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Oliver E, Coates A, Bennett JM, Willis ML. Narcissism and Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1871-1884. [PMID: 37702183 PMCID: PMC11155208 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231196115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship differs depending on narcissism type (grandiose or vulnerable), the type of violence perpetrated, or the perpetrator's gender. Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and Academic Search Complete databases were searched on August 11, 2022. Studies were included if they were in English, measured IPV perpetration and trait narcissism, and examined the relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration. Studies were excluded if they were review papers, conference extracts, book chapters, or if the data was not specific to trait narcissism. The AXIS tool was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the studies. Twenty-two studies (N = 11,520 participants) were included in the random effects meta-analysis revealing a significant, weak, positive relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration, r = .15. Subgroup analyses revealed physical IPV perpetration was not significantly related to trait narcissism while cyber and psychological IPV perpetration were significantly, positively, weakly related to trait narcissism. No significant difference in the strength of the relationship with IPV perpetration was found between males and females. The relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration was significantly greater for vulnerable narcissism than grandiose narcissism. Overall, the quality of the included studies was high, and risk of bias was low. All measures were self-report and underreporting could be present given both narcissistic traits and IPV perpetration are considered socially undesirable. Future research examining these relationships should specify IPV and narcissism types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Oliver
- Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
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2
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Pineda D, Galán M, Martínez-Martínez A, Andrés-Prades PJ, García-Barceló N, Carbonell EJ, González-Álvarez JL. Personality Comparison between Lethal and Non-lethal Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators and Their Victims. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:567-577. [PMID: 38006460 PMCID: PMC11111531 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) and femicide (intimate partner femicide, IPF), as a worldwide phenomenon, cannot be explained in a simple way. From an ecological point of view, there are individual factors contemplated. In the current studies, we consider personality as an individual factor to clarify what differentiates a non-lethal IPVAW situation from a femicide. Study 1 was designed to investigate the accuracy with which trained interviewers judged the personality of a group of IPVAW perpetrators during an interview. The target sample of study 1 was composed of 293 males who after being interviewed completed a measure of personality assessing the "Big Three" model of personality. The interviewers performed fairly accurate judgements about the personality of the target participants. Study 2 shows the differences in personality, using Eysenck's personality model, between the IPF and IPVAW perpetrators and their victims. The total sample study 2 was formed of 551 participants distributed among IPF perpetrators, IPVAW perpetrators, and the victims of both groups. Differences in proportions were observed between both groups of perpetrators as well as between each group and their respective victims. With these findings, we propose personality as a femicide risk factor that should be taken into consideration by police officers and other practitioners when receiving an IPVAW report.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pineda
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de La Universidad, 03202, S/N. Edf. AltamiraElche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Manuel Galán
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de La Universidad, 03202, S/N. Edf. AltamiraElche, Alicante, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Martínez
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de La Universidad, 03202, S/N. Edf. AltamiraElche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo J Andrés-Prades
- C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Institute for Forensic and Security Sciences (ICFS) of the Autonomous University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Edificio C, Despacho C-302, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nestor García-Barceló
- C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Institute for Forensic and Security Sciences (ICFS) of the Autonomous University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria Cantoblanco, Edificio C, Despacho C-302, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J Carbonell
- Central Departmental Building/Office 1P03, University Research Institute of Criminology and Criminal Science, School of Law, University of Valencia, Tarongers Campus, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L González-Álvarez
- Dirección General de Coordinación y Estudios, Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad, Madrid, Spain
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Schokkenbroek JM, Hauspie T, Ponnet K, Hardyns W. Malevolent Monitoring: Dark Triad Traits, Cyber Dating Abuse, and the Instrumental Role of Self-Control. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241233263. [PMID: 38389320 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241233263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cyber dating abuse (CDA) concerns the use of digital technology to control, monitor, and hurt one's intimate partner. CDA can have profound detrimental outcomes, such as mental health problems. As such, it is important to identify intrapersonal factors that may explain these behaviors. Previous research suggests that one such factor is the personality cluster of Dark Triad traits (DTT), comprising Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Additionally, DTT and CDA perpetration have both been linked to poor self-control ability, but these relationships have not yet been tested together in one model. As such, the present study examines if individuals' poor self-control ability mediates the relationship between the DTT and CDA perpetration. To test these associations, we conducted a survey study among a representative sample of Belgian adults (n = 1,144; Mage = 47.66 years; 51.3% female). Findings from correlation analyses revealed that all three DTT were individually associated with CDA perpetration, such that higher scores on these traits corresponded with more CDA perpetration. Additionally, pathway analyses from structural equation modeling revealed that individuals' poor self-control ability fully explained the relationship between Machiavellianism and narcissism and CDA perpetration, and partially explained the relationship between psychopathy and CDA perpetration. As our findings suggest that self-control plays an instrumental role in explaining why individuals control and monitor their partner via digital technology, prevention and intervention efforts should seek ways to improve individuals' self-control ability in situations that may trigger such harmful interpersonal behaviors, particularly among individuals who exhibit Dark Triad personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke M Schokkenbroek
- IMEC-MICT, Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Political & Social Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
- IRCP, Department of Criminology, Criminal Law & Social Law, Faculty of Law & Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Thijs Hauspie
- IRCP, Department of Criminology, Criminal Law & Social Law, Faculty of Law & Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Koen Ponnet
- IMEC-MICT, Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Political & Social Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Wim Hardyns
- IRCP, Department of Criminology, Criminal Law & Social Law, Faculty of Law & Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Belgium
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Allman M, Nava A, Asim N, Brashear B, Walton QL, McFarlane J, Sharp C. Using the Colaizzi Method to Explore Intimate Partner Violence Caseworkers' Subjective Experience: Pathways to Intimate Partner Violence Work and What Keeps Them Going. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:174-188. [PMID: 37817670 PMCID: PMC11128338 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful intimate partner violence (IPV) safety, advocacy, and intervention programs require recruitment and retention of persons of experience and commitment. To examine lived experiences of IPV advocates working in transitional shelter programs for women exiting IPV relationships, focus group discussions of 15 transitional housing and IPV shelter caseworkers were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step phenomenological method of analysis. Several themes emerged through the analysis, including historical, intergenerational pathways to IPV work and unity in sisterhood with IPV clients. The seven-step Colaizzi method is presented with examples of how each Colaizzi step yields an understanding of what motivates and sustains IPV caseworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Allman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angeles Nava
- College of Nursing, Texas Women’s University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nabeeha Asim
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbie Brashear
- Harris County Domestic Violence Coordinating Council, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quenette L. Walton
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Developmental Support, University of the Free State, Free State, South Africa
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Rico-Bordera P, Piqueras JA, Soto-Sanz V, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Marzo JC, Galán M, Pineda D. Civic Engagement and Personality: Associations with the Big Five and the Dark Triad. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2126. [PMID: 36767493 PMCID: PMC9915084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have analyzed the relationship between general personality traits and attitudes and behaviors, indicating that a person is more committed to the community. After raising the question of whether malevolent traits might also be related, the aim was to analyze the relationship between civic engagement and personality, delving into the contribution of the Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and controlling for the association with the Big Five. The Civic Engagement Questionnaire, the Short Dark Triad, and the Big Five Inventory-10 were administered to 1175 Spanish students (convenience sampling). After performing statistical analyses using SPSS statistical software, it was obtained that the three Dark Triad traits explained 11% of the total explained variance of civic engagement, while 19% was reached when the Big Five were included. Narcissism and openness were the factors most strongly associated with engagement. The positive relationship between narcissism and general personality traits could explain why narcissistic people have more favorable attitudes. Furthermore, people with narcissistic traits may display these attitudes for their own benefit. This study provides further evidence of how the narcissistic personality trait differs from the other two malevolent traits. Given that these traits are also associated with maladaptive behaviors, knowing all their characteristics could facilitate the design of prevention programs aimed at reducing such maladaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rico-Bordera
- Forensic Psychology Unit of the Centre for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - José A. Piqueras
- Forensic Psychology Unit of the Centre for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Juan-Carlos Marzo
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Galán
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - David Pineda
- Forensic Psychology Unit of the Centre for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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Pineda D, Rico-Bordera P, Martínez-Martínez A, Galán M, Piqueras JA. Dark tetrad personality traits also play a role in bullying victimization. Front Psychol 2022; 13:984744. [PMID: 36312177 PMCID: PMC9616045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying refers to physical and/or psychological mistreatment or abuse by one individual or group toward another individual or group. Bullying is widespread in our society and carries considerable negative consequences. This phenomenon is caused by multiple factors, which include personality. Much more attention has been paid to the study of the perpetrators' negative personality traits than the victims. Several studies have examined the relationship between these traits—the Dark Triad or Dark Tetrad—and being a victim of bullying (or mobbing) in adults, especially in the workplace. However, only two studies have been located that have studied these relationships in adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between being a victim of bullying and the ark Tetrad traits, delving into the specific contribution of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism in victims of bullying in Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out by administering the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, and the Peer Bullying Questionnaire to 393 adolescents aged 12–18 years (M = 14.18; SD = 2.52; 53.7% male). The Dark Tetrad traits predicted the victimization variables in the seven models analyzed, with the verbal abuse model being the model with the largest contribution. Of the four dark traits, sadism stands out as the trait with the highest specific contribution. Our results indicate, despite not implying a causal relationship, that those people with high scores in the Dark Tetrad traits tend to be more victimized by bullying. Knowing the personality traits of the bullying perpetrators and their victims, practitioners will have a complete picture of the personality variables that play a role in preventing bullying and its associated victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pineda
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pilar Rico-Bordera
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Martínez
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Martínez-Martínez
| | - Manuel Galán
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Piqueras
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Considering sadism in the shadow of the Dark Triad traits: A meta-analytic review of the Dark Tetrad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Katz L, Harvey C, Baker IS, Howard C. The Dark Side of Humanity Scale: A reconstruction of the Dark Tetrad constructs. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 222:103461. [PMID: 34902686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an absence of consideration regarding measurement invariance across males and females in the widely available Dark Tetrad (DT) scales which measure psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism and everyday sadism. This has resulted in criticisms of the measures, suggesting that the assessed constructs are not wholly relatable between the groups. This article documents the construction and validation of the Dark Side of Humanity Scale (DSHS), which measures dark personalities from an alternative viewpoint, determined by the constructs as they emerged from the male and female data, whilst aligning with theory and attaining invariance between sex. Across four samples (n = 2409), using a diverse range of statistical methods, including exploratory graph analysis, item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis, a divergence from the widely available DT measures emerged, whereby primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were unified. This corroborated past research which had discussed the two constructs as being parallel. It further supported the DSHS with a shift away from the traditional DT conceptualisation. The resulting scale encompasses four factors which are sex invariant across samples and time. The first factor represents the successful psychopath, factor two addresses the grandiose form of entitlement, factor three taps into everyday sadism whilst the fourth factor pertains to narcissistic entitlement rage. Construct and external validity of the DSHS across two samples (n = 1338), as well as test-retest reliability (n = 413), was achieved. The DSHS provides an alternative approach to investigating the dark side of human nature, whilst also being sex invariant, thus making it highly suitable for use with mixed sex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Katz
- Arden University, Arden House, Middlemarch Park, Coventry CV3 4FJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline Harvey
- University of Derby, Kedleston Rd, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian S Baker
- University of Derby, Kedleston Rd, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Howard
- University of Derby, Kedleston Rd, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
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Cost-Inflicting Mate Retention Tactics Predict the Perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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