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Yang YC, Zhu Y, Sun SJ, Zhao CJ, Bai Y, Wang J, Ma LT. ROS regulation in gliomas: implications for treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259797. [PMID: 38130720 PMCID: PMC10733468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type. The glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) has unique characteristics, such as hypoxia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumour neovascularization. Therefore, the traditional treatment effect is limited. As cellular oxidative metabolites, ROS not only promote the occurrence and development of gliomas but also affect immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In contrast, either too high or too low ROS levels are detrimental to the survival of glioma cells, which indicates the threshold of ROS. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the threshold of ROS, and the role of ROS in the glioma TME can provide new methods and strategies for glioma treatment. Current methods to increase ROS include photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), etc., and methods to eliminate ROS include the ingestion of antioxidants. Increasing/scavenging ROS is potentially applicable treatment, and further studies will help to provide more effective strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Postgraduate Work, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical and Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
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Slika H, Karimov Z, Alimonti P, Abou-Mrad T, De Fazio E, Alomari S, Tyler B. Preclinical Models and Technologies in Glioblastoma Research: Evolution, Current State, and Future Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16316. [PMID: 38003507 PMCID: PMC10671665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumor and one of the most debilitating cancers. The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma remains poor, and the management of this tumor, both in its primary and recurrent forms, remains suboptimal. Despite the tremendous efforts that are being put forward by the research community to discover novel efficacious therapeutic agents and modalities, no major paradigm shifts have been established in the field in the last decade. However, this does not mirror the abundance of relevant findings and discoveries made in preclinical glioblastoma research. Hence, developing and utilizing appropriate preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and behavior of human glioblastoma is of utmost importance. Herein, we offer a holistic picture of the evolution of preclinical models of glioblastoma. We further elaborate on the commonly used in vitro and vivo models, delving into their development, favorable characteristics, shortcomings, and areas of potential improvement, which aids researchers in designing future experiments and utilizing the most suitable models. Additionally, this review explores progress in the fields of humanized and immunotolerant mouse models, genetically engineered animal models, 3D in vitro models, and microfluidics and highlights promising avenues for the future of preclinical glioblastoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Ziya Karimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Tatiana Abou-Mrad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emerson De Fazio
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Woźnicki P, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D. Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Brain Cancers-A Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1299. [PMID: 37759900 PMCID: PMC10526171 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
On average, there are about 300,000 new cases of brain cancer each year. Studies have shown that brain and central nervous system tumors are among the top ten causes of death. Due to the extent of this problem and the percentage of patients suffering from brain tumors, innovative therapeutic treatment methods are constantly being sought. One such innovative therapeutic method is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamic therapy is an alternative and unique technique widely used in dermatology and other fields of medicine for the treatment of oncological and nononcological lesions. Photodynamic therapy consists of the destruction of cancer cells and inducing inflammatory changes by using laser light of a specific wavelength in combination with the application of a photosensitizer. The most commonly used photosensitizers include 5-aminolevulinic acid for the enzymatic generation of protoporphyrin IX, Temoporfin-THPC, Photofrin, Hypericin and Talaporfin. This paper reviews the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy for brain tumors. An overview of all three generations of photosensitizers is presented. Along with an indication of the limitations of the treatment of brain tumors, intraoperative photodynamic therapy and its possibilities are described as an alternative therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Woźnicki
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Sahu U, Barth RF, Otani Y, McCormack R, Kaur B. Rat and Mouse Brain Tumor Models for Experimental Neuro-Oncology Research. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:312-329. [PMID: 35446393 PMCID: PMC9113334 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent brain tumor models have been useful for developing effective therapies for glioblastomas (GBMs). In this review, we first discuss the 3 most commonly used rat brain tumor models, the C6, 9L, and F98 gliomas, which are all induced by repeated injections of nitrosourea to adult rats. The C6 glioma arose in an outbred Wistar rat and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma arose in a Fischer rat and is strongly immunogenic, which must be taken into consideration when using it for therapy studies. The F98 glioma may be the best of the 3 but it does not fully recapitulate human GBMs because it is weakly immunogenic. Next, we discuss a number of mouse models. The first are human patient-derived xenograft gliomas in immunodeficient mice. These have failed to reproduce the tumor-host interactions and microenvironment of human GBMs. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate the molecular alterations of GBMs in an immunocompetent environment and “humanized” mouse models repopulate with human immune cells. While the latter are rarely isogenic, expensive to produce, and challenging to use, they represent an important advance. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain tumor models are discussed. This information will assist investigators in selecting the most appropriate model for the specific focus of their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan McCormack
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ibarra LE, Porcal GV, Macor LP, Ponzio RA, Spada RM, Lorente C, Chesta CA, Rivarola VA, Palacios RE. Metallated porphyrin-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy of brain and colorectal tumor cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:605-624. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assess biocompatibility, uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT) mechanism of metallated porphyrin doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in human brain and colorectal tumor cells and macrophages. Materials & methods: CPNs were developed employing 9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole, an amphiphilic polymer (PS-PEG-COOH), and platinum octaethylporphyrin. T98G, SW480 and RAW 264.7 cell lines were exposed to CPNs to assess uptake and intracellular localization. Additionally, a PDT protocol using CPNs was employed for the in vitro killing of cancer and macrophage cell lines. Results & conclusion: CPNs were well incorporated into glioblastoma and macrophage cells with localization in lysosomes. SW480 cells were less efficient incorporating CPNs with localization in the plasma membrane. In all cell lines PDT treatment was efficient inducing oxidative stress that triggered apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Exequiel Ibarra
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Dto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Valeria Porcal
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Macor
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Andrés Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Martin Spada
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT La Plata CONICET, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Chesta
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Rivarola
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Dto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emiliano Palacios
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
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Baran TM. Photofrin ® photodynamic therapy with intratumor photosensitizer injection provides similar tumor response while reducing systemic skin photosensitivity: Pilot murine study. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 50:476-482. [PMID: 29214668 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare tumor response to Photofrin® photodynamic therapy using intravenous and intratumoral injection of photosensitizer. Systemic skin photosensitivity and photosensitizer distribution were also compared between the two delivery methods. METHODS SCCVII tumors were initiated in the hind legs of female C3H mice and grown to a volume of ∼1,000 mm3 . Photofrin® was delivered intravenously via the tail vein at a concentration of 2 mg/kg or intratumorally at concentrations ranging from 0.5-2 mg/kg. A 630 nm laser illumination was delivered via interstitial diffuser placement at a fluence rate of 400 mW/cm and fluence of 100 J/cm. Mice were maintained under normal room lighting for 24 hours after treatment, at which point photographs were captured for assessment of skin photosensitivity. Animals were then sacrificed, and their tumors were excised, sectioned, imaged, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). H&E slides were imaged to assess necrosis post-PDT, and skin photographs were evaluated by two blinded reviewers for quantification of skin photosensitivity. Whole-body fluorescence imaging was performed before and after photodynamic therapy. RESULTS Tumor necrosis was not significantly different based on treatment group (P = 0.33), while skin photosensitivity was significantly reduced in animals that received Photofrin® intratumorally (P = 0.0005). Fluorescence imaging revealed similar photosensitizer fluorescence in excised tumors for intratumor and intravenous injection of Photofrin® (P = 0.48), although fluorescence decreased significantly with decreasing intratumor injection concentration (P= 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study shows that intratumoral administration of Photofrin® has the potential to produce similar tumor outcomes, while reducing systemic skin photosensitivity. Further studies are warranted to characterize and optimize intratumor delivery. Lasers Surg. 50:476-482, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Baran
- Departments of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 648, Rochester, New York, 14642
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Malekpour Afshar R, Mollaei HR, Shokrizadeh M, Iranpour M. Evaluation Expression of Microrna-93 and Integrin Β8 in Different Types of Glioma Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:603-608. [PMID: 28440610 PMCID: PMC5464472 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are a type of small non-coding RNAs, that induce mRNA degradation or repress translation by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of its target mRNA. Some specific miRNAs, e.g. miR-93, have been discovered to be involved in pathological procedures by targeting some oncogenes or tumor suppressors in glioma. In the present study, real-time RT-PCR data was indicated the expression pattern and prognostic value of miR-93 in patients with types of Glioma. MiR-93 expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissue compared with normal group brain tissues (P<0.001). Low miR-93 expression was significantly correlated with progressive tumor grade (P=0.02). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that miR-93 decreased expression (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 0.8–17.2, P=0.02), advanced tumor grade (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.2–13.9, P=0.04), for integrinβ8, level expression was inverse. Our data was shown that the down regulation of miR-93 was significantly correlated with unfavorable pathological features in patients with Glioma. Suggesting that decreased expression of miR-93can be used as a novel prognostic factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Malekpour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Obstoy B, Salaun M, Bohn P, Veresezan L, Sesboué R, Thiberville L. Photodynamic therapy using methylene blue in lung adenocarcinoma xenograft and hamster cheek pouch induced squamous cell carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:109-14. [PMID: 26993762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used to treat early proximal bronchial cancer during a flexible bronchoscopy. The technique relies on the excitation of a photosensitizer by an appropriate wavelength, which is delivered into the bronchus in close contact with the tumor. OBJECTIVE To assess methylene blue (MB) as a PDT agent for the treatment of respiratory tract cancer in animal models. METHODS MB-induced PDT was performed on 7 subcutaneous NCI-H460 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice and 9 induced squamous cell cancer in the hamster cheek pouch model. In mice, PDT was carried out on right-sided tumors after intratumoral injection of methylene blue 1% (w/v) and illumination at 630nm at 200J/cm (Diomed PDT 630), with the left tumor used as control (illumination alone or MB alone). The tumoral volume was assessed before and 15 days after PDT. RESULTS Fourteen xenografts were treated in mice, including seven treated with MB-PDT, producing a 52% mean tumor volume regression (1568mm(3)vs. 544mm(3)) compared to seven control cases in which tumor volume increased (p=0.007; Mann-Whitney test). Nine cheek pouch induced carcinomas were treated in the hamster group, with a mean volume decrease of 85.8% (from 44.8% to 100%) (initial mean volume=210mm(3)vs. post PDT mean volume=97mm(3)). Histology analysis showed 4/9 complete responses. CONCLUSION Intratumoral MB appears efficient as PDT agent for cancer treatment in animal models. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of MB-associated PDT for the treatment of lung cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Obstoy
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F-LITIS EA 4108 & IRIB, Rouen University, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mathieu Salaun
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F-LITIS EA 4108 & IRIB, Rouen University, F-76000 Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, F-76031 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Bohn
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F-LITIS EA 4108 & IRIB, Rouen University, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Liana Veresezan
- Department of Cytology & Pathology, H. Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Richard Sesboué
- Laboratoire INSERM U614 & IRIB, Rouen University, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F-LITIS EA 4108 & IRIB, Rouen University, F-76000 Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, F-76031 Rouen, France
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Haedicke K, Kozlova D, Gräfe S, Teichgräber U, Epple M, Hilger I. Multifunctional calcium phosphate nanoparticles for combining near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:197-207. [PMID: 25529187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors causes skin photosensitivity as a result of unspecific accumulation behavior of the photosensitizers. PDT of tumors was improved by calcium phosphate nanoparticles conjugated with (i) Temoporfin as a photosensitizer, (ii) the RGDfK peptide for favored tumor targeting and (iii) the fluorescent dye molecule DY682-NHS for enabling near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging in vivo. The nanoparticles were characterized with regard to size, spectroscopic properties and uptake into CAL-27 cells. The nanoparticles had a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 200 nm and a zeta potential of around +22mV. Their biodistribution at 24h after injection was investigated via NIRF optical imaging. After treating tumor-bearing CAL-27 mice with nanoparticle-PDT, the therapeutic efficacy was assessed by a fluorescent DY-734-annexin V probe at 2 days and 2 weeks after treatment to detect apoptosis. Additionally, the contrast agent IRDye® 800CW RGD was used to assess tumor vascularization (up to 4 weeks after PDT). After nanoparticle-PDT in mice, apoptosis in the tumor was detected after 2 days. Decreases in tumor vascularization and tumor volume were detected in the next few days. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can be used as multifunctional tools for NIRF optical imaging, PDT and tumor targeting as they exhibited a high therapeutic efficacy, being capable of inducing apoptosis and destroying tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Haedicke
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Kozlova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Susanna Gräfe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Research & Development, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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Senge MO, Brandt JC. Temoporfin (Foscan®, 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin)--a second-generation photosensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1240-96. [PMID: 21848905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the development and study of the second-generation photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin through to its acceptance and clinical use in modern photodynamic (cancer) therapy. The literature has been covered up to early 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Intratumor administration of the photosensitizer pc 4 affords photodynamic therapy efficacy and selectivity at short drug-light intervals. Transl Oncol 2011; 3:135-41. [PMID: 20360938 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated intratumor (IT) versus intravenous (IV) administration of the photosensitizer Pc 4 with respect to tumor photosensitizer concentration, specificity, and responses to irradiation. BALB/c mice bearing intradermal EMT6 tumors were given 0.3 mg/kg Pc 4 injected IT or IV through the tail vein. Photosensitizer concentration was evaluated by chloroform extraction and localization assessed by fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy in vivo. Tumors were irradiated at 667 nm, 50 mW/cm(2), and 100 J/cm(2). Cures were defined as no palpable tumor 90 days after irradiation. Tumor Pc 4 concentrations 1 hour after IT administration were 35,000-fold higher than measured 24 hours after IV administration (0.112 vs 0.317 x 10(-5)microg Pc 4/mg tumor). Exquisite tumor selectivity was observed 1 hour after IT injection. Fluorescence imaging of freshly sectioned tumors revealed no regions devoid of sensitizer at this time point, with pixel intensities in a midline section within a factor of 3 of the peak intensity. For identical photosensitizer doses, IT administration significantly improved tumor responses to irradiation, with more than 70% of tumors cured with IT-Pc 4-PDT. In this model, IT-Pc 4 administration provides improved tumor control, greater selectivity, and opportunity for a short drug-light interval.
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Nastri L, Donnarumma G, Porzio C, De Gregorio V, Tufano MA, Caruso F, Mazza C, Serpico R. Effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on periopathogens and periodontal biofilm: in vitro evaluation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 23:1125-32. [PMID: 21244761 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a selective modality of killing targeted cells, mostly known for its application in neoplasms. PDT can be considered to be an alternative method for the elimination of periodontal bacteria from the pocket without harms for the resident tissues. Therefore, PDT may replace systemic antibiotics and enhance the effect of mechanical treatments of periodontal defects. This effort focused on the in vitro sensitization of periopathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia ) Toluidine Blue mediated and on the use of a Diode laser emitting source. The objective of this research was to evaluate the bactericidal in vitro effect of laser diodes 830 nm (as the light source) after photosensitization with Toluidine Blue (TBO) on the following periopathogenic bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. After evaluating the effect on the single bacterial strain, the ability of Diode Laser to disrupt the structure of biofilms produced by A. actinomycetemcomitans after photosensitization with TBO was also analyzed. The study suggests that the association of TBO and diode laser light 830 nm is effective for the killing of bacteria strains and determines the photoinactivation of Aggregatibacter biofilms. In summary, photodynamic therapy has effectively shown its capabilities and, therefore, it can be considered a valid alternative approach to antimicrobial therapy of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nastri
- Department of Stomatologic Orthodontic and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Barth RF, Kaur B. Rat brain tumor models in experimental neuro-oncology: the C6, 9L, T9, RG2, F98, BT4C, RT-2 and CNS-1 gliomas. J Neurooncol 2009; 94:299-312. [PMID: 19381449 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we will describe eight commonly used rat brain tumor models and their application for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. The C6, 9L and T9 gliomas were induced by repeated injections of methylnitrosourea (MNU) to adult rats. The C6 glioma has been used extensively for a variety of studies, but since it arose in an outbred Wistar rat, it is not syngeneic to any inbred strain, and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma has been used widely and has provided important information relating to brain tumor biology and therapy. The T9 glioma, although not generally recognized, was and probably still is the same as the 9L. Both of these tumors arose in Fischer rats and can be immunogenic in syngeneic hosts, a fact that must be taken into consideration when used in therapy studies, especially if survival is the endpoint. The RG2 and F98 gliomas were both chemically induced by administering ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to pregnant rats, the progeny of which developed brain tumors that subsequently were propagated in vitro and cloned. They are either weakly or non-immunogenic and have an invasive pattern of growth and uniform lethality, which make them particularly attractive models to test new therapeutic modalities. The CNS-1 glioma was induced by administering MNU to a Lewis rat. It has an infiltrative pattern of growth and is weakly immunogenic, which should make it useful in experimental neuro-oncology. Finally, the BT4C glioma was induced by administering ENU to a BD IX rat, following which brain cells were propagated in vitro until a tumorigenic clone was isolated. This tumor has been used for a variety of studies to evaluate new therapeutic modalities. The Avian Sarcoma Virus (ASV) induced tumors, and a continuous cell line derived from one of them designated RT-2, have been useful for studies in which de novo tumor induction is an important requirement. These tumors also are immunogenic and this limits their usefulness for therapy studies. It is essential to recognize the limitations of each of the models that have been described, and depending upon the nature of the study to be conducted, it is important that the appropriate model be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 165 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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