1
|
Elgamsy R, Awad MI, Ramadan N, Amer A, Osama Y, El-Hilaly R, Elsabbagh A. Localization of composite prosthetic feet: manufacturing processes and production guidelines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17421. [PMID: 37833321 PMCID: PMC10575928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amputation levels in Egypt and the surrounding neighborhood require a state intervention to localize the manufacturing of prosthetic feet. Amputations are mainly due to chronic diseases, accidents, and hostilities' casualties. The prosthetic foot type is traditionally classified according to the number of axial rotational movements, and is recently classified according to the energy activeness of the foot. The localization of this industry needs a preliminary survey of the domestic technological levels with respect to the foot type. Upon the results of this survey, the energy storage response foot has appealing metrics to proceed with its manufacturing. A prototype manufacturing chain is designed and a set of these feet with a certain commercial size of 27 is manufactured. Resin impregnation technology for carbon fiber composites is followed in this work. The feet are tested according to ISO 22,675. Based on the dimensional and mechanical results, a manufacturing value chain is proposed with the prospective resin transfer molding technology. This value chain will guarantee the required localization as well as the natural growth of this value chain with all related activities like accreditation of practices as well as manpower certification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Elgamsy
- Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Awad
- Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Ramadan
- Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Amer
- Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yomna Osama
- Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana El-Hilaly
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsabbagh
- Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Halim A, Abdellatif A, Awad MI, Atia MRA. Prediction of human gait activities using wearable sensors. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:676-687. [PMID: 33730894 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of human gait prediction using machine learning algorithms. Three classifiers are used in this paper: XGBoost, Random Forest, and SVM. A predefined dataset is used for feature extraction and classification. Gait prediction is determined during several locomotion activities: sitting (S), level walking (LW), ramp ascend (RA), ramp descend (RD), stair ascend (SA), stair descend (SD), and standing (ST). The results are gained for steady-state (SS) and overall (full) gait cycle. Two sets of sensors are used. The first set uses inertial measurement units only. The second set uses inertial measurement units, electromyography, and electro-goniometers. The comparison is based on prediction accuracy and prediction time. In addition, a comparison between the prediction times of XGBoost with CPU and GPU is introduced due to the easiness of using XGBoost with GPU. The results of this paper can help to choose a classifier for gait prediction that can obtain acceptable accuracy with fewer types of sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Halim
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Abdellatif
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I Awad
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, AinShams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R A Atia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Abu Osman NA, Al Kouzbary M, Al Kouzbary H, Abd Razak NA, Shasmin HN, Arifin N. Classification and Comparison of Mechanical Design of Powered Ankle–Foot Prostheses for Transtibial Amputees Developed in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review. J Med Device 2021. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4049437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A systematic review of the mechanical design of powered ankle–foot prostheses developed from 2000 to 2019 was conducted through database and manual searches. A total of ten English and two Chinese databases were searched using the same keywords. Moreover, information on commercialized prostheses was collected through a manual search. A total of 8729 publications were obtained from the database search, and 83 supplementary publications and 49 online product introductions were accumulated through the manual search. A total of 91 powered ankle–foot prostheses were extracted from 159 publications and online information after exclusion. The mechanical design characteristics of the prostheses were described briefly and compared after they were categorized into 11 subclassifications. This review revealed that a considerable number of powered ankle–foot prostheses were developed in the last 20 years. The development of such prostheses was characterized by alternative modes, that is, from pneumatic or hydraulic drivers to motorized drivers and from rigid transmissions to elastic actuators. This review contributes to the comprehensive understanding of current designs, which can benefit the combination of the advantages of and redundancy avoidance in future powered ankle–foot prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mouaz Al Kouzbary
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hamza Al Kouzbary
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hanie Nadia Shasmin
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nooranida Arifin
- Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abouhossein A, Awad MI, Maqbool HF, Crisp C, Stewart TD, Messenger N, Richardson RC, Dehghani-Sanij AA, Bradley D. Foot trajectories and loading rates in a transfemoral amputee for six different commercial prosthetic knees: An indication of adaptability. Med Eng Phys 2019; 68:46-56. [PMID: 30979583 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the functional loading rate and heel velocities was assessed in an active unilateral transfemoral amputee (UTFA) for adaptation to six different commercial prosthetic knees. OBJECTIVE To Investigate the short-term process of adaptability for UTFA for two types of prosthetic knees were evaluated, based on the correlation between heel vertical velocity and transient loading rate. METHODS The loading rate was calculated from the slope of ground reaction forces (GRF) and the corresponding time. The heel velocities and GRF were obtained by a motion analysis system. RESULTS Biomechanical adaptation was evident following a short period of prosthetic knee use based upon the mean transient impact (loading rate) and the heel vertical velocity in slow, normal and fast walking. Trend lines of transient impact versus vertical heel velocity for a set of actively controlled variable damping (microprocessor) and mechanically passive prosthetic knees were all negatively correlated, except for an amputated leg during normal pace and healthy leg during fast pace. For an amputee to adapt well to a prescribed prosthesis excellent coordination between the intact and amputated limbs is required to control placement of the amputated leg to achieve a gait comparable to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION There are many factors such as the hip, knee flexion/extension and the ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion contributing to the control of the transient impact of an amputee during walking. Therefore, for enhanced control of a prosthetic knee, a multifaceted approach is required. This study showed that UTFA adaption to different prosthetic knees in the short term with slower than self-selected speed is completely achievable based on the negative correlation of ground reaction forces versus linear velocity. Reduced speed may provide the prosthetists with the vision of the amputees' progression of adaptation with a newly prescribed prosthetic knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abouhossein
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran; Robotics, Design and Optimisation, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, School of Mechanical Engineering, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Hafiz F Maqbool
- Department of Mechatronics & Control Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Carl Crisp
- Robotics, Design and Optimisation, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, School of Mechanical Engineering, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Todd D Stewart
- Institute Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Neil Messenger
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robert C Richardson
- Robotics, Design and Optimisation, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, School of Mechanical Engineering, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas A Dehghani-Sanij
- Robotics, Design and Optimisation, Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, School of Mechanical Engineering, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David Bradley
- Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pieringer DS, Grimmer M, Russold MF, Riener R. Review of the actuators of active knee prostheses and their target design outputs for activities of daily living. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2017; 2017:1246-1253. [PMID: 28813992 DOI: 10.1109/icorr.2017.8009420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Active prosthetic knees have the capability to provide net positive work, which is required in daily activities like stair and ramp negotiation or sit-to-stand transfers. Adding this capability might help to increase user mobility, safety, and independence. This article summarizes the biomechanical knee requirements for different activities of daily living and critically compares them with the actuator characteristics of state-of-the-art active prosthetic knee joints. As a result of a systematic literature research 22 active prosthetic knee joints were identified. Most systems use a stiff actuator in combination with a ball screw and are capable of supporting the majority of daily tasks for the average US citizen (82.5 kg) at self-selected movement speed. Physiological requirements exceed most system specifications if increased user mass, walking speed, or inclinations are assumed. To cope with the requirements, springs and dampers are used to assist the motor. The comparison of the prostheses characteristics with anthropometric data shows that most of the devices are in the physiological range for the system height and even when being tethered it is critical to achieve a physiological mass. Also while just one active knee is commercialized so far, physiological knee biomechanics show that there is a potential for active prosthetic knee solutions. Summarized biomechanical and anthropometric data can be used as a framework to develop prototypes. Further, the overview of state-of-the-art systems can provide possible solutions to deal with the task specific prosthetic knee requirements.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The human foot consists of complex sets of joints. The adaptive nature of the human foot enables it to be stable on any uneven surface. It is important to have such adaptive capabilities in the artificial prosthesis to achieve most of the essential movements for lower-limb amputees. However, many existing lower-limb prostheses lack the adaptive nature. This paper reviews lower-limb adaptive foot prostheses. In order to understand the design concepts of adaptive foot prostheses, the biomechanics of human foot have been explained. Additionally, the requirements and design challenges are investigated and presented. In this review, adaptive foot prostheses are classified according to actuation method. Furthermore, merits and demerits of present-day adaptive foot prostheses are presented based on the hardware construction. The hardware configurations of recent adaptive foot prostheses are analyzed and compared. At the end, potential future developments are highlighted.
Collapse
|