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Kovanur Sampath K, Treffel L, P.Thomson O, Rodi JD, Fleischmann M, Tumilty S. Changes in biochemical markers following a spinal manipulation - a systematic review update. J Man Manip Ther 2024; 32:28-50. [PMID: 37671460 PMCID: PMC10795611 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2252187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to update the current level of evidence for spinal manipulation in influencing various biochemical markers in healthy and/or symptomatic population. METHODS This is a systematic review update. Various databases were searched (inception till May 2023) and fifteen trials (737 participants) that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Two authors independently screened, extracted and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. Outcome measure data were synthesized using standard mean differences and meta-analysis for the primary outcome (biochemical markers). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used for assessing the quality of the body of evidence for each outcome of interest. RESULTS There was low-quality evidence that spinal manipulation influenced various biochemical markers (not pooled). There was low-quality evidence of significant difference that spinal manipulation is better (SMD -0.42, 95% CI - 0.74 to -0.1) than control in eliciting changes in cortisol levels immediately after intervention. Low-quality evidence further indicated (not pooled) that spinal manipulation can influence inflammatory markers such as interleukins levels post-intervention. There was also very low-quality evidence that spinal manipulation does not influence substance-P, neurotensin, oxytocin, orexin-A, testosterone and epinephrine/nor-epinephrine. CONCLUSION Spinal manipulation may influence inflammatory and cortisol post-intervention. However, the wider prediction intervals in most outcome measures point to the need for future research to clarify and establish the clinical relevance of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesava Kovanur Sampath
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology, Te Pukenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Public Health, University of Technology, ARCCIM, Sydney, Australia
| | - Loïc Treffel
- School of Public Health, University of Technology, ARCCIM, Sydney, Australia
- Institut Toulousain d’Ostéopathie, IRF’O, Toulouse, France
- INMG-PGNM, Univ Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Oliver P.Thomson
- School of Public Health, University of Technology, ARCCIM, Sydney, Australia
- Research Department, University College of Osteopathy, London, UK
| | - Jerry Draper Rodi
- School of Public Health, University of Technology, ARCCIM, Sydney, Australia
- Research Department, University College of Osteopathy, London, UK
- National Council for Osteopathic Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Fleischmann
- School of Public Health, University of Technology, ARCCIM, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dong Y, Liu Y, Tang J, Du J, Zhuang X, Tan S, Yang Y, Yin D. Zhisou powder displays therapeutic effect on chronic bronchitis through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway and reprograming metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117110. [PMID: 37673198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhisou Powder (ZP), one of the most common prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of acute or chronic bronchitis and chronic cough. The ZP was composed of Ziwan (Aster tataricus L. f.), Jiegeng (Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.), Jingjie (Nepeta cataria L.), Baibu (Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq.), Baiqian (Vincetoxicum glaucescens (Decne.) C. Y. Wu & D. Z. Li), Chenpi (Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa (Ten.) M. Hiroe) and Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.), with plant names among it checked with MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). But until now, the key active components and targets of ZP, and related mechanism of ZP in the treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study combined UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS, network pharmacology, metabonomics with experiment verification to explore potential mechanism of ZP in the treatment of CB. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS was performed to analyze the chemical components of ZP. The potentially effective components, attractive targets and critical signaling pathways of Zhisou Powder in the treatment of CB were screened by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS combined with network pharmacology. Additionally, the CB model rats induced by SO2 were used to evaluate the anti-chronic bronchitis activity of ZP in vivo. The pulmonary pathology was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway predicted from network pharmacology was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR. Lastly, the metabolic changes of arachidonic acid (AA) in ZP-treated rats were quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS targeted metabonomics, and the proteins expression involved in AA metabolic pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS The main active components of ZP in the treatment of CB selected by network pharmacology and UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS technology were quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, galangin, isorhamnetin, naringenin, nobiletin, formononetin and so on. The core targets of these components were predicted to be TP53, TNF, IL-6, VEGFA, CASP3, IL-1β, JUN, PTGS2. Enrichment of KEGG pathway analysis found that PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway might play a key role in the treatment of CB with ZP. The in vivo study showed that ZP significantly improved the pathological changes of SO2-treated lung tissue and inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway. The changes of AA and its metabolites in vivo were studied by targeted metabonomics, and it showed that ZP could reprogram the disorder of AA metabolism which contributed to the treatment of CB with ZP. CONCLUSION ZP displayed good therapeutic effect on CB model rats through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect and reprogramming disordered metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jie Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Hefei Technology College, Heifei, 238000, China
| | - Jiahui Du
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xuzhen Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Song Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230021, China.
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230021, China.
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Lauritano D, Mastrangelo F, D’Ovidio C, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Frydas I, Kritas SK, Trimarchi M, Carinci F, Conti P. Activation of Mast Cells by Neuropeptides: The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054811. [PMID: 36902240 PMCID: PMC10002992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue cells that are derived from bone marrow stem cells that contribute to allergic reactions, inflammatory diseases, innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and mental disorders. MCs located near the meninges communicate with microglia through the production of mediators such as histamine and tryptase, but also through the secretion of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, which can create pathological effects in the brain. Preformed chemical mediators of inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are rapidly released from the granules of MCs, the only immune cells capable of storing the cytokine TNF, although it can also be produced later through mRNA. The role of MCs in nervous system diseases has been extensively studied and reported in the scientific literature; it is of great clinical interest. However, many of the published articles concern studies on animals (mainly rats or mice) and not on humans. MCs are known to interact with neuropeptides that mediate endothelial cell activation, resulting in central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders. In the brain, MCs interact with neurons causing neuronal excitation with the production of neuropeptides and the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. This article explores the current understanding of MC activation by neuropeptide substance P (SP), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and neurotensin, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a therapeutic effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Cristian D’Ovidio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Ronconi
- Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carla E. Gallenga
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialist Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilias Frydas
- Department of Parasitology, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros K. Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Macedonia, Greece
| | - Matteo Trimarchi
- Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kongara K, Dukkipati VSR, Tai HM, Heiser A, Murray A, Webster J, Johnson CB. Differential Transcription of Selected Cytokine and Neuroactive Ligand-receptor Genes in Peripheral Leukocytes from Calves in Response to Cautery Disbudding. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071187. [PMID: 32674253 PMCID: PMC7401531 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calf disbudding is a painful husbandry practice on dairy and beef cattle farms. Continuing efforts to enhance the accuracy of pain assessment can aid in the application of effective anti-nociceptive (analgesic) agents in non-verbal animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the expression of genes involved in inflammation and pain sensitisation in response to removal of horn buds in calves, using hot-iron cauterization. The efficacy of an analgesic, meloxicam, was also tested in attenuating the changes in expression of the studied genes post-disbudding. It was revealed that cautery disbudding induces significant changes in the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Meloxicam was able to blunt the increased expression of some of the genes at 4 h and 24 h after disbudding, while it could not attenuate the increased expression of a few other genes associated with inflammation. Abstract Calf disbudding is a painful husbandry practice on dairy and beef cattle farms. An objective measurement of pain is useful to reliably evaluate the pain intensity and anti-nociceptive (analgesic) efficacy of therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in peripheral leucocyte inflammatory cytokine gene expression in calves after disbudding, and to assess whether the changes in cytokine gene expression could be an indicator of the efficacy of analgesic drugs. In a randomised controlled study, 16 calves (aged 31 to 41 days and weighing 58 to 73 kg), undergoing routine disbudding, were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8 in each group). Calves in the control group received no analgesic, while those in the treatment group received 0.5 mg kg−1 meloxicam subcutaneously prior to disbudding. Disbudding was performed using an electric debudder. Blood (10 mL) was sampled from the jugular vein just before and 4 and 24 h post-disbudding, RNA was extracted from leukocytes, and the transcription of 12 genes of interest was assessed using nCounter gene expression assay. The results showed significantly higher transcription (compared to baseline values) of the studied genes (except CRH, IFNγ, and IL10) in the control group calves at either 4 or 24 h post-disbudding. The administration of meloxicam one hour before disbudding significantly attenuated the upregulation of IL6, PGHS2, TAC1, NOS1, and CRH gene transcription post-disbudding, while it did not suppress the elevated transcription of acute and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β, IFNγ, IL8, and TNFα genes. In conclusion, nCounter gene expression assay seems to be a promising tool to study the expression of cytokine genes and thus could be used for the pre-clinical evaluation of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kongara
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (V.S.R.D.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6-951-8235
| | - Venkata Sayoji Rao Dukkipati
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (V.S.R.D.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.B.J.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Hui Min Tai
- Town and Country Vets, 257 Great South Road, Drury, Auckland 2113, New Zealand;
| | - Axel Heiser
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (V.S.R.D.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.B.J.)
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (V.S.R.D.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.B.J.)
| | | | - Craig Brian Johnson
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (V.S.R.D.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.B.J.)
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Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Selenoethers Glycerol Derivatives for the Treatment of Pain and Inflammation: Involvement of Nitrergic and Glutamatergic Systems. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1398-1423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Y, An S, Hao J, Tian F, Fang X, Wang J. Systemic Injection of Substance P Promotes Murine Calvarial Repair Through Mobilizing Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12996. [PMID: 30158583 PMCID: PMC6115436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial defect is a critical problem in dental clinic, which has a tremendous impact on patients’ quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising approach for tissue defect repair. However, reduced survival after mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation remains as a major problem in this area, which hampers the outcome of regeneration. Recently, the mechanism to mobilize endogenous MSCs for tissue regeneration has received increasing attentions, as it does not require exogenous cell transplantation. The primary goal of this study was to confirm the role of intravenous substance P in mobilizing endogenous CD45−CD11b−CD29+ MSCs in critical-sized bone defect animals and to investigate the effects of substance P on calvarial bone repair. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that intravenous substance P promoted the mobilization of endogenous CD45−CD11b−CD29+ MSCs after bone defect. In addition, Micro-CT showed that intravenous substance P improved the outcomes of calvarial bone repair. Furthermore, we discovered that systemic injection of substance P attenuated inflammation and enhanced the survival of the local-transplanted GFP+ MSCs. Our findings suggested that substance P together with its mobilized CD45−CD11b−CD29+ MSCs helped improve calvarial defect repair through regulating inflammatory conditions and promoting the survival of local-transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shu An
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinyi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy. Tel.: ; Fax: ; E-mail:
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Kempuraj D, Thangavel R, Selvakumar GP, Zaheer S, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Zahoor H, Saeed D, Natteru PA, Iyer S, Zaheer A. Brain and Peripheral Atypical Inflammatory Mediators Potentiate Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:216. [PMID: 28790893 PMCID: PMC5522882 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism in the brain. However, excessive and chronic inflammatory responses can lead to deleterious effects involving immune cells, brain cells and signaling molecules. Neuroinflammation induces and accelerates pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammatory pathways are indicated as novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. Mast cells are immune cells of hematopoietic origin that regulate inflammation and upon activation release many proinflammatory mediators in systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory conditions. In addition, inflammatory mediators released from activated glial cells induce neurodegeneration in the brain. Systemic inflammation-derived proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and other factors cause a breach in the blood brain-barrier (BBB) thereby allowing for the entry of immune/inflammatory cells including mast cell progenitors, mast cells and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines into the brain. These peripheral-derived factors and intrinsically generated cytokines/chemokines, α-synuclein, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), substance P (SP), beta amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide and amyloid precursor proteins can activate glial cells, T-cells and mast cells in the brain can induce additional release of inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules contributing to chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal death. The glia maturation factor (GMF), a proinflammatory protein discovered in our laboratory released from glia, activates mast cells to release inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Chronic increase in the proinflammatory mediators induces neurotoxic Aβ and plaque formation in AD brains and neurodegeneration in PD brains. Glial cells, mast cells and T-cells can reactivate each other in neuroinflammatory conditions in the brain and augment neuroinflammation. Further, inflammatory mediators from the brain can also enter into the peripheral system through defective BBB, recruit immune cells into the brain, and exacerbate neuroinflammation. We suggest that mast cell-associated inflammatory mediators from systemic inflammation and brain could augment neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain. This review article addresses the role of some atypical inflammatory mediators that are associated with mast cell inflammation and their activation of glial cells to induce neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Govindhasamy P Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Mohammad E Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Haris Zahoor
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Daniyal Saeed
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Prashant A Natteru
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
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Pawar K, Kolli CS, Rangari VK, Babu RJ. Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Lysine-Proline-Valine (KPV) Peptide Across Microporated Human Skin. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1814-1820. [PMID: 28343991 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-proline-valine (KPV) is a C-terminal peptide fragment of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Present study investigates various transdermal enhancement strategies such as iontophoresis (ITP), microneedles (MN), and their combination (ITP + MN) on KPV delivery across dermatomed human skin. KPV attains a positive charge at pH less than 7.0, thus anodal ITP was used. The influence of current strength, KPV concentration, and duration of current application on the KPV delivery was investigated. At defined ITP parameters, the influence of MN on KPV delivery (ITP + MN) across skin was also determined. KPV permeation was less than detectable levels (limit of detection, 0.01 μg/mL) by simple passive diffusion. However, KPV permeation was increased to 4.4 μg/cm2/h by MN treatment. Furthermore, ITP and ITP + MN increased the permeation rate by 8 and 35 fold, respectively, as compared to MN alone. The skin retention levels of KPV by MN, ITP, and ITP + MN were increased by 5, 10, and 10 fold, respectively, as compared to passive diffusion. Confocal studies indicate that fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled KPV migrated through the stratum corneum, along the microchannels and into the lower epidermal tissue because the fluorescence was observed beyond the depth of 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Pawar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Chandra S Kolli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, California 93612
| | - Vijaya K Rangari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849.
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Abstract
Sleep is a complex physiological process that is regulated globally, regionally, and locally by both cellular and molecular mechanisms. It occurs to some extent in all animals, although sleep expression in lower animals may be co-extensive with rest. Sleep regulation plays an intrinsic part in many behavioral and physiological functions. Currently, all researchers agree there is no single physiological role sleep serves. Nevertheless, it is quite evident that sleep is essential for many vital functions including development, energy conservation, brain waste clearance, modulation of immune responses, cognition, performance, vigilance, disease, and psychological state. This review details the physiological processes involved in sleep regulation and the possible functions that sleep may serve. This description of the brain circuitry, cell types, and molecules involved in sleep regulation is intended to further the reader's understanding of the functions of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry
| | - James T. McKenna
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Robert W. McCarley
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA 02301, USA and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry
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Role of neurokinin type 1 receptor in nociception at the periphery and the spinal level in the rat. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:172-82. [PMID: 26690860 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noxious stimuli activate small to medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intense noxious stimuli result in the release of substance P (SP) from the central terminals of these neurons. It binds to the neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1r) and sensitises the dorsal horn neurons. SP is also released from the peripheral terminals leading to neurogenic inflammation. However, their individual contribution at spinal and peripheral levels to postincisional nociception has not been delineated as yet. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were administered different doses (3-100 μg) of an NK1r antagonist (L760735) by intrathecal (i.t.) route before hind paw incision. On the basis of its antinociceptive effect on guarding behaviour, the 30 μg dose was selected for further study. In different sets of animals, this was administered i.t. (postemptive) and intrawound (i.w.). Finally, in another group, drug (30 μg) was administered through both i.t and i.w. routes. The antinociceptive effect was assessed and compared. Expression of SP was examined in the spinal cord. Intrawound concentration of SP and inflammatory mediators was also evaluated. RESULTS Postemptive i.t. administration significantly attenuated guarding and allodynia. Guarding was alone decreased after i.w. drug treatment. Combined drug administration further attenuated all nociceptive parameters, more so after postemptive treatment. Expression of SP in the spinal cord decreased post incision but increased in the paw tissue. Inflammatory mediators like the nerve growth factor also increased after incision. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SP acting through the NK1r appears to be an important mediator of nociception, more so at the spinal level. These findings could have clinical relevance.
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Stålman A, Bring D, Ackermann PW. Chemokine expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CXCL10 during early inflammatory tendon healing precedes nerve regeneration: an immunohistochemical study in the rat. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:2682-9. [PMID: 24809505 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemokines are major promoters of repair and may regulate nerve ingrowth that is essential in tendon healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal occurrence of different chemokines during Achilles tendon healing in relation to sensory nerve regeneration. Chemokine presence in tendon healing has not been studied previously. METHODS Chemokine expression, nerve regeneration, angiogenesis and inflammatory cell occurrence during healing of Achilles tendon rupture in the rat were studied by immunohistochemistry and histology including semiquantitative assessment. Markers for chemokines (CCL5, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10), nerves (PGP-9.5) and sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) were analysed at different time points (1 day-16 weeks) post-rupture. RESULTS In intact tendons (controls) immunoreactivity to all chemokines, PGP-9.5 and SP were confined to the tendon surroundings. After rupture, there was rapid increase in the tendon proper of the chemokines studied, all exhibiting their peak expression at week 1. Subsequently, at weeks 2-6, emerging inflammatory cells and maximum sprouting of PGP-/SP-positive nerves were observed close to newly formed blood vessels within the tendon proper, while chemokine expression already decreased. During weeks 6-8, PGP-/SP-positive nerves withdrew from the rupture site and relocated together with the chemokines in the surrounding tendon. CONCLUSIONS Early chemokine expression in the healing tendon precedes ingrowth of new nerves, angiogenesis and emergence of inflammatory cells. The fine-tuned temporal and spatial appearance of chemokines suggests a chemoattractant role for inflammatory cell migration and possibly also a role in angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Chemokines may thus exhibit vital targets for biological modulation of tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stålman
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Martin BR, Seaman DR. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes in the Treatment of a 23-Year-Old Female Patient With Migraine. J Chiropr Med 2015; 14:205-11. [PMID: 26778934 PMCID: PMC4685182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this case report is to describe the chiropractic management of a patient with atypical migraine headache. CLINICAL FEATURES A 23-year-old woman experienced migraines for 3 months. She had no previous history of migraines and was unresponsive to pharmaceutical and musculoskeletal therapies. The migraine headaches could not be classified according to the common categories associated with migraines. She had a change in diet due to severe gastroesophageal reflux causing her to reduce or avoid consuming foods. She also had a history of smoking and alcohol consumption. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME Dietary and lifestyle changes were recommended in conjunction with the administration of a multivitamin, magnesium oxide, and Ulmus rubra. Her migraine headaches improved with the resolution of her gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. CONCLUSION This patient with atypical migraines and a history of poor dietary and lifestyle choices improved using nutritional changes and supplementing with a multivitamin and magnesium oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Martin
- Instructor, Departments of Basic and Clinical Science, National University of Health Sciences, Seminole, FL
| | - David R. Seaman
- Professor, Department of Clinical Science, National University of Health Sciences, Seminole, FL
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Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on nitric oxide, substance P and pain perception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alhelal MA, Palaska I, Panagiotidou S, Letourneau R, Theoharides TC. Trigeminal nerve stimulation triggers oral mast cell activation and vascular permeability. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 112:40-5. [PMID: 24331392 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of allergic and inflammatory diseases, including oral inflammation. Mast cells (MCs) are involved in their pathogenesis through proinflammatory mediator release. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of trigeminal nerve (TN) stimulation compared with sham operation on MC activation and oral vascular permeability in the gingiva, palate, buccal mucosa, and tongue of the rat and to examine the possible role of substance P using rats treated with capsaicin as neonates to deplete substance P. METHODS Six male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were anesthetized and injected intravenously with Evans Blue (EB). Six other rats were injected neonatally with capsaicin (n = 3) or solvent (n = 3) and then injected with EB when they reached 250 g. The mandibular branch of the TN was stimulated for 1 minute (n = 3), and the remaining rats (n = 3) were subjected to sham operation. The ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the mouth were examined for EB extravasation, and tissue sections were removed for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS TN stimulation resulted in EB extravasation in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side or the ipsilateral side of sham-operated rats. Significant degranulation of MCs also was evident only on the ipsilateral side (P < .0001). There was no difference in MC degranulation between the vehicle- and capsaicin-treated rats, implying that neuropeptides other than substance P may be involved. CONCLUSION This is the first time that TN stimulation has been shown to result in MC activation and oral vascular permeability, suggesting that MC inhibitors may be used for the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alhelal
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iro Palaska
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Smaro Panagiotidou
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Letourneau
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Deceased
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kritas S, Saggini A, Varvara G, Murmura G, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Pantalone A, Neri G, Frydas S, Rosati M, Tei M, Speziali A, Saggini R, Pandolfi F, Cerulli G, Theoharides T, Conti P. Impact of Mast Cells on the Skin. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:855-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When through the skin a foreign antigen enters it provokes an immune response and inflammatory reaction. Mast cells are located around small vessels that are involved in vasaldilation. They mature under the influence of local tissue to various cytokines. Human skin mast cells play an essential role in diverse physiological and pathological processes and mediate immediate hypersensitive reaction and allergic diseases. Injection of anti-IgE in the skin or other agents that directly activate mast cells may cause the decrease in vascular tone, leakage of plasma and may lead to a fall in blood pressure with fatal anaphylactic shock. Skin mast cells are also implicated as effector cells in response to multiple parasites such as Leishmania which is primarily characterized by its tissue cutaneous tropism. Activated macrophages by IFNγ, cytotoxic T cells, activated mast cells and several cytokines are involved in the elimination of the parasites and immunoprotection. IL-33 is one of the latest cytokines involved in IgE-induced anaphylaxis and in the pathogenesis of allergic skin disorders. IL-33 has been shown in epidermis of patients with psoriasis and its skin expression causes atopic dermatitis and it is crucial for the development of this disease. Here we review the impact of mast cells on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Varvara
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Murmura
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Pantalone
- Orthopedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Neri
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Frydas
- Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Clinic, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Tei
- Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy
| | - A. Speziali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Saggini
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Cerulli
- Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Tao K, Wang HT, Chen B, Wang BT, Li ZY, Zhu XX, Tang CW, Hu DH. Effect of nonpeptide NK1 receptor antagonist L-703,606 on the edema formation in rats at early stage after deep partial-thickness skin scalding. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:387-94. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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