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Hueza IM, Dipe VV, Gotardo AT, Gardner DR, de Almeida ERM, Górniak SL. Potential immunomodulatory response associated with L-mimosine in male Wistar rats. Toxicon 2023; 226:107084. [PMID: 36905965 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala is a plant that is used as animal and human food worldwide. This plant contains the toxic compound namely L-mimosine. The main mechanism of action of this compound involves its ability to chelate metal ions, which may interfere with the proliferative activity of cells and being studied for the treatment of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of L-mimosine on immune responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-mimosine on immune responses in Wistar rats. Different doses of L-mimosine (25, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered orally by gavage to adult rats for 28 days. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in animals, but a decrease in the T-dependent response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in animals treated with 60 mg/kg L-mimosine and an increase in the intensity of S. aureus phagocytosis by macrophages in animals treated with 40 or 60 mg/kg L-mimosine were observed. Therefore, these findings suggest that L-mimosine did not compromise macrophage activity and inhibited T-dependent clonal expansion during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Machado Hueza
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil; Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanius Vinicius Dipe
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - André Tadeu Gotardo
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Elaine Renata Motta de Almeida
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Lima Górniak
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Biochemistry of plants N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. Amino Acids 2021; 53:801-812. [PMID: 33950299 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants catalyze the biosynthesis of a large number of non-protein amino acids, which are usually toxic for other organisms. In this review, the chemistry and metabolism of N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids from plants are described. These N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids are composed of β-substituted alanines and include mimosine, β-pyrazol-1-yl-L-alanine, willardiine, isowillardiine, and lathyrine. These β-substituted alanines consisted of an N-heterocyclic moiety and an alanyl side chain. This review explains how these individual moieties are derived from their precursors and how they are used as the substrate for biosynthesizing the respective N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. In addition, known catabolism and possible role of these non-protein amino acids in the actual host is explained.
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3
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Lachowicz JI, Dalla Torre G, Cappai R, Randaccio E, Nurchi VM, Bachor R, Szewczuk Z, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Pisano MB, Cosentino S, Orrù G, Ibba A, Mujika J, Lopez X. Metal self-assembly mimosine peptides with enhanced antimicrobial activity: towards a new generation of multitasking chelating agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2862-2879. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid that can be used as a building block in peptides with metal coordination ability.
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Castellani ML, Petrarca C, Frydas S, Conti CM, Salini V, Conti P, Shanmugham LN. Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells (RBL-2H3) Generate Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) activation. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 21:211-7. [PMID: 17177158 DOI: 10.1177/172460080602100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that local neurogenic inflammation, possibly in response to different stimuli, may be involved in sensory nerve sensitization, migraine generation and some other precipitating events leading to neuronal dysfunction in the brain. In addition, mast cells generate eicosanoids that are linked to asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a small protein and a prototype member of the CC chemokine-beta subfamily with chemoattractant and inflammatory properties. In this study we used the RBL-2H3 cell line to determine whether or not these cells generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after treatment with RANTES. After 4 hours of incubation, RBL-2H3 cells cultured with RANTES at 20 ng/mL released large amounts of PGD2 in a dose-response manner compared to control. Moreover, RBL-treated RANTES generated a large quantity of histamine. Our study confirms once again the proinflammatory action of RANTES, in this case acting on the stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade product PGD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Castellani ML, Salini V, Frydas S, Donelan J, Tagen M, Madhappan B, Petrarca C, Falasca K, Neri G, Tete S, Vecchiet J. The Proinflammatory Interleukin-21 Elicits Anti-Tumor Response and Mediates Autoimmunity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:247-51. [PMID: 16831291 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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6
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Nguyen BCQ, Tawata S. The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Mimosine: A Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1230-42. [PMID: 27213712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mimosine [β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-oxypyridyl)]-α-aminopropionic acid] is a non-protein amino acid found in the members of Mimosoideae family. There are a considerable number of reports available on the chemistry, methods for estimation, biosynthesis, regulation, and degradation of this secondary metabolite. On the other hand, over the past years of active research, mimosine has been found to have various biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-influenza, anti-virus, herbicidal and insecticidal activities, and others. Mimosine is a leading compound of interest for use in the development of RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-specific inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases/disorders, because PAK1 is not essential for the growth of normal cells. Interestingly, the new roles of mimosine in malignant glioma treatment, regenerative dentistry, and phytoremediation are being emerged. These identified properties indicate an exciting future for this amino acid. The present review is focused on the chemistry and recognized biological activities of mimosine in an attempt to draw a link between these two characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Cao Quan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Zhang L, Li J, Liang A, Liu Y, Deng B, Wang H. Immune-related chemotactic factors were found in acute coronary syndromes by bioinformatics. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4389-95. [PMID: 24599781 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA microarray data for thrombus-related leukocyte from patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was analyzed to acquire key genes associated with ACS. Microarray data set GSE19339, including four ACS patients' samples and four normal samples, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Raw data was pre-processed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Affy packages of R. The interaction network was established with STRING. DrugBank was retrieved to obtain relevant small molecules. A total of 487 differentially expressed genes were identified as DEGs between normal and disease samples. Among which, ten up-regulated genes belonging to chemokine family (CCL2, CCR1, CXCL3, CXCL2, CCL8, CXCL11, CCL7, IL10, CCL22 and CCL20) were related to inflammatory response. In addition, two inhibitors of CCL2 (L-Mimosine) were retrieved from the DrugBank database. Considering the roles of inflammatory response in the progression of ACS and the functions of the ten up-regulated genes, we speculated that these genes might be related to ACS. Moreover, the inhibitors could provide guidelines for future drug design acting on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Special Needs Medical Branch, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, China,
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Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, García-Domenech R. Modeling natural anti-inflammatory compounds by molecular topology. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9481-503. [PMID: 22272145 PMCID: PMC3257142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main pharmacological problems today in the treatment of chronic inflammation diseases consists of the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs usually exhibit side effects. The natural products offer a great hope in the identification of bioactive lead compounds and their development into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Computer-aided drug design has proved to be a very useful tool for discovering new drugs and, specifically, Molecular Topology has become a good technique for such a goal. A topological-mathematical model, obtained by linear discriminant analysis, has been developed for the search of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds. An external validation obtained with the remaining compounds (those not used in building up the model), has been carried out. Finally, a virtual screening on natural products was performed and 74 compounds showed actual anti-inflammatory activity. From them, 54 had been previously described as anti-inflammatory in the literature. This can be seen as a plus in the model validation and as a reinforcement of the role of Molecular Topology as an efficient tool for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna 48-40126, Italy
| | - Ramón García-Domenech
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963544291; Fax: +34-963544892
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Melgarejo E, Medina MA, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Urdiales JL. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: a key mediator in inflammatory processes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:998-1001. [PMID: 18761421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages to areas of inflammation. MCP-1 is a prototypical chemokine subject to coordinated regulation by immunomodulatory agents. Since MCP-1 is implicated in multiple inflammatory diseases, it is a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. In this review, we will provide background information and summarize the MCP-1 structure and signaling pathways. Its involvement in multiple diseases, such as tumour development, atherogenesis and rare autoimmune diseases is also revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melgarejo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Castellani ML, Shanmugham LN, Petrarca C, Simeonidou I, Frydas S, De Colli M, Vecchiet J, Falasca K, Tetè S, Salini V, Conti P. Expression and secretion of RANTES (CCL5) in granulomatous calcified tissue before and after lipopolysaccharide treatment in vivo. Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 80:60-7. [PMID: 17164972 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-006-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) is a CC chemokine appearing to be involved in the recruitment of leukocytes at inflammation sites. RANTES is produced by CD8(+) T cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and platelets. It acts in vitro in leukocyte activation and human immunodeficiency virus suppression, but its role in vivo is still uncertain. In our study, we established the involvement of RANTES in an in vivo model of chronic inflammation induced by potassium permanganate, leading to calcified granulomas. In our rat model, RANTES expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly upregulated in granulomatous tissue; RANTES expression was further increased upon i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while it was kept at basal levels by dexamethasone (Dex) given 18 hours before sacrifice. LPS and Dex increased and decreased, respectively, the recruitment of mononuclear cells in granulomatous tissue compared with control granulomas from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated animals. In granuloma tissue, levels of RANTES were higher in LPS-treated rats and lower in the Dex group compared to controls. RANTES was also found in the conditioned medium of granuloma tissue from treated (LPS or Dex) and untreated (PBS) rats. When LPS was added in vitro for 18 hours, RANTES was further increased, except in the Dex group (P > 0.05). On serum analysis, RANTES levels were higher in the LPS group and lower in the Dex group compared to controls. This study shows for the first time that RANTES is produced in vivo in chronic, experimental inflammatory states, an effect increased by LPS and inhibited by Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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11
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Trakatelli C, Frydas S, Hatzistilianou M, Papadopoulos E, Simeonidou I, Founta A, Paludi D, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Papaioannou N, Salini V, Conti P, Kempuraj D, Vecchiet J. Chemokines as markers for parasite-induced inflammation and tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2006; 20:197-203. [PMID: 16398400 DOI: 10.1177/172460080502000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of small secreted proteins (8-10 kDa) produced and released by a wide variety of cell types. They were originally described as mediators of leukocyte recruitment, which is essential in acute and chronic inflammation. They also play a critical role in many pathophysiological processes such as allergic responses, infections and autoimmune diseases, tumor growth and hematopoietic development. This review introduces the three supergene families of chemokines (CXC, CC and C) with emphasis on their important role in different states in humans and in animal models with parasitic diseases. The concentration of transcription and translation of the cytokines and chemokines in the parasitic diseases may be an important marker for evaluation of the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trakatelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Georgios Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki
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