1
|
Cergel E, Tuzuner BA, Turkyilmaz IB, Oktay S, Magaji UF, Sacan O, Yanardag R, Yarat A. Reversal of Valproate-Induced Major Salivary Gland Changes By Moringa Oleifera Extract in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301959. [PMID: 38469951 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential protective impacts of Moringa oleifera extract on major alteration in salivary glands of rats exposed to sodium valproate (VA). Groups were defined as control, control+moringa extract, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate+moringa extract. Antioxidant and oxidant status, activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes were examined. VA treatment led to various biochemical changes in the salivary glands, including decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (except for sublingual superoxide dismutase). Conversely, a decrease in alpha-amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protease, and maltase activities were observed. The study also demonstrated that VA induces oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, and nitric oxide levels in the salivary glands. Total oxidant capacity was raised in all glands except in the sublingual gland. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins were similar. Moringa oleifera extract exhibited protective properties, reversing these VA-induced biochemical changes due to its antioxidant and therapeutic attributes. This research suggests that moringa extract might serve as an alternative treatment approach for individuals using VA and experiencing salivary gland issues, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Cergel
- Biochemistry Master of Science Student, Health Sciences Institute, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Halic University, Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Burcin Alev Tuzuner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Life Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Centre, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dagsuyu E, Yanardag R. Purification and characterization of thioredoxin reductase enzyme from commercial Spirulina platensis tablets by affinity chromatography and investigation of the effects of some chemicals and drugs on enzyme activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:176-192. [PMID: 37864368 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR, enzyme code [E.C.] 1.6.4.5) is a widely distributed flavoenzyme that catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of thioredoxin and many other physiologically important substrates. Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that is often used as a dietary supplement. S. platensis is rich in protein, lipid, polysaccharide, pigment, carotenoid, enzyme, vitamins and many other chemicals and exhibits a variety of pharmacological functions. In the present study, a simple and efficient method to purify TrxR from S. platensis tablets is reported. The extractions were carried out using two different methods: heat denaturation and 2',5'-adenosine diphosphate Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified by 415.04-fold over the crude extract, with a 19% yield, and specific activity of 0.7640 U/mg protein. Optimum pH, temperature and ionic strength of the enzyme activity, as well as the Michaelis constant (Km ) and maximum velocity of enzyme (Vmax ) values for NADPH and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) were determined. Tested metal ions, vitamins, and drugs showed inhibition effects, except Se4+ ion, cefazolin sodium, teicoplanin, and tobramycin that increased the enzyme activity in vitro. Ag+ , Cu2+ , Mg2+ , Ni2+ , Pb2+ , Zn2+ , Al3+ , Cr3+ , Fe3+ , and V4+ ions; vitamin B3 , vitamin B6 , vitamin C, and vitamin U and aciclovir, azithromycin, benzyladenine, ceftriaxone sodium, clarithromycin, diclofenac, gibberellic acid, glurenorm, indole-3-butyric acid, ketorolac, metformin, mupirocin, mupirocin calcium, paracetamol, and tenofovir had inhibitory effects on TrxR. Ag+ exhibited stronger inhibition than 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (a positive control).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Dagsuyu
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Topaloglu D, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R. Gastroprotective effect of vitamin U in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23124. [PMID: 35670011 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Galactosamine (GalN) is a well-known agent for inducing viral hepatitis models in rodents, but it can cause toxicity on different organs. Vitamin U (Vit U) has been proved as a powerful antioxidant on many toxicity models. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Vit U on GalN-induced stomach injury. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: control (group I), Vit U given animals (50 mg/kg per day; group II), GalN administered animals (500 mg/kg at a single dose; group III), GalN + Vit U given animals (at the same dose and time, group IV). At the end of the 3rd day, animals were killed, and stomach tissues were taken. They were homogenized and centrifuged. In comparison to the control group, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and Na+ /K+ -ATPase activities of GalN group were found to be decreased. On the contrary, lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidized protein products, hexose-hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid, reactive oxygen species levels, as well as the activities of myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. Administration of Vit U reversed these abnormalities in the GalN group. It can be concluded that Vit U exerts its unique antioxidant effect and prevents GalN-induced gastric damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Celik E, Tunali S, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Bolkent S, Can A, Yanardag R. Vitamin U prevents valproic acid-induced liver injury through supporting enzymatic antioxidant system and increasing hepatocyte proliferation triggered by inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:600-608. [PMID: 34420476 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1943089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms that cause valproic acid (VPA)-induced liver damage and the therapeutic effect of Vitamin U (Vit U) on these mechanisms. Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: intact control animals, animals that received Vit U (50 mg/kg/day), animals given VPA (500 mg/kg/day), and animals given both VPA and Vit U. The rats in the Vit U + VPA group were administered Vit U by gavage an hour before VPA administration every day for 15 days. Liver tissues were evaluated through histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and Western blotting techniques. Administration of Vit U with VPA resulted in (i) prevention of histopathological changes caused by VPA; (ii) blockage of the decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; prevention of the elevation in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) level; (iii) increased in the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), active caspase-3, and cytoplasmic cytochrome c; (iv) increase in cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) level and decrease in LC3B (II/I) ratio; (v) increase in the number of proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive hepatocytes. These findings show that Vit U prevents liver damage caused by VPA through increasing the antioxidant enzyme capacity and hepatocyte proliferation by triggering inflammation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that Vit U provides its protective effects against VPA-induced liver damage by stimulating homeostasis and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Celik
- Biology Section, Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Division, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Can
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turkyilmaz IB, Altas N, Arisan I, Yanardag R. Effect of vitamin B 6 on brain damage in valproic acid induced toxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22855. [PMID: 34309959 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an efficient antiepileptic drug widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other seizures in both children and adults. It is also reported to have side and toxic effects on many organs and tissues. Vitamin B6 (Vit B6 ) is a well-described water-soluble vitamin, which has an antioxidant effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Vit B6 on VPA-induced brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I, control animals; Group II, Vit B6 (50 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group III, VPA (500 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group IV, VPA and Vit B6 given rats at same dose and time. VPA and Vit B6 were administered intraperitoneally and orally, respectively, for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, the rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were taken. Protein carbonyl and sialic acid levels, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, acetylcholine esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase activities, total oxidant status, and reactive oxygen species levels were found to be increased, while glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, paraoxonase, and glutathione reductase activities were found to be decreased in the VPA group. Administration of Vit B6 reversed these defects in the VPA group. These findings indicate that Vit B6 has a protective effect on VPA-induced brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Altas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Inci Arisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oztay F, Tunali S, Kayalar O, Yanardag R. The protective effect of vitamin U on valproic acid‐induced lung toxicity in rats via amelioration of oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22602. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Oztay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Istanbul University Vezneciler Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa Avcilar Turkey
| | - Ozgecan Kayalar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Istanbul University Vezneciler Istanbul Turkey
- Koc University School of Medicine Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) Istanbul Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa Avcilar Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turkyilmaz IB, Bilgin Sokmen B, Yanardag R. Alpha‐lipoic acid prevents brain injury in rats administered with valproic acid. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22580. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sokmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Giresun University Giresun Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelkader NF, Elyamany M, Gad AM, Assaf N, Fawzy HM, Elesawy WH. Ellagic acid attenuates liver toxicity induced by valproic acid in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
9
|
Abdelkader NF, Elyamany M, Gad AM, Assaf N, Fawzy HM, Elesawy WH. Ellagic acid attenuates liver toxicity induced by valproic acid in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:23-29. [PMID: 32139333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid is a commonly used drug for many psychiatric disorders, particularly for epilepsy. However, it has been reported that its use is associated with possible side effects including hepatotoxicity. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of ellagic acid against valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ellagic acid (60 mg/kg/day; p.o) was treated for one week, followed by concomitant injection of valproic acid (250 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for another 14 consecutive days to induce hepatocellular damage in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Valproic acid showed a marked increase in serum enzyme activities, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT. In addition, it significantly increased MDA and NO along with a marked decline in reduced GSH content. At the same time, valproic acid administration resulted in marked elevation in hydroxyproline, TNF-α production and NF-kB expression. These results were confirmed by histopathological examination. Treatment with ellagic acid markedly attenuated valproic acid-induced hepatic injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elyamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Assaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6 October, Egypt
| | - Hala M Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wesam H Elesawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6 October, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oktay S, Bayrak G, Alev B, Ipekci H, Ustundag UV, Turkyilmaz IB, Pisiriciler R, Emekli-Alturfan E, Tunali-Akbay T, Yanardag R, Yarat A. The effect of vitamin U on the lung tissue of pentyleneterazole-induced seizures in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:177-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Wu C, Hsieh T, Tseng W, Keng C, Lu C. A mass spectrometry-based strategy combined with bioinformatics: A simple preclinical model for profiling valproic-acid-induced major proteins and modifications in human liver cells. Process Biochem 2017; 58:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|