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Poole KL, Henderson HA. Shyness, self-focused attention, and behavioral mimicry during social interaction Kristie L. Poole & Heather A. Henderson. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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2
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Lang M, Xygalatas D, Kavanagh CM, Boccardi N, Halberstadt J, Jackson C, Martínez M, Reddish P, Tong EMW, Vázquez A, Whitehouse H, Yamamoto ME, Yuki M, Gomez A. Outgroup threat and the emergence of cohesive groups: A cross-cultural examination. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302211016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary models and empirical evidence suggest that outgroup threat is one of the strongest factors inducing group cohesion; however, little is known about the process of forming such cohesive groups. We investigated how outgroup threat galvanizes individuals to affiliate with others to form engaged units that are willing to act on behalf of their in-group. A total of 864 participants from six countries were randomly assigned to an outgroup threat, environmental threat, or no-threat condition. We measured the process of group formation through physical proximity and movement mirroring along with activity toward threat resolution, and found that outgroup threat induced activity and heightened mirroring in males. We also observed higher mirroring and proximity in participants who perceived the outgroup threat as a real danger, albeit the latter results were imprecisely estimated. Together, these findings help understand how sharing subtle behavioral cues influences collaborative aggregation of people under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angel Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain
- ARTIS International, Spain
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3
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Baker ZG, Watlington EM, Knee CR. The Role of Rapport in Satisfying One's Basic Psychological Needs. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2020; 44:329-343. [PMID: 34079151 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-020-09819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Duffy KA, Green PA, Chartrand TL. Mimicry and Modeling of Health(-Risk) Behaviors: How Others Impact Our Health(-Risk) Behaviors Without Our Awareness. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Roslan NS, Izhar LI, Faye I, Amin HU, Mohamad Saad MN, Sivapalan S, Abdul Karim SA, Abdul Rahman M. Neural correlates of eye contact in face-to-face verbal interaction: An EEG-based study of the extraversion personality trait. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219839. [PMID: 31344061 PMCID: PMC6657841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraversion personality trait has a positive correlation with social interaction. In neuroimaging studies, investigations on extraversion in face-to-face verbal interactions are still scarce. This study presents an electroencephalography (EEG)-based investigation of the extraversion personality trait in relation to eye contact during face-to-face interactions, as this is a vital signal in social interactions. A sample of healthy male participants were selected (consisting of sixteen more extraverted and sixteen less extraverted individuals) and evaluated with the Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) tools. EEG alpha oscillations in the occipital region were measured to investigate extraversion personality trait correlates of eye contact during a face-to-face interaction task and an eyes-open condition. The results revealed that the extraversion personality trait has a significant positive correlation with EEG alpha coherence in the occipital region, presumably due to its relationship with eye contact during the interaction task. Furthermore, the decrease in EEG alpha power during the interaction task compared to the eyes-open condition was found to be greater in the less extraverted participants; however, no significant difference was observed between the less and more extraverted participants. Overall, these findings encourage further research towards the understanding of neural mechanism correlates of the extraversion personality trait-particularly in social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Roslan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lila Iznita Izhar
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahima Faye
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hafeez Ullah Amin
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Naufal Mohamad Saad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Subarna Sivapalan
- Centre for Excellence in Teaching & Learning (CETaL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre for Smart Grid Energy Research (CSMER), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Perak, Malaysia
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Duffy KA, Luber B, Adcock RA, Chartrand TL. Enhancing activation in the right temporoparietal junction using theta-burst stimulation: Disambiguating between two hypotheses of top-down control of behavioral mimicry. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211279. [PMID: 30682141 PMCID: PMC6347431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas previous research has focused on the role of the rTPJ when consciously inhibiting mimicry, we test the role of the rTPJ on mimicry within a social interaction, during which mimicking occurs nonconsciously. We wanted to determine whether higher rTPJ activation always inhibits the tendency to imitate (regardless of the context) or whether it facilitates mimicry during social interactions (when mimicking is an adaptive response). Participants received either active or sham intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS: a type of stimulation that increases cortical activation) to the rTPJ. Next, we measured how much participants mimicked the hair and face touching of another person. Participants in the active stimulation condition engaged in significantly less mimicry than those in the sham stimulation condition. This finding suggests that even in a context in which mimicking is adaptive, rTPJ inhibits mimicry rather than facilitating it, supporting the hypothesis that rTPJ enhances representations of self over other regardless of the goals within a given context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrina A. Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Luber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Alison Adcock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tanya L. Chartrand
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Pelosin E, Bisio A, Pozzo T, Lagravinese G, Crisafulli O, Marchese R, Abbruzzese G, Avanzino L. Postural Stabilization Strategies to Motor Contagion Induced by Action Observation Are Impaired in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:105. [PMID: 29545771 PMCID: PMC5837984 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural reactions can be influenced by concomitant tasks or different contexts and are modulated by a higher order motor control. Recent studies investigated postural changes determined by motor contagion induced by action observation (chameleon effect) showing that observing a model in postural disequilibrium induces an increase in healthy subjects’ body sway. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with postural instability and impairments in cognitively controlled balance tasks. However, no studies investigated if viewing postural imbalance might influence postural stability in PD and if patients are able to inhibit a visual postural perturbation. In this study, an action observation paradigm for assessing postural reaction to motor contagion in PD subjects and healthy older adults was used. Postural stability changes were measured during the observation of a static stimulus (control condition) and during a point-light display of a gymnast balancing on a rope (biological stimulus). Our results showed that, during the observation of the biological stimulus, sway area and antero-posterior and medio-lateral displacements of center of pressure significantly increased only in PD participants, whereas correct stabilization reactions were present in elderly subjects. These results demonstrate that PD leads to a decreased capacity to control automatic imitative tendencies induced by motor contagion. This behavior could be the consequence either of an inability to inhibit automatic imitative tendencies or of the cognitive load requested by the task. Whatever the case, the issue about the ability to inhibit automatic imitative tendencies could be crucial for PD patients since it might increase falls risk and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- INSERM-U1093, CAPS, Campus Universitaire, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centro di Neurofisiologia Traslazionale, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lagravinese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Oscar Crisafulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Spark A, Stansmore T, O'Connor P. The failure of introverts to emerge as leaders: The role of forecasted affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Brick TR, Gray AL, Staples AD. Recurrence Quantification for the Analysis of Coupled Processes in Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 73:134-147. [PMID: 28958046 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging is a complex phenomenon, with numerous simultaneous processes that interact with each other on a moment-to-moment basis. One way to quantify the interactions of these processes is by measuring how much a process is similar to its own past states or the past states of another system through the analysis of recurrence. This paper presents an introduction to recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA), two dynamical systems analysis techniques that provide ways to characterize the self-similar nature of each process and the properties of their mutual temporal co-occurrence. Method We present RQA and CRQA and demonstrate their effectiveness with an example of conversational movements across age groups. Results RQA and CRQA provide methods of analyzing the repetitive processes that occur in day-to-day life, describing how different processes co-occur, synchronize, or predict each other and comparing the characteristics of those processes between groups. Discussion With intensive longitudinal data becoming increasingly available, it is possible to examine how the processes of aging unfold. RQA and CRQA provide information about how one process may show patterns of internal repetition or echo the patterning of another process and how those characteristics may change across the process of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Brick
- Departments of Human Development and Family Studies and Psychology
| | - Allison L Gray
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Angela D Staples
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti
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Lü W, Xing W, Hughes BM, Wang Z. Extraversion and cardiovascular responses to recurrent social stress: Effect of stress intensity. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 131:144-151. [PMID: 29111452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to establish whether the effects of extraversion on cardiovascular responses to recurrent social stress are contingent on stress intensity. A 2×5×1 mixed-factorial experiment was conducted, with social stress intensity as a between-subject variable, study phase as a within-subject variable, extraversion as a continuous independent variable, and cardiovascular parameter (HR, SBP, DBP, or RSA) as a dependent variable. Extraversion (NEO-FFI), subjective stress, and physiological stress were measured in 166 undergraduate students randomly assigned to undergo moderate (n=82) or high-intensity (n=84) social stress (a public speaking task with different levels of social evaluation). All participants underwent continuous physiological monitoring while facing two consecutive stress exposures distributed across five laboratory phases: baseline, stress exposure 1, post-stress 1, stress exposure 2, post-stress 2. Results indicated that under moderate-intensity social stress, participants higher on extraversion exhibited lesser HR reactivity to stress than participants lower on extraversion, while under high-intensity social stress, they exhibited greater HR, SBP, DBP and RSA reactivity. Under both moderate- and high-intensity social stress, participants higher on extraversion exhibited pronounced SBP and DBP response adaptation to repeated stress, and showed either better degree of HR recovery or greater amount of SBP and DBP recovery after stress. These findings suggest that individuals higher on extraversion exhibit physiological flexibility to cope with social challenges and benefit from adaptive cardiovascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
| | - Wanying Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Brian M Hughes
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
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11
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Zhao Z, Salesse RN, Marin L, Gueugnon M, Bardy BG. Likability's Effect on Interpersonal Motor Coordination: Exploring Natural Gaze Direction. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29123495 PMCID: PMC5662917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although existing studies indicate a positive effect of interpersonal motor coordination (IMC) on likability, no consensus has been reached as for the effect of likability back onto IMC. The present study specifically investigated the causal effect of likability on IMC and explored, by tracking the natural gaze direction, the possible underlying mechanisms. Twenty-two participants were engaged in an interpersonal finger-tapping task with a confederate in three likability conditions (baseline, likable, and unlikable), while wearing an eye tracker. They had to perform finger tapping at their comfort tempo with the confederate who tapped at the same or 1.5 times of the participant’s preferred frequency. Results showed that when tapping at the same frequency, the effect of likability on IMC varied with time. Participants coordinated at a higher level in the baseline condition at the beginning of the coordination task, and a facilitative effect of likability on IMC was revealed in the last session. As a novelty, our results evidenced a positive correlation between IMC and the amount of gaze onto the coordination partner’s movement only in the likable condition. No effect of likability was found when the confederate was tapping at 1.5 times of the participant’s preferred frequency. Our research suggests that the psychosocial property of the coordinating partner should be taken into consideration when investigating the performance of IMC and that IMC is a parameter that is sensitive to multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Benoît G Bardy
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Implicit and explicit Motivated Self-Perception as hypothesis-driven self-construal. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Multicollinearity is a red herring in the search for moderator variables: A guide to interpreting moderated multiple regression models and a critique of Iacobucci, Schneider, Popovich, and Bakamitsos (2016). Behav Res Methods 2017; 49:394-402. [PMID: 27531361 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multicollinearity is irrelevant to the search for moderator variables, contrary to the implications of Iacobucci, Schneider, Popovich, and Bakamitsos (Behavior Research Methods, 2016, this issue). Multicollinearity is like the red herring in a mystery novel that distracts the statistical detective from the pursuit of a true moderator relationship. We show multicollinearity is completely irrelevant for tests of moderator variables. Furthermore, readers of Iacobucci et al. might be confused by a number of their errors. We note those errors, but more positively, we describe a variety of methods researchers might use to test and interpret their moderated multiple regression models, including two-stage testing, mean-centering, spotlighting, orthogonalizing, and floodlighting without regard to putative issues of multicollinearity. We cite a number of recent studies in the psychological literature in which the researchers used these methods appropriately to test, to interpret, and to report their moderated multiple regression models. We conclude with a set of recommendations for the analysis and reporting of moderated multiple regression that should help researchers better understand their models and facilitate generalizations across studies.
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