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Elemo GN, Erukainure OL, Okafor JNC, Banerjee P, Preissner R, Nwachukwu Nicholas-Okpara VA, Atolani O, Omowunmi O, Ezeanyanaso CS, Awosika A, Shode F. Underutilized legumes, Cajanus cajan and Glycine max may bring about antisickling effect in sickle cell disease by modulation of redox homeostasis in sickled erythrocytes and alteration of its functional chemistry. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14322. [PMID: 35894096 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antisickling and anti-oxidative effect of the Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, and their blends were investigated in sickled erythrocytes. The powdered samples were analyzed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents. Their aqueous extracts were analyzed for in vitro antioxidant activities. The extracts were incubated with sickled erythrocytes at 37°C for 6 hours and the antisickling effect examined via microscopic analysis. The blend was the most active and its incubated cells were subjected to anti-oxidative analysis which covers for GSH, SOD, catalase, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Chemical functional group of the treated cells was analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy. The in silico binding of the predominant amino acid to hemoglobin was also investigated. An increased concentration of leucine was observed in the blend compared to that of C. cajan and G. max, respectively. Vitamins C, B6, and B9 were the only vitamins observed in the blend. Phytate and oxalate were present in all samples. All extracts displayed significant (p < .05) scavenging activities. Treatment with the blend exacerbated SOD and catalase activities as well as the GSH level, while suppressing LPO. FTIR analysis of the treated cells showed the presence of hydrophobic functional groups. Leucine was the predominant amino acid, and it showed a potent molecular interaction with HIS-87 residue of the alpha chain of 1HCO. C. cajan and G. max blend inhibited sickling activities of sickle erythrocytes, while concomitantly exacerbating their endogenous antioxidant enzymes activity and modification of the functional chemistry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cajanus cajan and Glycine max are among the common underutilized legumes in Nigeria. Aside their nutritional properties, these legumes have been used from time immemorial for the treatment and management of various ailments. Sickle cell anemia is a class of hemoglobinopathy common in Sub-Saharan Africa. There have been concerns about its treatment owing to the increasing scourge of the disease coupled to the financial burden of its management. This study reports the ability of the potentials of the legumes to prevent sickling activities of sickled erythrocytes and the possible biochemical mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria N Elemo
- Nutraceutical Laboratories, Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jane N C Okafor
- Nutraceutical Laboratories, Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Olusola Omowunmi
- Laboratory Management & Services, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chika S Ezeanyanaso
- Polymer & Textile Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Francis Shode
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.,Sholab Nutraceuticals (Pty) Ltd, Westville North, South Africa
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Szewczyk-Golec K, Wesołowski R, Hołyńska-Iwan I. Letter to the editor on the article “Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria” by Muhammad A et al. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1244-1246. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria belongs to the most dangerous infectious diseases globally. Every effort to understand the mechanisms involved in Plasmodium spp. malaria infection and the antimalarial action cannot be overestimated. We have read with great interest the recently published article by Muhammad et al. entitled “Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria.” Several questions have arisen about the conducted study that we would like to comment on.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szewczyk-Golec
- Chair of Medical Biology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - R Wesołowski
- Chair of Medical Biology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - I Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Muhammad A, Arthur DE, Babangida S, Erukainure OL, Malami I, Sani H, Abdulhamid AW, Ajiboye IO, Saka AA, Hamza NM, Asema S, Ado ZM, Musa TI. Modulatory role of rutin on 2,5-hexanedione-induced chromosomal and DNA damage in rats: validation of computational predictions. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:113-126. [PMID: 29745774 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials of rutin on 2,5-hexanedione-induced toxicities. Two successive phases were involved using in silico and in vivo approaches. The in silico was adopted for potential oral toxicity and docking. The in vivo was carried-out in two stages for two weeks; the ameliorative (stage 1, first week), preventive, and curative studies (stage 2, extended to second week). In stage 1, rats were divided into four groups of seven each (distilled water, 3% (v/v) 2,5-hexanedione, 10 mg/kg rutin, and co-administration). In stage 2, the experimental groups were given either rutin or 2,5-hexanedione and treated in reverse order. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in tissues and bone marrow cells micronucleus were determined. The predicted Median lethal dose (LD50) of >5000 mg/kg and toxicity class of five (5) indicates the safety of rutin when orally administered. 2,5-Hexanedione comfortably docked in to the active sites of SOD (-22.857Kcal/mol; KI = 0.9621 µM), GPx (-11.2032Kcal/mol; KI = 0.9813 µM), and CAT (-16.446Kcal/mol; KI = 0.9726 µM) with strong hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. However, only strong hydrophobic interaction was observed in the case of DNA (-3.3296Kcal/mol; KI = 0.9944). In vivo findings revealed deleterious effects of 2,5-hexanedione through induction of oxidative and chromosomal/DNA damage characterized by higher level of malondialdehyde, micronuclei formations, and DNA fragmentation. These have invariably, validates the findings from in silico experiments. Furthermore, rutin was able to ameliorate, protect, and reverse these effects, and was relatively non-toxic corroborating toxicity predictions. Rutin exhibited counteractive effects on 2,5-hexanedione-induced oxidative, chromosomal, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Sanusi Babangida
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Sani
- Department of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ariyo Saka
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Suleiman Asema
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Muhammad A, Ibrahim MA, Mohammed HA, Erukainure OL, Malami I, Suleiman A, Mansir A, Godwin A, Khalil HA. Response to the letter to the editor on the article 'Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria' by Karolina et al. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1117-1119. [PMID: 29560745 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Muhammad
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M A Ibrahim
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H A Mohammed
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - O L Erukainure
- 2 Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria
| | - I Malami
- 3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - A Suleiman
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Mansir
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Godwin
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H A Khalil
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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