1
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Lomniczi A, Luna SL, Cervera-Juanes R, Appleman ML, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Age-related increase in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the hippocampus of male rhesus macaques. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1328543. [PMID: 38560025 PMCID: PMC10978655 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1328543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hippocampus is especially susceptible to age-associated neuronal pathologies, and there is concern that the age-associated rise in cortisol secretion from the adrenal gland may contribute to their etiology. Furthermore, because 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) catalyzes the reduction of cortisone to the active hormone cortisol, it is plausible that an increase in the expression of this enzyme enhances the deleterious impact of cortisol in the hippocampus and contributes to the neuronal pathologies that underlie cognitive decline in the elderly. Methods Rhesus macaques were used as a translational animal model of human aging, to examine age-related changes in gene and protein expressions of (HSD11B1/HSD11B1) in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Results Older animals showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher base-line cortisol levels in the circulation. In addition, they showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher hippocampal expression of HSD11B1 but not NR3C1 and NR3C2 (i.e., two receptor-encoding genes through which cortisol exerts its physiological actions). A similar age-related significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression of the HSD11B1 was revealed at the protein level by western blot analysis. Discussion The data suggest that an age-related increase in the expression of hippocampal HSD11B1 is likely to raise cortisol concentrations in this cognitive brain area, and thereby contribute to the etiology of neuropathologies that ultimately lead to neuronal loss and dementia. Targeting this enzyme pharmacologically may help to reduce the negative impact of elevated cortisol concentrations within glucocorticoid-sensitive brain areas and thereby afford neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lomniczi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Selva L. Luna
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Maria-Luisa Appleman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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2
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Lee YY, Cal-Kayitmazbatir S, Francey LJ, Bahiru MS, Hayer KE, Wu G, Zeller MJ, Roberts R, Speers J, Koshalek J, Berres ME, Bittman EL, Hogenesch JB. duper is a null mutation of Cryptochrome 1 in Syrian hamsters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123560119. [PMID: 35471909 PMCID: PMC9170138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123560119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The duper mutation is a recessive mutation that shortens the period length of the circadian rhythm in Syrian hamsters. These animals show a large phase shift when responding to light pulses. Limited genetic resources for the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) presented a major obstacle to cloning duper. This caused the duper mutation to remain unknown for over a decade. In this study, we did a de novo genome assembly of Syrian hamsters with long-read sequencing data from two different platforms, Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Using two distinct ecotypes and a fast homozygosity mapping strategy, we identified duper as an early nonsense allele of Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) leading to a short, unstable protein. CRY1 is known as a highly conserved component of the repressive limb of the core circadian clock. The genome assembly and other genomic datasets generated in this study will facilitate the use of the Syrian hamster in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sibel Cal-Kayitmazbatir
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Lauren J. Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Michael Seifu Bahiru
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavior, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Katharina E. Hayer
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Molly J. Zeller
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Robyn Roberts
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - James Speers
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Justin Koshalek
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mark E. Berres
- University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Eric L. Bittman
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavior, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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3
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Teniou S, Bensegueni A, Hybertson BM, Gao B, Bose SK, McCord JM, Chovelon B, Bensouici C, Boumendjel A, Hininger-Favier I. Biodriven investigation of the wild edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii revealing unique properties as functional food. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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4
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Carlisle SM, Trainor PJ, Doll MA, Hein DW. Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) Knockout in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Leads to Transcription of NAT2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:803254. [PMID: 35046826 PMCID: PMC8762260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.803254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers, including breast cancer, have shown differential expression of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). The exact effect this differential expression has on disease risk and progression remains unclear. While NAT1 is classically defined as a xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, other functions and roles in endogenous metabolism have recently been described providing additional impetus for investigating the effects of varying levels of NAT1 on global gene expression. Our objective is to further evaluate the role of NAT1 in breast cancer by determining the effect of NAT1 overexpression, knockdown, and knockout on global gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. RNA-seq was utilized to interrogate differential gene expression (genes correlated with NAT1 activity) across three biological replicates of previously constructed and characterized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines expressing parental (Scrambled), increased (Up), decreased (Down, CRISPR 2–12), or knockout (CRISPR 2–19, CRISPR 5–50) levels of NAT1. 3,889 genes were significantly associated with the NAT1 N-acetylation activity of the cell lines (adjusted p ≤ 0.05); of those 3,889 genes, 1,756 were positively associated with NAT1 N-acetylation activity and 2,133 were negatively associated with NAT1 N-acetylation activity. An enrichment of genes involved in cell adhesion was observed. Additionally, human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) transcripts were observed in the complete NAT1 knockout cell lines (CRISPR 2–19 and CRISPR 5–50). This study provides further evidence that NAT1 functions as more than just a drug metabolizing enzyme given the observation that differences in NAT1 activity have significant impacts on global gene expression. Additionally, our data suggests the knockout of NAT1 results in transcription of its isozyme NAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Patrick J Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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5
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Hashimoto K, Jouhilahti EM, Töhönen V, Carninci P, Kere J, Katayama S. Embryonic LTR retrotransposons supply promoter modules to somatic tissues. Genome Res 2021; 31:1983-1993. [PMID: 34675070 PMCID: PMC8559712 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275354.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are widely distributed across the human genome. They have accumulated through retroviral integration into germline DNA and are latent genetic modules. Active LTR promoters are observed in germline cells; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying their active transcription in somatic tissues. Here, by integrating our previous transcriptome data set with publicly available data sets, we show that the LTR families MLT2A1 and MLT2A2 are primarily expressed in human four-cell and eight-cell embryos and are also activated in some adult somatic tissues, particularly pineal gland. Three MLT2A elements function as the promoters and first exons of the protein-coding genes ABCE1, COL5A1, and GALNT13 specifically in the pineal gland of humans but not in that of macaques, suggesting that the exaptation of these LTRs as promoters occurred during recent primate evolution. This analysis provides insight into the possible transition from germline insertion to somatic expression of LTR retrotransposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Juha Kere
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Ramlawi S, Abusharkh S, Carroll A, McMullin DR, Avis TJ. Biological and chemical characterization of antimicrobial activity in Arthrobacter spp. isolated from disease-suppressive compost. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:745-756. [PMID: 34228381 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antagonistic bacteria can act as biocontrol agents against various phytopathogens. Recently, Arthrobacter spp. demonstrated antifungal activity, but were not further characterized. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Arthrobacter humicola strains M9-1A, M9-2, and M9-8, and Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus strain M9-17 were evaluated against nine plant pathogens in vitro, and their cell-free filtrates were additionally assessed for inhibition of Alternaria alternata and suppression of black mold disease on tomato fruit. Results indicated that A. humicola M9-1A and A. psychrophenolicus M9-17 were the most inhibitory, reducing growth of seven of the pathogens studied. Cell-free filtrates of A. psychrophenolicus M9-17 reduced the growth of most pathogens. All cell-free bacterial filtrates, except those from A. humicola M9-2, suppressed black mold on tomato fruit. Disk diffusion assays with ethyl acetate soluble culture filtrate extracts of all bacteria reduced the mycelial growth of A. alternata. Clear inhibition zones were observed for A. psychrophenolicus M9-17 extracts using drop bioassays. The antifungal compound N-acetyltryptamine was purified and characterized from the A. psychrophenolicus M9-17 cell-free ethyl acetate soluble extract. This study suggests that antibiosis may play a key role in the antimicrobial activity of Arthrobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serine Ramlawi
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alexa Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler J Avis
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada
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7
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N-Acetyl-α-hydroxy-β-oxotryptamine, a racemic natural product isolated from Streptomyces sp. 80H647. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:477-479. [PMID: 33879862 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl-α-hydroxy-β-oxotryptamine (1) along with N-acetyl-β-oxotryptamine (2) and pimprinine (3) were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. 80H647. Compound 1 was found to be a racemate via X-ray diffraction analysis and the enantiomers were successfully purified by chiral-phase HPLC. The absolute configuration was assigned by comparison of the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. The α-hydroxy moiety of 1 was vital for cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines.
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8
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Chang E, Fu C, Coon SL, Alon S, Bozinoski M, Breymaier M, Bustos DM, Clokie SJ, Gothilf Y, Esnault C, Michael Iuvone P, Mason CE, Ochocinska MJ, Tovin A, Wang C, Xu P, Zhu J, Dale R, Klein DC. Resource: A multi-species multi-timepoint transcriptome database and webpage for the pineal gland and retina. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12673. [PMID: 32533862 PMCID: PMC7513311 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The website and database https://snengs.nichd.nih.gov provides RNA sequencing data from multi-species analysis of the pineal glands from zebrafish (Danio rerio), chicken (White Leghorn), rat (Rattus novegicus), mouse (Mus musculus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and human (Homo sapiens); in most cases, retinal data are also included along with results of the analysis of a mixture of RNA from tissues. Studies cover day and night conditions; in addition, a time series over multiple hours, a developmental time series and pharmacological experiments on rats are included. The data have been uniformly re-processed using the latest methods and assemblies to allow for comparisons between experiments and to reduce processing differences. The website presents search functionality, graphical representations, Excel tables, and track hubs of all data for detailed visualization in the UCSC Genome Browser. As more data are collected from investigators and improved genomes become available in the future, the website will be updated. This database is in the public domain and elements can be reproduced by citing the URL and this report. This effort makes the results of 21st century transcriptome profiling widely available in a user-friendly format that is expected to broadly influence pineal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Cong Fu
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of EducationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseasesChangchunChina
| | - Steven L. Coon
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Molecular Genomics CoreOffice of the Scientific DirectorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Shahar Alon
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Present address:
The Alexander Kofkin Faculty of EngineeringBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Marjan Bozinoski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Matthew Breymaier
- Computer Support Services CoreEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Diego M. Bustos
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Instituto de Histología y Embriología de MendozaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Samuel J. Clokie
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
West Midlands Regional Genetics LaboratoriesBirmingham, Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Caroline Esnault
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology & Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Margaret J. Ochocinska
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Adi Tovin
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Present address:
The Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for GenomicsSchool of MedicineLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Pinxian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai School of Medicine Icahn Medical InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jinhang Zhu
- United States Food and Drug Administration’s National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonARUSA
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Ryan Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David C. Klein
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Office of the Scientific DirectorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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9
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Cai Z, Klein T, Geenen LW, Tu L, Tian S, van den Bosch AE, de Rijke YB, Reiss IKM, Boersma E, Duncker DJ, Boomars KA, Guignabert C, Merkus D. Lower Plasma Melatonin Levels Predict Worse Long-Term Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051248. [PMID: 32344923 PMCID: PMC7287676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in animal models. Multiple mechanisms are involved, with melatonin exerting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as inducing vasodilation and cardio-protection. However, endogenous levels of melatonin in treatment-naïve patients with PH and their clinical significance are still unknown. Plasma levels of endogenous melatonin were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in PH patients (n = 64, 43 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and 21 chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH)) and healthy controls (n = 111). Melatonin levels were higher in PH, PAH, and CTEPH patients when compared with controls (Median 118.7 (IQR 108.2–139.9), 118.9 (109.3–147.7), 118.3 (106.8–130.1) versus 108.0 (102.3–115.2) pM, respectively, p all <0.001). The mortality was 26% (11/43) in the PAH subgroup during a long-term follow-up of 42 (IQR: 32–58) months. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that, in the PAH subgroup, patients with melatonin levels in the 1st quartile (<109.3 pM) had a worse survival than those in quartile 2–4 (Mean survival times were 46 (95% CI: 30–65) versus 68 (58–77) months, Log-rank, p = 0.026) with an increased hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.1–11.6, p = 0.038). Endogenous melatonin was increased in treatment-naïve patients with PH, and lower levels of melatonin were associated with worse long-term survival in patient with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongye Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Theo Klein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.); (Y.B.d.R.)
| | - Laurie W. Geenen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, 92350 Paris, France; (L.T.); (C.G.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270 Paris, France
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Annemien E. van den Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Yolanda B. de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.); (Y.B.d.R.)
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Karin A. Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, 92350 Paris, France; (L.T.); (C.G.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270 Paris, France
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (L.W.G.); (S.T.); (A.E.v.d.B.); (E.B.); (D.J.D.)
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7030955
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10
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Lee BH, Bussi IL, de la Iglesia HO, Hague C, Koh DS, Hille B. Two indoleamines are secreted from rat pineal gland at night and act on melatonin receptors but are not night hormones. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12622. [PMID: 31715643 PMCID: PMC7007382 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At night, the pineal gland produces the indoleamines, melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT). Melatonin is accepted as a hormone of night. Could NAS and NAT serve that role too? METHODS Concentration-response measurements with overexpressed human melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 ; mass spectrometry analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated secretions from isolated rat pineal glands; analysis of 24-hour periodic samples of rat blood. RESULTS We show that NAT and NAS do activate melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 , although with lower potency than melatonin, and that in vitro, melatonin and NAS are secreted from stimulated, isolated pineal glands in roughly equimolar amounts, but secretion of NAT was much less. All three were found at roughly equal concentrations in blood during the night. However, during the day, serum melatonin fell to very low values creating a high-amplitude circadian rhythm that was absent after pinealectomy, whereas NAS and NAT showed only small or no circadian variation. CONCLUSION Blood levels of NAS and NAT were insufficient to activate peripheral melatonin receptors, and they were invariant, so they could not serve as circulating hormones of night. However, they could instead act in paracrine circadian fashion near the pineal gland or via other higher-affinity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
| | - Ivana L. Bussi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington School, Seattle, WA 98195-1800 USA
| | | | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Bertil Hille; , Phone: 206-543-6661, Duk-Su Koh; , Phone: 206-407-6690
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Bertil Hille; , Phone: 206-543-6661, Duk-Su Koh; , Phone: 206-407-6690
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11
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Slominski AT, Kim TK, Kleszczyński K, Semak I, Janjetovic Z, Sweatman T, Skobowiat C, Steketee JD, Lin Z, Postlethwaite A, Li W, Reiter RJ, Tobin DJ. Characterization of serotonin and N-acetylserotonin systems in the human epidermis and skin cells. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12626. [PMID: 31770455 PMCID: PMC7007327 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was detected in cultured epidermal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts with respective Km of 5.08 and 2.83 mM and Vmax of 80.5 and 108.0 µmol/min. Low but detectable TPH activity was also seen in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Serotonin and/or its metabolite and precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), were identified by LC/MS in human epidermis and serum. Endogenous epidermal levels were 113.18 ± 13.34 and 43.41 ± 12.45 ng/mg protein for serotonin (n = 8/8) and NAS (n = 10/13), respectively. Their production was independent of race, gender, and age. NAS was also detected in human serum (n = 13/13) at a concentration 2.44 ± 0.45 ng/mL, while corresponding serotonin levels were 295.33 ± 17.17 ng/mL (n = 13/13). While there were no differences in serum serotonin levels, serum NAS levels were slightly higher in females. Immunocytochemistry studies showed localization of serotonin to epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, eccrine glands, mast cells, and dermal fibrocytes. Endogenous production of serotonin in cultured melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts was modulated by UVB. In conclusion, serotonin and NAS are produced endogenously in the epidermal, dermal, and adnexal compartments of human skin and in cultured skin cells. NAS is also detectable in human serum. Both serotonin and NAS inhibited melanogenesis in human melanotic melanoma at concentrations of 10-4 -10-3 M. They also inhibited growth of melanocytes. Melanoma cells were resistant to NAS inhibition, while serotonin inhibited cell growth only at 10-3 M. In summary, we characterized a serotonin-NAS system in human skin that is a part of local neuroendocrine system regulating skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Dermatology,VA Medical Center; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Semak
- Department of Biochemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Cezary Skobowiat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Zongtao Lin
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Departments of VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Coon SL, Fu C, Hartley SW, Holtzclaw L, Mays JC, Kelly MC, Kelley MW, Mullikin JC, Rath MF, Savastano LE, Klein DC. Single Cell Sequencing of the Pineal Gland: The Next Chapter. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31616371 PMCID: PMC6764290 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of pineal cell biology has undergone remarkable development as techniques have become available which allow for sequencing of entire transcriptomes and, most recently, the sequencing of the transcriptome of individual cells. Identification of at least nine distinct cell types in the rat pineal gland has been made possible, allowing identification of the precise cells of origin and expression of transcripts for the first time. Here the history and current state of knowledge generated by these transcriptomic efforts is reviewed, with emphasis on the insights suggested by the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, Office of the Scientific Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Steven W. Hartley
- Comparative Genomics Analysis Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lynne Holtzclaw
- Microscopy and Imaging Core, Office of the Scientific Director, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph C. Mays
- Institute on Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael C. Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W. Kelley
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cochlear Development, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James C. Mullikin
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Martin F. Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luis E. Savastano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David C. Klein
- Office of the Scientific Director, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: David C. Klein
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