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Henriksen BI, Møller SH, Malmkvist J. Animal welfare measured at mink farms in Europe. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ronaghinia AA, Birch JM, Frandsen HL, Toutain PL, Damborg P, Struve T. Evaluating a tylosin dosage regimen for treatment of Staphylococcus delphini infection in mink (Neovison vison): a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach. Vet Res 2021; 52:34. [PMID: 33640030 PMCID: PMC7913401 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus delphini is one of the most common pathogens isolated from mink infections, especially dermatitis. Tylosin (TYL) is used frequently against these infections, although no evidence-based treatment regimen exists. This study aimed to explore the dosage of TYL for infections caused by S. delphini in mink. Two animal experiments with a total of 12 minks were conducted to study the serum pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of TYL in mink after 10 mg/kg IV and oral dosing, respectively. The concentration of TYL in serum samples collected before and eight times during 24 h after TYL administration was quantitated with liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the TYL disposition was analyzed using non-linear mixed effect analysis. The pharmacodynamics (PD) of TYL against S. delphini were studied using semi-mechanistic modeling of in vitro time-kill experiments. PKPD modeling and simulation were done to establish the PKPD index and dosage regimen. The disposition of TYL was described by a two-compartmental model. The area under the free concentration-time curve of TYL over the minimum inhibitory concentration of S. delphini (fAUC/MIC) was determined as PKPD index with breakpoints of 48.9 and 98.7 h for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, respectively. The calculated daily oral dose of TYL was 2378 mg/kg, which is 238-fold higher than the currently used TYL oral dosage regimen in mink (10 mg/kg). Accordingly, sufficient TYL concentrations are impossible to achieve in mink plasma, and use of this drug for extra-intestinal infections in this animal species must be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Atabak Ronaghinia
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., Langagervej 60, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Julie Melsted Birch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., Langagervej 60, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauritz Frandsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.,INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina Struve
- Kopenhagen Diagnostics, Department of Health and Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., Langagervej 60, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
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Arcanobacterium phocae infection in mink (Neovison vison), seals (Phoca vitulina, Halichoerus grypus) and otters (Lutra lutra). Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:74. [PMID: 29073927 PMCID: PMC5658911 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious skin disorders are not uncommon in mink. Such disorders are important as they have a negative impact on animal health and welfare as well as on the quality and value of the fur. This study presents the isolation of Arcanobacterium phocae from mink with severe skin lesions and other pathological conditions, and from wild seals and otters. Results In 2015, A. phocae was isolated for the first time in Denmark from outbreaks of dermatitis in mink farms. The outbreaks affected at least 12 farms. Originating from these 12 farms, 23 animals cultured positive for A. phocae. The main clinical findings were necrotizing pododermatitis or dermatitis located to other body sites, such as the lumbar and cervical regions. A. phocae could be isolated from skin lesions and in nine animals also from liver, spleen and lung, indicating a systemic spread. The bacterium was also, for the first time in Denmark, detected in dead seals (n = 9) (lungs, throat or wounds) and otters (n = 2) (throat and foot). Conclusions An infectious skin disorder in mink associated with A. phocae has started to occur in Danish farmed mink. The origin of the infection has not been identified and it is still not clear what the pathogenesis or the port of entry for A. phocae infections are. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0342-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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