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Anglim J, Molloy K, Dunlop PD, Albrecht SL, Lievens F, Marty A. Values assessment for personnel selection: comparing job applicants to non-applicants. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2021.2008911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy Anglim
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Karlyn Molloy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Filip Lievens
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore
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2
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Dunkel CS, van der Linden D, Kawamoto T, Oshio A. The General Factor of Personality as Ego-Resiliency. Front Psychol 2021; 12:741462. [PMID: 34880808 PMCID: PMC8645775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was originally hypothesized by Block that what has come to be known as the General Factor of Personality (GFP) reflects ego-resiliency. We test Block's hypothesis in two studies. In Study 1 a meta-analysis (N = 15,609) examining the relationship between the GFP and ego-resiliency/resilience was conducted. In Study 2 (N = 157) archival data from Block and Block was used to examine the association between rater judged ego-resiliency across childhood, adolescence, and into early adulthood and the GFP based on self-report in early adulthood. Using structural equation modeling for the meta-analytic data, the correlation between the GFP and ego-resiliency/resilience was estimated at r = 0.93. Using a trait-state occasion model to test the hypothesis in Study 2, the correlation between the GFP and rated ego-resiliency was estimated at r = 0.85. The results of the two studies offer substantial support for Block's original hypothesis. Given the strength of the associations between the GFP and ego-resiliency/resilience one may conclude that the two constructs largely reflect the same underlying phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis S. Dunkel
- Department of Psychology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, United States
| | - Dimitri van der Linden
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Wood JK, Anglim J, Horwood S. A less evaluative measure of Big Five personality: Comparison of structure and criterion validity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211012920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers and practitioners have long been concerned about detrimental effects of socially desirable responding on the structure and criterion validity of personality assessments. The current research examined the effect of reducing evaluative item content of a Big Five personality assessment on test structure and criterion validity. We developed a new public domain measure of the Big Five called the Less Evaluative Five Factor Inventory (LEFFI), adapted from the standard 50-item IPIP NEO, and intended to be less evaluative. Participants ( n = 3164) then completed standard (IPIP) and neutralized (LEFFI) measures of personality. Criteria were also collected, including academic grades, age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, protesting, religious worship, music preferences, dental hygiene, blood donation, other-rated communication styles, other-rated HEXACO personality, and cognitive ability (ICAR). Evaluativeness of items was reduced in the neutralized measure. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability were maintained. Correlations between the Big Five were reduced in the neutralized measure and criterion validity was similar or slightly reduced in the neutralized measure. The large sample size and use of objective criteria extend past research. The study also contributes to debates about whether the general factor of personality and agreement with socially desirable content reflect substance or bias.
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Nordmo M, Skoglund TH, Lang-Ree OC, Austad SK, Martinussen M. The psychometric properties and norm data of the Norwegian military personality inventory (NMPI). Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:596-607. [PMID: 34251699 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The five-factor structure is a well-established model for personality. The five traits covary with job-performance and work-relevant outcomes. The practical administration of existing big-five measurement scales is, however, somewhat limited, in a Norwegian setting, as existing scales are impractically large or have unknown psychometric properties. Because of this, a new brief Norwegian personality assessment tool has been developed by the Norwegian Armed Forces. This study aims to uncover the psychometric properties of the 50-item Norwegian military personality inventory (NMPI-50) and establish norm data for practical use. The inventory was administered to the 2002 cohort of Norwegian 17-year olds (N = 54,355), and analyzed with factor analysis, graded response models and tests of gender invariance. The five scales of the NMPI-50 showed satisfactory internal consistency, yielded high information across a broad range of the five traits, and conformed to a bi-factor structure with one general factor and five specific factors. The general factor was positively associated with motivation for military service, indicating some measurement bias. The openness scale is less clearly psychometrically defined, compared to the other scales, and both extroversion and openness show some evidence of multidimensionality. The scales also showed scalar invariance between genders except for the openness scale. Overall, the results support the use of NMPI-50 in personnel assessment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nordmo
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway
| | - Tom H Skoglund
- Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole C Lang-Ree
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway
| | - Sara K Austad
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway
| | - Monica Martinussen
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway.,RKBU Nord, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Turner MJ, Wood AG, Boatwright D, Chadha N, Jones JK, Bennett R. Assessing beliefs about emotion generation and change: The conceptualisation, development, and validation of the Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire (CMBQ). Psychother Res 2021; 31:932-949. [PMID: 33464169 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1871524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate emotions is important for human function and health. That emotion regulation can be achieved through cognitive change is predicated on the notion of cognitive mediation. However, the extent to which individuals believe that their emotions are cognitively mediated (C-M), or in contrast, that their emotions occur via stimulus-response (S-R), is underexplored, and whether C-M and S-R beliefs shape emotion reactivity is not yet known. Research that addresses these empirical needs could inform emotion regulation interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs). The current paper reports the development and initial validity testing of the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ). Five studies report the factor structure, the construct and criterion validity, and the test-retest reliability of the CMBQ. The CMBQ was found to have a correlated two-factor structure (C-M change beliefs, and S-R generation beliefs). Higher C-M change beliefs and lower S-R generation beliefs were related to greater emotion regulation, greater thought control ability, higher positive mental health, and lower emotion reactivity. The CMBQ also demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability. Initial testing indicates that the CMBQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire for psychometric use in adult populations, including those with a diagnosed mental health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Turner
- Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew G Wood
- Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Boatwright
- Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Nanaki Chadha
- Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Jennifer K Jones
- Faculty of Heath, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Bennett
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Anglim J, O’connor P. Measurement and research using the Big Five, HEXACO, and narrow traits: A primer for researchers and practitioners. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy Anglim
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Peter O’connor
- School of Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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7
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Na G, Fietzer AW. A National Survey of Social Justice Engagement Among Professional Counselors. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GoEun Na
- Department of Educational Foundations and Counseling ProgramsHunter College of the City University of New York
| | - Alexander W. Fietzer
- Department of Educational Foundations and Counseling ProgramsHunter College of the City University of New York
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8
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Lee H, Smith WZ. A Bayesian Random Block Item Response Theory Model for Forced-Choice Formats. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2020; 80:578-603. [PMID: 32425220 PMCID: PMC7221495 DOI: 10.1177/0013164419871659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the framework of testlet models, the current study suggests the Bayesian random block item response theory (BRB IRT) model to fit forced-choice formats where an item block is composed of three or more items. To account for local dependence among items within a block, the BRB IRT model incorporated a random block effect into the response function and used a Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure for simultaneous estimation of item and trait parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that the BRB IRT model performed well for the estimation of item and trait parameters and for screening those with relatively low scores on target traits. As found in the literature, the composition of item blocks was crucial for model performance; negatively keyed items were required for item blocks. The empirical application showed the performance of the BRB IRT model was equivalent to that of the Thurstonian IRT model. The potential advantage of the BRB IRT model as a base for more complex measurement models was also demonstrated by incorporating gender as a covariate into the BRB IRT model to explain response probabilities. Recommendations for the adoption of forced-choice formats were provided along with the discussion about using negatively keyed items.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeSun Lee
- California State University Channel
Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Weldon Z. Smith
- California State University Channel
Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
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Pelt DHM, Van der Linden D, Dunkel CS, Born MP. The Motivation and Opportunity for Socially Desirable Responding Does Not Alter the General Factor of Personality. Assessment 2019; 28:1376-1396. [PMID: 31619053 PMCID: PMC8167912 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119880960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Socially desirable responding may affect the factor structure of personality questionnaires and may be one of the reasons for the common variance among personality traits. In this study, we test this hypothesis by investigating the influence of the motivational test-taking context (development vs. selection) and the opportunity to distort responses (forced-choice vs. Likert response format) on personality questionnaire scores. Data from real selection and assessment candidates (total N = 3,980) matched on gender, age, and educational level were used. Mean score differences were found between the selection and development groups, with smaller differences for the FC version. Yet, exploratory structural equation models showed that the overall factor structures as well as the general factor were highly similar across the four groups. Thus, although socially desirable responding may affect mean scores on personality traits, it does not appear to affect factor structures. This study further suggests that the common variance in personality questionnaires is consistent and appears to be little influenced by motivational pressures for response distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H M Pelt
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Ixly, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marise Ph Born
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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10
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Laguna M, Mielniczuk E, Razmus W. Test of the Bifactor Model of Job-Related Affective Well-Being. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 15:342-357. [PMID: 33574959 PMCID: PMC7871746 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The multidimensional measure of the job-related affective well-being developed by Warr (1990) is a frequently used tool estimating affect in the work context. Alternative factorial models of this measure were tested in previous studies. Recently a bifactor model has been proposed as alternative factorial structure recommended for multifaceted constructs. It allows capturing the global aspect of the construct along with the specificity of its subdimensions. We conducted two studies to test a bifactor model on Warr’s measure and to compare it to factor models proposed in earlier studies. This bifactor model identified one general factor in addition to four unique factors. Two studies were conducted among employees (Study 1; N = 869) and entrepreneurs (Study 2; N = 204). Results of both studies corroborate a four correlated factors model as superior to the bifactor model. The model with four unique but correlated factors representing anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm is a good representation of job-related affective well-being measured by Warr’s instrument, both in a sample of employees and entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Laguna
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Mielniczuk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiktor Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Anglim J, Morse G, Dunlop PD, Minbashian A, Marty A. Predicting trait emotional intelligence from HEXACO personality: Domains, facets, and the general factor of personality. J Pers 2019; 88:324-338. [PMID: 31152439 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the overlap between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and personality. This overlap was examined using the HEXACO personality framework at both the domain and the facet levels, and through varying methods of deriving a general factor of personality (GFP). METHOD A sample of 1,370 Australian adults (51% male, age in years M = 45.5, SD = 11.7, range: 21-71) completed the 200-item HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Modified Assessing Emotions Scale measure of self-reported Trait EI. RESULTS The strongest domain correlations with Total EI emerged for Extraversion (r = .67) followed by Openness (r = .39), Conscientiousness (r = .35), and Agreeableness (r = .26). Large adjusted multiple correlations were obtained when predicting Total EI from HEXACO domains (.74) and facets (.81). The correlations of the GFP and Total EI ranged from .53 to .64 depending on how the GFP was operationalized. CONCLUSION Trait EI is largely captured by the HEXACO personality framework, whereby Extraversion or the GFP provides a rough initial approximation, but composites of domains and facets provide progressively better representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy Anglim
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Morse
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D Dunlop
- Future of Work Institute, Faculty of Business and Law, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Biderman MD, McAbee ST, Hendy NT, Chen ZJ. Validity of evaluative factors from Big Five and HEXACO questionnaires. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Anglim J, Morse G, De Vries RE, MacCann C, Marty A. Comparing Job Applicants to Non–Applicants Using An Item–Level Bifactor Model on the Hexaco Personality Inventory. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of item–level bifactor models (a) to provide an alternative explanation to current theories of higher order factors of personality and (b) to explain socially desirable responding in both job applicant and non–applicant contexts. Participants (46% male; mean age = 42 years, SD = 11) completed the 200–item HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised either as part of a job application ( n = 1613) or as part of low–stakes research ( n = 1613). A comprehensive set of invariance tests were performed. Applicants scored higher than non–applicants on honesty–humility ( d = 0.86), extraversion ( d = 0.73), agreeableness ( d = 1.06), and conscientiousness ( d = 0.77). The bifactor model provided improved model fit relative to a standard correlated factor model, and loadings on the evaluative factor of the bifactor model were highly correlated with other indicators of item social desirability. The bifactor model explained approximately two–thirds of the differences between applicants and non–applicants. Results suggest that rather than being a higher order construct, the general factor of personality may be caused by an item–level evaluative process. Results highlight the importance of modelling data at the item–level. Implications for conceptualizing social desirability, higher order structures in personality, test development, and job applicant faking are discussed. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Morse
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Reinout E. De Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Educational Science, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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14
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Incremental validity of positive orientation: predictive efficiency beyond the five-factor model. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2016. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2016.59895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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