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Jain A, Judy E, Kishore N. Analytical Aspects of ANSA-BSA Association: A Thermodynamic and Conformational Approach. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5344-5362. [PMID: 38773936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the manner in which ANS interacts with bovine serum albumin (BSA), although they are limited by the extremely low solubility of dye. The present study demonstrates the binding of ANSA dye with BSA, and since this dye can easily replace ANS, it not only simplifies research but also improves sensor accuracy for serum albumin. A combination of calorimetry and spectroscopy has been employed to establish the thermodynamic signatures associated with the interaction of ANSA with the protein and the consequent conformational changes in the latter. The results of differential scanning calorimetry reveal that when the concentration of ANSA in solution is increased, the thermal stability of the protein increases substantially. The fluorescence data demonstrated a decrease in the binding affinity of ANSA with the protein when pH increased but was unable to identify a change in the mode of interaction of the ligand. ITC has demonstrated that the mode of interaction between ANSA and the protein varies from a single set of binding sites at pH 5 and 7.4 to a sequential binding site at pH 10, emphasizing the potential relevance of protein conformational changes. TCSPC experiments suggested a dynamic type in the presence of ANSA. Molecular docking studies suggest that ANSA molecules are able to find ionic centers in the hydrophobic pockets of BSA. The findings further imply that given its ease of use in experiments, ANSA may be a useful probe for tracking the presence of serum albumin and partially folded protein states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Eva Judy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nand Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Rahman S, Das AK. Integrated Multi-omics, Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 for the Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets: An In-Silico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:2735-2755. [PMID: 34548853 PMCID: PMC8446483 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in community, hospital and live-stock sectors, especially with the widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. To identify new drug molecules to treat MRSA patients, we have undertaken to search essential proteins that are indispensable for their survival but non-homologous to human host proteins. The current study utilizes a subtractive genome and proteome approach to screen the possible therapeutic targets against S. aureus USA300. Bacterial essential genes are obtained from the DEG database and are compared to avoid cross-reactivity with human host genes. In silico analysis shows 198 proteins that may be considered as therapeutic candidates. Depending on their sub-cellular localization, proteins are grouped as either vaccine or drug targets or both. Extracellular proteins such as cell division proteins (Q2FZ91, Q2FZ95), penicillin-binding proteins (Q2FZ94, Q2FYI0) of the bacterial cell wall, phosphoglucomutase (Q2FE11) and lipoteichoic acid synthase (Q2FIS2) are considered as vaccine targets, and their epitopes have been mapped. Altogether, 53 drug targets are identified, which have shown similarity with the drug targets available in the DrugBank database. Predicted drug targets belong to the common metabolic pathways of MRSA, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, ribosome, etc. Protein-protein interaction analysis emphasizing peptidoglycan biosynthesis reveals the connection between penicillin-binding proteins, mur-family proteins and FemXAB proteins. In this study, staphylococcal FemA protein (P0A0A5) is subjected to structure-based virtual screening for the drug repurposing approach. There are 20 residues missing in the crystal structure of FemA, and 12 of these residues are located at the catalytic site. The missing residues are modelled, and stereochemistry is checked. FDA approved drugs available in the DrugBank database have been used in virtual screening with FemA in search of potential repurposed molecules. This approach provides us with 10 drugs that may be used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal mediated diseases. AutoDock 4.2 is used for in silico screening and shows a comparable inhibition constant (Ki) for all 10 FDA-approved drugs towards FemA. Most of these drugs are used in the treatment of various cancers, migraines and leukaemia. Protein-drug interaction analysis shows that the drugs mostly interact with hydrophobic residues of FemA. Moreover, Tyr328 and Lys383 contribute largely to hydrogen bondings during interactions. All interacting amino acids that bind to the drugs are part of the active site cavity of FemA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-021-10287-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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Selvaraj C, Selvaraj G, Mohamed Ismail R, Vijayakumar R, Baazeem A, Wei DQ, Singh SK. Interrogation of Bacillus anthracis SrtA active site loop forming open/close lid conformations through extensive MD simulations for understanding binding selectivity of SrtA inhibitors. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3650-3659. [PMID: 34220215 PMCID: PMC8241892 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is a gram positive, deadly spore forming bacteria causing anthrax and these bacteria having the complex mechanism in the cell wall envelope, which can adopt the changes in environmental conditions. In this, the membrane bound cell wall proteins are said to progressive drug target for the inhibition of Bacillus anthracis. Among the cell wall proteins, the SrtA is one of the important mechanistic protein, which mediate the ligation with LPXTG motif by forming the amide bonds. The SrtA plays the vital role in cell signalling, cell wall formation, and biofilm formations. Inhibition of SrtA leads to rupture of the cell wall and biofilm formation, and that leads to inhibition of Bacillus anthracis and thus, SrtA is core important enzyme to study the inhibition mechanism. In this study, we have examined 28 compounds, which have the inhibitory activity against the Bacillus anthracis SrtA for developing the 3D-QSAR and also, compounds binding selectivity with both open and closed SrtA conformations, obtained from 100 ns of MD simulations. The binding site loop deviate in forming the open and closed gate mechanism is investigated to understand the inhibitory profile of reported compounds, and results show the closed state active site conformations are required for ligand binding specificity. Overall, the present study may offer an opportunity for better understanding of the mechanism of action and can be aided to further designing of a novel and highly potent SrtA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modelling, Concordia University, 5618 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Randa Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding authors.
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Rodríguez-Zorrilla S, Chamorro-Petronacci C, García-García A. Dissecting the Proton Transport Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: State of the Art and Theranostics Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174222. [PMID: 31470498 PMCID: PMC6747091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells overexpress proton exchangers at the plasma membrane in order acidify the extracellular matrix and maintain the optimal pH for sustaining cancer growth. Among the families of proton exchangers implicated in carcinogenesis, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), sodium bicarbonate cotransporters (NBCs), and vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are highlighted. Considerable research has been carried out into the utility of the understanding of these machineries in the diagnosis and prognosis of several solid tumors. In addition, as therapeutic targets, the interference of their functions has contributed to the discovery or optimization of cancer therapies. According to recent reports, the study of these mechanisms seems promising in the particular case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present review, the latest advances in these fields are summarized, in particular, the usefulness of proton exchangers as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Samuel Rodríguez-Zorrilla
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Cintia Chamorro-Petronacci
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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Ketabat F, Pundir M, Mohabatpour F, Lobanova L, Koutsopoulos S, Hadjiiski L, Chen X, Papagerakis P, Papagerakis S. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Cancer Treatment-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E302. [PMID: 31262096 PMCID: PMC6680655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which encompasses the oral cavity-derived malignancies, is a devastating disease causing substantial morbidity and mortality in both men and women. It is the most common subtype of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is ranked the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite promising advancements in the conventional therapeutic approaches currently available for patients with oral cancer, many drawbacks are still to be addressed; surgical resection leads to permanent disfigurement, altered sense of self and debilitating physiological consequences, while chemo- and radio-therapies result in significant toxicities, all affecting patient wellbeing and quality of life. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic approaches or modifications of current strategies is paramount to improve individual health outcomes and survival, while early tumour detection remains a priority and significant challenge. In recent years, drug delivery systems and chronotherapy have been developed as alternative methods aiming to enhance the benefits of the current anticancer therapies, while minimizing their undesirable toxic effects on the healthy non-cancerous cells. Targeted drug delivery systems have the potential to increase drug bioavailability and bio-distribution at the site of the primary tumour. This review confers current knowledge on the diverse drug delivery methods, potential carriers (e.g., polymeric, inorganic, and combinational nanoparticles; nanolipids; hydrogels; exosomes) and anticancer targeted approaches for oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment, with an emphasis on their clinical relevance in the era of precision medicine, circadian chronobiology and patient-centred health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ketabat
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Pundir
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Sotirios Koutsopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lubomir Hadjiiski
- Departmnet of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer - Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5A9, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Ikhlas S, Usman A, Ahmad M. Comparative study of the interactions between bisphenol-A and its endocrine disrupting analogues with bovine serum albumin using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1427-1437. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1461136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoeb Ikhlas
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Afia Usman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Karan S, Kashyap VK, Shafi S, Saxena AK. Structural and inhibition analysis of novel sulfur-rich 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazole ligands against Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1 enzyme. J Mol Model 2017; 23:241. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ahmad MI, Usman A, Ahmad M. Computational study involving identification of endocrine disrupting potential of herbicides: Its implication in TDS and cancer progression in CRPC patients. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:395-403. [PMID: 28129617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental pollutants, including herbicides, act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). They can cause cancer, diabetes, obesity, metabolic diseases and developmental problems. Present study was conducted to screen 608 herbicides for evaluating their endocrine disrupting potential. The screening was carried out with the help of endocrine disruptome docking program, http://endocrinedisruptome.ki.si (Kolsek et al., 2013). This program screens the binding affinity of test ligands to 12 major nuclear receptors. As high as 252 compounds were capable of binding to at least three receptors wherein 10 of them showed affinity with at-least six receptors based on this approach. The latter were ranked as potent EDCs. Majority of the screened herbicides were acting as antagonists of human androgen receptor (hAR). A homology modeling approach was used to construct the three dimensional structure of hAR to understand their binding mechanism. Docking results reveal that the most potent antiandrogenic herbicides would bind to hydrophobic cavity of modeled hAR and may lead to testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) on fetal exposure. However, on binding to T877 mutant AR they seem to act as agonists in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India
| | - Afia Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India.
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Jing Z, Xu H, Chen X, Zhong Q, Huang J, Zhang Y, Guo W, Yang Z, Ding S, Chen P, Huang Z. The Proton-Sensing G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPR4 Promotes Angiogenesis in Head and Neck Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152789. [PMID: 27078157 PMCID: PMC4831743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is an aggressive disease with poor survival and is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common event in SCCHN patients. GPR4 is a proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor, which can be activated by acidosis. The objective of this study was to explore the role of GPR4 in acid exposure and tumor angiogenesis in SCCHN. In this study, we confirmed that overexpressing GPR4 in SCCHN cells could increase the expression and secretion of IL6, IL8 and VEGFA at pH 5.9. This effect could be inhibited by SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). Western blot analysis indicated that phosphorylation of p38 increased in GPR4 infected cells at pH 5.9, which could be inhibited by SB203580. In tube formation assay, HMEC-1 cells were incubated with conditioned medium (CM, pH 5.9, 6.5, 7.4) derived from control and GPR4 infected SCCHN cells. Tube length was significantly increased in HMEC-1 cells incubated with CM from GPR4 infected cells compared with control cells at pH5.9, which indicated the pro-angiogenic effect of GPR4 in acidic pH. The neutralizing antibodies of IL6, IL8 and VEGFA could inhibit tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. In vivo, the effect of GPR4 on angiogenesis was investigated with the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Control and GPR4 infected SCCHN cells were seeded onto the upper CAM surface (n = 5 in each group) and 5 μL DMEM/F12 (pH 5.9, 6.5, 7.4) was added to the surface of the cell every 24 h. Four days later, the upper CAM were harvested and the ratio of the vascular area to the CAM area was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. GPR4 infected cells could recruit more vascular than control cells at pH5.9. In conclusion, we suggested that GPR4 induces angiogenesis via GPR4-induced p38-mediated IL6, IL8 and VEGFA secretion at acidic extracellular pH in SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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