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) burden is burgeoning globally. Correct knowledge about GDM among young people is paramount for timely prevention. This study assesses GDM knowledge and identifies factors associated with it among United Arab Emirates (UAE) University students. A validated self-administered questionnaire collected data from the university students. We analyzed the data for GDM knowledge status (ever heard of GDM) and GDM knowledge levels (poor, fair, and good) and conducted ordinal logistic regressions to assess for associated factors. A total of 735 students were surveyed with a mean age of 21.0 years. Of these, 72.8% had heard of GDM, and 52.9% of males versus 20.3% of female students had never heard of the condition before. Higher age (p = 0.019) and being a postgraduate student (p = 0.026) were associated with higher GDM knowledge status in males. GDM knowledge level analysis showed that 24.0%, 58.5%, and 17.5% had poor, fair, and good knowledge. The mean GDM-knowledge score was 6.3 ± 2.4 (out of 12). Being married [aOR-1.82 (95%CI 1.10–3.03)] and knowing someone who had GDM [aOR-1.78 (95%CI 1.23–2.60)] were independently associated with higher GDM knowledge levels among students. Students’ primary source of GDM knowledge was family/friends. There is an observed knowledge gap related to GDM among the students, especially males. This study urges the need to accelerate targeted GDM awareness campaigns among university students and the general population in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam M. Bashir
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meera R. Alshamsi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Sara Almahrooqi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Taif Alyammahi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Shooq A. Alshehhi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Waad I. Alhammadi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Hind A. Alhosani
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Fatima H. Alhammadi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
| | - Rami H. Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.M.B.); (L.A.A.); (M.R.A.); (S.A.); (T.A.); (S.A.A.); (W.I.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.H.A.); (R.H.A.-R.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Abdulaziz Khayat A, fallatah N. Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Saudi Women in a Primary Health Care Center of Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e22979. [PMID: 35415024 PMCID: PMC8994052 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes mellitus known as any stage of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Awareness of GDM is the first step toward its screening in pregnancy. This study was designed to assess knowledge of GDM, its screening, and risk factors among Saudi women attending primary healthcare center in Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on Saudi women who attended the primary healthcare centers in Almadinah Almunawarah during the study period from January 2021 to June 2021. The sampling technique used was the stratification of primary healthcare centers in Madinah. According to the Epi-Info, version 3.5.1, the minimum sample size was 292. Data collection was done using a valid, Arabic self-administered questionnaire, which was composed of two main parts: general sociodemographic data and a questionnaire to assess GDM knowledge and awareness (12 questions). Data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results In this study, 333 women were enrolled with an age range between 18 and 60 years, with a mean of 34.31±9.21 years. Overall, more than half of the women (53.45%) had a poor level of knowledge related to GDM, whereas only 7.80% had a good level of knowledge. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women living in rural areas were at almost four-fold higher risk of having a poor level of knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-41.98, p=0.0031). With a one-year increase in women’s age, the risk of poor knowledge increased by 4% (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.08-1.48, p=0.001). In comparison to illiterate women, university-graduated and postgraduate women had a significantly lower risk of poor knowledge (aOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.31, p=0.001 and aOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.66, p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusion The GDM knowledge of Saudi adult women was poor, particularly regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment with insulin. However, their knowledge regarding treatment by lifestyle and diet modifications was quite acceptable.
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Lis-Kuberka J, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Polish Women Have Moderate Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Breastfeeding Benefits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910409. [PMID: 34639709 PMCID: PMC8508017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a multifaceted disease and is associated with complications for newborns and mothers. The aim of the study was to assess Polish women’s knowledge concerning GDM and their attitude to breastfeeding. As a research tool, an anonymous online survey that included 33 questions, grouped into three main sections—sociodemographic and obstetric variables, risk factors for GDM and neonatal adverse outcomes, and knowledge about breastfeeding—was used and administered online. A total of 410 women aged from 18 to 45 participated in this study. Based on the survey, it was demonstrated that the women had moderate knowledge concerning the maternal risk factors and adverse neonatal outcomes associated with GDM and, additionally, the short- and long-term effects of breastfeeding. Significantly deeper knowledge about GDM, including breastfeeding by GDM mothers, was observed among hyperglycemic mothers in comparison to normoglycemic mothers. However, knowledge concerning the health benefits of breastfeeding was not related to the mothers’ glycemic status. In conclusion, educational programs must include pre-pregnancy education of women and place emphasis on explaining the mechanism of development of GDM and the transformation of GDM to type 2 diabetes. This is crucial for changing the public’s perception of GDM as a temporary, reversible clinical entity.
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Carolan-Olah M, Vasilevski V. Development and validation of the 'Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes (GDM)' questionnaire among a sample of women with GDM in Australia. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2112-2118. [PMID: 33568322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, there are few validated tools that measure women's knowledge of GDM and no tool was located, that measured effective self-management of GDM. To address this gap, this study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the 'Knowledge of GDM' questionnaire, for use by pregnant women. METHODS A total of 116 pregnant women, with recently diagnosed GDM, were recruited from a public hospital in Australia. Content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were undertaken as part of the validation process. RESULTS The questionnaire performed well in terms of content validity and internal consistency. Test-retest reliability indicated that the instrument was effective at measuring knowledge of GDM over time. CONCLUSION we concluded that the Knowledge of GDM questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure of GDM knowledge, nutrition values and self-management principles. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The questionnaire can be used to effectively determine knowledge gaps and the information needs of pregnant women with GDM. This information can then be used to improve health literacy and provide targeted support for women to better self-manage GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carolan-Olah
- Victoria University, College of Health and Biomedicine, St Alban's Campus, PO Box 14228, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
| | - Vidanka Vasilevski
- Research Fellow, School of Nursing & Midwifery - Western Health Partnership, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
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Byakwaga E, Sekikubo M, Nakimuli A. Level of and factors associated with awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:467. [PMID: 34193058 PMCID: PMC8247146 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is significantly increasing worldwide and the disorder causes substantial short term and long-term adverse effects both to the mother and the unborn baby. Public health measures to increase awareness of GDM among pregnant women may aid in prevention of the disease through life style modification, screening, early diagnosis and management but very few studies have assessed awareness of GDM among pregnant women in sub Saharan Africa and none of these are from Uganda. This study therefore sought to evaluate the level of and factors associated with awareness of GDM among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital (KNRH), the busiest obstetric unit in Uganda, so as to assess their health sensitization needs. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 403 participants at 30 weeks of gestation and above after giving written informed consent. Systematic sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. The collected data was entered in Epidata version 4.2 and exported to Stata for analysis. Continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Factors associated with awareness were assessed at both bivariate and multivariate levels. Results Four hundred three pregnant women were recruited, majority (35.5 %) were between 20 and 24 years and their mean age was 26.6 years. Only 125 (31 %) participants were aware of GDM. Age and educational level were significantly associated with awareness of GDM. Women aged 35 years and above were more likely to be aware of GDM (OR = 2.34 (95 % CI = 1.14–4.81) p = 0.021. Women with primary education or no education were less likely to be aware (OR = 0.48 (CI 0.24–0.96) p = 0.038. Conclusions Awareness of GDM was poor among study participants. There is need to improve the health education programs in order to increase awareness of GDM among women attending ANC at KNRH. Women below 35 years of age and those with primary education or less should be specifically targeted when giving health education sessions so as to increase their awareness of GDM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03927-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Byakwaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Musa Sekikubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
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Alejandro EU, Mamerto TP, Chung G, Villavieja A, Gaus NL, Morgan E, Pineda-Cortel MRB. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5003. [PMID: 32679915 PMCID: PMC7404253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during pregnancy, has been identified as one of the major obstacles in achieving improved maternal and child health. Approximately 9-25% of pregnancies worldwide are impacted by the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications of this disease. Here, we discuss how GDM affects longstanding maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as health risks that likely persist into future generations. In addition to the current challenges in the management and diagnosis of and the complications associated with GDM, we discuss current preclinical models of GDM to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and the timely need to increase our scientific toolbox to identify strategies to prevent and treat GDM, thereby advancing clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Therriz P. Mamerto
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adrian Villavieja
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Nawirah Lumna Gaus
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- Baystate Medical Center, Baystate Health, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
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