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Cong Z, Wan T, Wang J, Feng L, Cao C, Li Z, Wang X, Han Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qu Y, Guo X. Epidemiological and clinical features of malignant hyperthermia: A scoping review. Clin Genet 2024; 105:233-242. [PMID: 38148504 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal inherited pharmacogenetic disorder related to pathogenic variants in the RYR1, CACNA1S, or STAC3 genes. Early recognition of the occurrence of MH and prompt medical treatment are indispensable to ensure a positive outcome. The purpose of this study was to provide valuable information for the early identification of MH by summarizing epidemiological and clinical features of MH. This scoping review followed the methodological framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed, Embase, and Web of science databases were searched for studies that evaluated the epidemical and clinical characteristics of MH. A total of 37 studies were included in this review, of which 26 were related to epidemiology and 24 were associated with clinical characteristics. The morbidity of MH varied from 0.18 per 100 000 to 3.9 per 100 000. The mortality was within the range of 0%-18.2%. Identified risk factors included sex, age, disorders associated with MH, and others. The most frequent initial clinical signs included hyperthermia, sinus tachycardia, and hypercarbia. The occurrence of certain signs, such as hypercapnia, delayed first temperature measurement, and peak temperature were associated with poor outcomes. The epidemiological and clinical features of MH varied considerably and some risk factors and typical clinical signs were identified. The main limitation of this review is that the treatment and management strategies were not assessed sufficiently due to limited information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhukai Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Jiechu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Cathy Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzheng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and lmprovement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
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White R, Schiemann AH, Burling SM, Bjorksten A, Bulger T, Gillies R, Hopkins PM, Kamsteeg EJ, Machon RG, Massey S, Miller D, Perry M, Snoeck MM, Stephens J, Street N, van den Bersselaar LR, Stowell KM. Functional analysis of RYR1 variants in patients with confirmed susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:879-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Schiemann AH, Roesl C, Pollock N, Langton E, Bulger T, Stowell KM. Identification and Functional Analysis of RYR1 Variants in a Family with a Suspected Myopathy and Associated Malignant Hyperthermia. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 7:51-60. [PMID: 31903994 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) is a major skeletal muscle calcium release channel located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and involved in excitation-contraction coupling. Variants in the gene encoding RyR1 have been linked to a range of neuromuscular disorders including myopathies and malignant hyperthermia (MH). OBJECTIVE We have identified three RYR1 variants (c.1983 G>A, p.Trp661*; c.7025A>G, p.Asn2342Ser and c.2447 C>T, p.Pro816Leu) in a family with a suspected myopathy and associated malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. We used calcium release assays to functionally characterise these variants in a recombinant system. METHODS Site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce each variant separately into the human RYR1 cDNA. HEK293-T cells were transfected with the recombinant constructs and calcium release assays were carried out using 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC) as the RyR1 agonist to investigate the functional consequences of each variant. RESULTS RYR1 c.1983 G>A, p.Trp661* resulted in a non-functional channel, c.7025A>G, p.Asn2342Ser in a hypersensitive channel and c.2447 C>T, p.Pro816Leu in a hypersensitive channel at higher concentrations of 4-CmC. CONCLUSIONS The p.Trp661* RYR1 variant should be considered as a risk factor for myopathies. The p.Asn2342Ser RYR1 variant, when expressed as a compound heterozygote with a nonsense mutation on the second allele, is likely to result in MH-susceptibility. The role of the p.Pro816Leu variant in MH remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja H Schiemann
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
| | - Cornelia Roesl
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand.,Present address: LifeArc, Nine, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Pollock
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Manawatu, New Zealand.,Now retired
| | | | - Terasa Bulger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Manawatu, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M Stowell
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
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Parker R, Schiemann AH, Langton E, Bulger T, Pollock N, Bjorksten A, Gillies R, Hutchinson D, Roxburgh R, Stowell KM. Functional Characterization of C-terminal Ryanodine Receptor 1 Variants Associated with Central Core Disease or Malignant Hyperthermia. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 4:147-158. [PMID: 28527222 PMCID: PMC5467713 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Central core disease and malignant hyperthermia are human disorders of skeletal muscle resulting from aberrant Ca2+ handling. Most malignant hyperthermia and central core disease cases are associated with amino acid changes in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the skeletal muscle Ca2+-release channel. Malignant hyperthermia exhibits a gain-of-function phenotype, and central core disease results from loss of channel function. For a variant to be classified as pathogenic, functional studies must demonstrate a correlation with the pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia or central core disease. Objective: We assessed the pathogenicity of four C-terminal variants of the ryanodine receptor using functional analysis. The variants were identified in families affected by either malignant hyperthermia or central core disease. Methods: Four variants were introduced separately into human cDNA encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Following transient expression in HEK-293T cells, functional studies were carried out using calcium release assays in response to an agonist. Two previously characterized variants and wild-type skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor were used as controls. Results: The p.Met4640Ile variant associated with central core disease showed no difference in calcium release compared to wild-type. The p.Val4849Ile variant associated with malignant hyperthermia was more sensitive to agonist than wild-type but did not reach statistical significance and two variants (p.Phe4857Ser and p.Asp4918Asn) associated with central core disease were completely inactive. Conclusions: The p.Val4849Ile variant should be considered a risk factor for malignant hyperthermia, while the p.Phe4857Ser and p.Asp4918Asn variants should be classified as pathogenic for central core disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remai Parker
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anja H Schiemann
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Terasa Bulger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pollock
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Robyn Gillies
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne
| | - David Hutchinson
- Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Roxburgh
- Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M Stowell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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5
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Hudig K, Pollock N, Bulger T, Machon RG, Woodhead A, Schiemann AH, Stowell KM. Masseter muscle rigidity and the role of DNA analysis to confirm malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 47:60-68. [PMID: 30864471 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x18811816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an uncommon, autosomal dominant disorder of skeletal muscle, triggered by inhalational anaesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Masseter muscle rigidity (MMR) can be regarded as potentially a preceding sign for an MH reaction. Susceptibility to MH can be determined by the in vitro contracture test (IVCT) or DNA analysis where a familial variant is known. Our aims were to review patients with MMR, where IVCT and DNA analysis had been undertaken, to determine if DNA analysis could be used as an initial screening tool for MH susceptibility, and, by reviewing standard monitored variables (SMVs), to determine if any clinical characteristics could be used to differentiate between MMR patients who are MH susceptible (MHS) and those who are not. Patients with MMR were identified from the Palmerston North Hospital MH Reactions Database. IVCT and DNA analysis results were documented. DNA testing was performed retrospectively in the majority of patients as many patients had presented before DNA analysis was available. Forty-one patients were analysed. Fourteen were DNA positive/IVCT positive and six DNA positive only (48% in total), seven were IVCT positive/DNA negative and 14 were IVCT normal. Increased creatine kinase (>18,000 units/L) was consistent with MH susceptibility. Severity of MMR was not linked to MH susceptibility. This study confirmed that DNA analysis can be used as a first-line test for MH susceptibility in patients presenting with MMR (consistent with European MH Group recommendations). Creatine kinase was the only SMV that was significantly different between MHS and MH normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hudig
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Starship Children's Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pollock
- 2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Terasa Bulger
- 2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn G Machon
- 2 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Woodhead
- 3 Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Wellington Regional Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Anja H Schiemann
- 4 Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
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Gonsalves SG, Dirksen RT, Sangkuhl K, Pulk R, Alvarellos M, Vo T, Hikino K, Roden D, Klein TE, Poler SM, Patel S, Caudle KE, Gordon R, Brandom B, Biesecker LG. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for the Use of Potent Volatile Anesthetic Agents and Succinylcholine in the Context of RYR1 or CACNA1S Genotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1338-1344. [PMID: 30499100 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The identification in a patient of 1 of the 50 variants in the RYR1 or CACNA1S genes reviewed here should lead to a presumption of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). MHS can lead to life-threatening reactions to potent volatile anesthetic agents or succinylcholine. We summarize evidence from the literature supporting this association and provide therapeutic recommendations for the use of these agents in patients with these RYR1 or CACNA1S variants (updates at https://cpicpgx.org/guidelines and www.pharmgkb.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Gonsalves
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Pulk
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation and Outcomes, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Alvarellos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Teresa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Medicine Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - S Mark Poler
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sephalie Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly E Caudle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ronald Gordon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbara Brandom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mercy Hospital UPMC, North American MH Registry of MHAUS, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
This review identifies disease states associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility based on genotypic and phenotypic findings, and a framework is established for clinicians to identify a potentially malignant hyperthermia–susceptible patient.
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Frei D, Stowell KM, Langton EE, McRedmond L, Pollock NA, Bulger TF. Administration of Anaesthetic Triggering Agents to Patients Tested Malignant Hyperthermia Normal and Their Relatives in New Zealand: An Update. Anaesth Intensive Care 2017; 45:611-618. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1704500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Testing for malignant hyperthermia in New Zealand involves two tests—in vitro contracture testing of excised lateral quadriceps muscle and DNA analysis. In vitro contracture testing is regarded as the gold standard in malignant hyperthermia diagnosis but several publications have questioned the reliability of a normal result. Analysis of 479 anaesthetic records in 280 patients or their descendants throughout New Zealand who had tested negative for malignant hyperthermia, demonstrated there was no evidence of malignant hyperthermia episodes in this group who had been administered anaesthetic triggering agents. A wide range of anaesthetics were used over the study period. Analysis of each anaesthetic record was undertaken using the malignant hyperthermia grading scale which determines the likelihood that an anaesthetic event represents a malignant hyperthermia episode. Confirmation of the negative results was further supported by normal DNA analysis of patients in 48% of anaesthetics. There are advantages to using inhalational agents in certain situations and although demonstrating a zero risk of a malignant hyperthermia episode is not statistically possible, evidence in this large series suggests that the risk of an episode in these patients is extremely low and may be negligible. We suggest that anaesthetic triggering agents can be used safely in patients with normal in vitro contracture tests, and in their descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Frei
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K. M. Stowell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand
| | - E. E. Langton
- Specialist Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - L. McRedmond
- University of Auckland Medical School, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N. A. Pollock
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand
| | - T. F. Bulger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand
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Stephens J, Schiemann AH, Roesl C, Miller D, Massey S, Pollock N, Bulger T, Stowell K. Functional analysis of RYR1 variants linked to malignant hyperthermia. Temperature (Austin) 2016; 3:328-339. [PMID: 27857962 PMCID: PMC4964997 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1153360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia manifests as a rapid and sustained rise in temperature in response to pharmacological triggering agents, e.g. inhalational anesthetics and the muscle relaxant suxamethonium. Other clinical signs include an increase in end-tidal CO2, increased O2 consumption, as well as tachycardia, and if untreated a malignant hyperthermia episode can result in death. The metabolic changes are caused by dysregulation of skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis, resulting from a defective ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channel, which resides in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and controls the flux of Ca2+ ions from intracellular stores to the cytoplasm. Most genetic variants associated with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia occur in the RYR1 gene encoding the ryanodine receptor type 1. While malignant hyperthermia susceptibility can be diagnosed by in vitro contracture testing of skeletal muscle biopsy tissue, it is advantageous to use DNA testing. Currently only 35 of over 400 potential variants in RYR1 have been classed as functionally causative of malignant hyperthermia and thus can be used for DNA diagnostic tests. Here we describe functional analysis of 2 RYR1 variants (c. 7042_7044delCAG, p.ΔGlu2348 and c.641C>T, p.Thr214Met) that occur in the same malignant hyperthermia susceptible family. The p.Glu2348 deletion, causes hypersensitivity to ryanodine receptor agonists using in vitro analysis of cloned human RYR1 cDNA expressed in HEK293T cells, while the Thr214Met substitution, does not appear to significantly alter sensitivity to agonist in the same system. We suggest that the c. 7042_7044delCAG, p.ΔGlu2348 RYR1 variant could be added to the list of diagnostic mutations for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Stephens
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anja H Schiemann
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cornelia Roesl
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Miller
- UK Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Massey
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pollock
- Anaesthetic Department, Palmerston North Hospital , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Terasa Bulger
- Anaesthetic Department, Palmerston North Hospital , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Stowell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Roesl C, Sato K, Schiemann A, Pollock N, Stowell KM. Functional characterisation of the R2452W ryanodine receptor variant associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:195-201. [PMID: 25086907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder that manifests in susceptible individuals exposed to volatile anaesthetics. Over 400 variants in the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) have been reported but relatively few have been definitively associated with susceptibility to MH. This is largely due to the technical challenges of demonstrating abnormal Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study focuses on the R2452W variant and its functional characterisation with the aim of classifying this variant as MH causative. HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with full-length human wildtype or R2452W mutant RYR1 cDNA. In addition, B-lymphoblastoid cells from blood and myoblasts propagated from in vitro contracture tests were extracted from patients positive for the R2452W variant. All cell lines generated were loaded with the ratiometric dye Fura-2 AM, stimulated with the RYR1-specific agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol and Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum was monitored by fluorescence emission. All cells expressing the RYR1 R2452W variant show a significantly higher Ca(2+) release in response to the agonist, 4-chloro-m-cresol, compared to cells expressing RYR1 WT. These results indicate that the R2452W variant results in a hypersensitive ryanodine receptor 1 and suggest that the R2452W variant in the ryanodine receptor 1 is likely to be causative of MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roesl
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anja Schiemann
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pollock
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerstion North, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M Stowell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Nivoche Y, Bruneau B, Dahmani S. [Anesthetic malignant hyperthermia: what's new in 2012?]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2013; 32:e43-e47. [PMID: 23290613 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of anesthesia. Recent advances dealing with epidemiology of MH and the safe anesthetic course of MH susceptible patients are shortly presented here with a special insight into the preparation of modern anesthesia workstations, which they will share in operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nivoche
- Département d'anesthésiologie et réanimation, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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Schiemann AH, Dürholt EM, Pollock N, Stowell KM. Sequence capture and massively parallel sequencing to detect mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2012; 110:122-7. [PMID: 23035052 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disorder in which intracellular calcium homeostasis in the skeletal muscle of susceptible individuals is disrupted upon exposure to halogenated anaesthetics. While MH is linked to the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) on chromosome 19 and the α1S subunit of the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (CACNA1S) on chromosome 1, mutations have been found in only 50-70% of patients, and subsequently, there is a need for a more powerful screening tool. METHODS Genomic DNA capture and next-generation sequencing was used to screen 32 genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling, skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis, or immune response in two MH patients. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were used to functionally characterize candidate RYR1 mutations in one family. RESULTS Sequence analysis revealed two putative causative mutations in RYR1 in one patient. Segregation analysis and functional analysis support a causative role of the detected variants. The amount of Ca(2+) released after stimulation with 4-chloro-m-cresol from B lymphocytes of the MH-susceptible patients in the family was significantly greater compared with that of Ca(2+) released from cells of an MH-negative family member. In the other patient, no causative mutations were identified in the 32 genes screened. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we successfully demonstrate the use of genomic DNA capture and next-generation sequencing for identification of putative mutations causing MH. We also suggest that whole exome sequencing may be necessary to identify MH causing mutations in patients where no mutations in RYR1 and CACNA1S have been identified thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Schiemann
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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