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Giordo R, Ahmadi FAM, Husaini NA, Al-Nuaimi NRA, Ahmad SM, Pintus G, Zayed H. microRNA 21 and long non-coding RNAs interplays underlie cancer pathophysiology: A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:831-852. [PMID: 38586315 PMCID: PMC10995982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse group of functional RNA molecules that lack the ability to code for proteins. Despite missing this traditional role, ncRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of various biological processes and have been implicated in the development and progression of many diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two prominent classes of ncRNAs that have emerged as key players in cancer pathophysiology. In particular, miR-21 has been reported to exhibit oncogenic roles in various forms of human cancer, including prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. In this context, miR-21 overexpression is closely associated with tumor proliferation, growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance, whereas miR-21 inactivation is linked to the regression of most tumor-related processes. Accordingly, miR-21 is a crucial modulator of various canonical oncogenic pathways such as PTEN/PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT, p53, MMP2, and MMP9. Moreover, interplays between lncRNA and miRNA further complicate the regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression. In this regard, several lncRNAs have been found to interact with miR-21 and, by functioning as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) or miRNA sponges, can modulate cancer tumorigenesis. This work presents and discusses recent findings highlighting the roles and pathophysiological implications of the miR-21-lncRNA regulatory axis in cancer occurrence, development, and progression. The data collected indicate that specific lncRNAs, such as MEG3, CASC2, and GAS5, are strongly associated with miR-21 in various types of cancer, including gastric, cervical, lung, and glioma. Indeed, these lncRNAs are well-known tumor suppressors and are commonly downregulated in different types of tumors. Conversely, by modulating various mechanisms and oncogenic signaling pathways, their overexpression has been linked with preventing tumor formation and development. This review highlights the significance of these regulatory pathways in cancer and their potential for use in cancer therapy as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Abdullah M. Ahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nedal Al Husaini
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora Rashid A.M. Al-Nuaimi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma M.S. Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Zhang Z, Ye B, Lin Y, Liu W, Deng J, Ji W. LncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression promoted GPX4-mediated ferroptosis to suppress radioresistance in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3217-3229. [PMID: 37184781 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is widely employed in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment but is often compromised by developed radioresistance. This study explored the mechanism of long non-coding RNA ovarian tumor domain containing 6B-antisense RNA1 (lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1) in CRC radioresistance through tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16). METHODS CRC and non-cancerous tissues were collected and radioresistant CRC cells were established, with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine gene expression in tissues and cells. Radioresistance was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay and immunofluorescence (γ-H2AX) and ferroptosis was tested by Western blot assay (ACSL4/GPX4) and assay kits (Fe2+/ROS/MDA/GSH). The association between ferroptosis and lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1-inhibited radioresistance was testified using ferroptosis inhibitor. The subcellular localization of lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 was tested by the nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assay, with RNA immunoprecipitation assay to validate gene interactions. Rescue experiments were conducted to analyze the role of TRIM16 in CRC radioresistance. RESULTS LncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 and TRIM16 were poorly expressed (P < 0.01) in CRC tissues and cells and further decreased (P < 0.01) in radioresistant CRC cells. OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression decreased cell survival (P < 0.01), increased γ-H2AX levels (P < 0.01), and elevated ferroptosis and oxidative stress (P < 0.01) after X-ray radiation. Ferroptosis inhibitor attenuated radioresistance (P < 0.01) caused by lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression. LncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 stabilized TRIM16 mRNA via binding to HuR. TRIM16 knockdown reduced ferroptosis and increased radioresistance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression stabilized TRIM16 via binding to HuR and increased GPX4-mediated ferroptosis, thus attenuating CRC radioresistance. Our study provided a new rationale for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Baolong Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiban Lin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jianzhong Deng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wu Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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Huo X, Song L, Wang K, Wang H, Li D, Li H, Wang W, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhao Z, Wang L, Wu Z. Prognostic factors and Doxorubicin involved in malignant progression of meningioma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5632. [PMID: 37024523 PMCID: PMC10079659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma was the most primary intracranial tumor, but the molecular characteristics and the treatment of malignant meningioma were still unclear. Nine malignant progression-related genes based prognostic signatures were identified by transcriptome analysis between benign meningioma and malignant meningioma. The external dataset GEO136661 and quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction were used to verify the prognostic factors. has-miR-3605-5p, hsa-miR-664b-5p, PNRC2, BTBD8, EXTL2, SLFN13, DGKD, NSD2, and BVES were closed with malignant progression. Moreover, Doxorubicin was identified by Connectivity Map website with the differential malignant progression-related genes. CCK-8 assay, Edu assay, wound healing assay, and trans-well experiment were used to reveal that Doxorubicin could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of IOMM-Lee Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lairong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Unraveling the function of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: Metastasis, therapy response, and revisiting molecular pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114395. [PMID: 36804124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a dangerous form of cancer that affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is a major global health concern, and the aggressive behavior of tumor cells makes it difficult to treat, leading to poor survival rates for patients. One major challenge in treating CRC is the metastasis, or spread, of the cancer, which is a major cause of death. In order to improve the prognosis for patients with CRC, it is necessary to focus on ways to inhibit the cancer's ability to invade and spread. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that is linked to the spread of cancer cells, also known as metastasis. The process transforms epithelial cells into mesenchymal ones, increasing their mobility and ability to invade other tissues. This has been shown to be a key mechanism in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a particularly aggressive form of gastrointestinal cancer. The activation of EMT leads to increases in the spread of CRC cells, and during this process, levels of the protein E-cadherin decrease while levels of N-cadherin and vimentin increase. EMT also contributes to the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in CRC. Non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a role in regulating EMT in CRC, often through their ability to "sponge" microRNAs. Anti-cancer agents have been shown to suppress EMT and reduce the progression and spread of CRC cells. These findings suggest that targeting EMT or related mechanisms may be a promising approach for treating CRC patients in the clinic.
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Hashemi M, Mirdamadi MSA, Talebi Y, Khaniabad N, Banaei G, Daneii P, Gholami S, Ghorbani A, Tavakolpournegari A, Farsani ZM, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Zandieh MA, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Khan H. Pre-clinical and clinical importance of miR-21 in human cancers: Tumorigenesis, therapy response, delivery approaches and targeting agents. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106568. [PMID: 36423787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has made significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and has broadened our knowledge towards their targeting, especially in cancer therapy. ncRNAs are a large family of RNAs with microRNAs (miRNAs) being one kind of endogenous RNA which lack encoded proteins. By now, miRNAs have been well-coined in pathogenesis and development of cancer. The current review focuses on the role of miR-21 in cancers and its association with tumor progression. miR-21 has both oncogenic and onco-suppressor functions and most of the experiments are in agreement with the tumor-promoting function of this miRNA. miR-21 primarily decreases PTEN expression to induce PI3K/Akt signaling in cancer progression. Overexpression of miR-21 inhibits apoptosis and is vital for inducing pro-survival autophagy. miR-21 is vital for metabolic reprogramming and can induce glycolysis to enhance tumor progression. miR-21 stimulates EMT mechanisms and increases expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 thereby elevating tumor metastasis. miR-21 is a target of anti-cancer agents such as curcumin and curcumol and its down-regulation impairs tumor progression. Upregulation of miR-21 results in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increasing evidence has revealed the role of miR-21 as a biomarker as it is present in both the serum and exosomes making them beneficial biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahare Sadat Ayat Mirdamadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasmin Talebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Khaniabad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gooya Banaei
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pouria Daneii
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Gholami
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ghorbani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoheir Mohammadian Farsani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Non-coding RNAs in EMT regulation: Association with tumor progression and therapy response. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi GJ, Zhou Q, Zhu Q, Wang L, Jiang GQ. A novel prognostic model associated with the overall survival in patients with breast cancer based on lipid metabolism-related long noncoding RNAs. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24384. [PMID: 35441740 PMCID: PMC9169174 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Our purpose was to establish a novel model based on lipid metabolism-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and evaluate the potential clinical value in predicting prognosis for patients suffering from breast cancer. METHODS RNA data and clinical information for breast cancer were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Lipid metabolism-related lncRNAs were identified via the criteria of correlation coefficient |R2 | > 0.4 and p < 0.001, and prognostic lncRNAs were identified to establish model through Cox regression analysis. The training set and validation set were established to certify the feasibility, and all samples were separated into high-risk group or low-risk group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted to evaluate the potential biological functions, and the immune infiltration levels were explored through Cibersortx database. RESULTS A total of 14 lncRNAs were identified as protective genes (AC022150.4, AC061992.1, AC090948.3, AC092794.1, AC107464.3, AL021707.8, AL451085.2, AL606834.2, FLJ42351, LINC00926, LINC01871, TNFRSF14-AS1, U73166.1 and USP30-AS1) with HRs < 1 while 10 lncRNAs (AC022150.2, AC090948.1, AC243960.1, AL021707.6, ITGB2-AS1, OTUD6B-AS1, SP2-AS1, TOLLIP-AS1, Z68871.1 and ZNF337-AS1) were associated with increased risk with HRs >1. A total of 24 prognostic lncRNAs were selected to construct the model. The patients in low-risk group were associated with better prognosis in both training set (p < 0.001) and validation set (p < 0.001). The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that risk score was an independent prognostic factors in both training set (p < 0.001) and validation set (p < 0.001). GO and GSEA analyses revealed that these lncRNAs were related to metabolism-related signal pathway and immune cells signal pathway. Risk score was negatively correlated with B cells (r = -0.097, p = 0.002), NK cells (r = -0.097, p = 0.002), Plasma cells (r = -0.111, p = 3.329e-04), T-cells CD4 (r = -0.064, p = 0.039) and T-cells CD8 (r = -0.322, p = 2.357e-26) and positively correlated with Dendritic cells (r = 0.077, p = 0.013) and Monocytes (r = 0.228, p = 1.107e-13). CONCLUSION The prognostic model based on lipid metabolism lncRNAs possessed an important value in survival prediction of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jian Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Javaid A, Zahra D, Rashid F, Mashraqi M, Alzamami A, Khurshid M, Ali Ashfaq U. Regulation of micro-RNA, epigenetic factor by natural products for the treatment of cancers: Mechanistic insight and translational Association. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103255. [PMID: 35495735 PMCID: PMC9052154 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From onset to progression, cancer is a ailment that might take years to grow. All common epithelial malignancies, have a long latency period, frequently 20 years or more, different gene may contain uncountable mutations if they are clinically detectable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are around 22nt non-coding RNAs that control gene expression sequence-specifically through translational inhibition or messenger degradation of RNA (mRNA). Epigenetic processes of miRNA control genetic variants through genomic DNA methylation, post-translation histone modification, rework of the chromatin, and microRNAs. The field of miRNAs has opened a new era in understanding small non-coding RNAs since discovering their fundamental mechanisms of action. MiRNAs have been found in viruses, plants, and animals through molecular cloning and bioinformatics approaches. Phytochemicals can invert the epigenetic aberrations, a leading cause of the cancers of various organs, and act as an inhibitor of these changes. The advantage of phytochemicals is that they only function on cells that cause cancer without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals appear to play a significant character in modulating miRNA expression, which is linked to variations in oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and cancer-derived protein production, according to several studies. In addition to standard anti-oxidant or anti-inflammatory properties, the initial epigenetic changes associated with cancer prevention may be modulated by many polyphenols. In correlation with miRNA and epigenetic factors to treat cancer some of the phytochemicals, including polyphenols, curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol are studied in this article.
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Jorgensen BG, Ro S. MicroRNAs and 'Sponging' Competitive Endogenous RNAs Dysregulated in Colorectal Cancer: Potential as Noninvasive Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042166. [PMID: 35216281 PMCID: PMC8876324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract in mammals is comprised of dozens of cell types with varied functions, structures, and histological locations that respond in a myriad of ways to epigenetic and genetic factors, environmental cues, diet, and microbiota. The homeostatic functioning of these cells contained within this complex organ system has been shown to be highly regulated by the effect of microRNAs (miRNA). Multiple efforts have uncovered that these miRNAs are often tightly influential in either the suppression or overexpression of inflammatory, apoptotic, and differentiation-related genes and proteins in a variety of cell types in colorectal cancer (CRC). The early detection of CRC and other GI cancers can be difficult, attributable to the invasive nature of prophylactic colonoscopies. Additionally, the levels of miRNAs associated with CRC in biofluids can be contradictory and, therefore, must be considered in the context of other inhibiting competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) such as lncRNAs and circRNAs. There is now a high demand for disease treatments and noninvasive screenings such as testing for bloodborne or fecal miRNAs and their inhibitors/targets. The breadth of this review encompasses current literature on well-established CRC-related miRNAs and the possibilities for their use as biomarkers in the diagnoses of this potentially fatal GI cancer.
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Gu P, Zhang L, Wang R, Ding W, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang W, Li Z, Yan B, Sun X. Development and Validation of a Novel Hypoxia-Related Long Noncoding RNA Model With Regard to Prognosis and Immune Features in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:796729. [PMID: 34977036 PMCID: PMC8716768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Female breast cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel hypoxia-related long noncoding RNA (HRL) prognostic model for predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The gene expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 200 hypoxia-related mRNAs were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database. The co-expression analysis between differentially expressed hypoxia-related mRNAs and lncRNAs based on Spearman's rank correlation was performed to screen out 166 HRLs. Based on univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis in the training set, we filtered out 12 optimal prognostic hypoxia-related lncRNAs (PHRLs) to develop a prognostic model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, area under the curve, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to test the predictive ability of the risk model in the training, testing, and total sets. Results: A 12-HRL prognostic model was developed to predict the survival outcome of patients with breast cancer. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly shorter median OS, DFS (disease-free survival), and predicted lower chemosensitivity (paclitaxel, docetaxel) compared with those in the low-risk group. Also, the risk score based on the expression of the 12 HRLs acted as an independent prognostic factor. The immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the immune scores of patients in the high-risk group were lower than those of the patients in the low-risk group. RT-qPCR assays were conducted to verify the expression of the 12 PHRLs in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Conclusion: Our study uncovered dozens of potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to the hypoxia signaling pathway in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Intervention Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Liu W, Feng S, Zhong B. The possible role of SRMS in colorectal cancer by bioinformatics analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:326. [PMID: 34781983 PMCID: PMC8594183 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites (SRMS) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been found to be overexpressed in various tumors. However, the role of SRMS in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been well established. METHODS We evaluated the expression levels of SRMS in CRC using GEPIA, Oncomine, and HPA datasets. Survival information and gene expression data of CRC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, the association between SRMS and clinicopathological features was analyzed using UALCAN dataset. LinkedOmics was used to determine co-expression and functional networks associated with SRMS. Besides, we used TISIDB to assess the correlation between SRMS and immune signatures, including tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immunomodulators. Lastly, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was established and the function enrichment analysis of the SRMS-associated immunomodulators and immune cell marker genes were performed using the STRING portal. RESULTS Compared to normal colorectal tissues, SRMS was found to be overexpressed in CRC tissues, which was correlated with a poor prognosis. In colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), the expression levels of SRMS are significantly correlated with pathological stages and nodal metastasis status. Functional network analysis suggested that SRMS regulates intermediate filament-based processes, protein autophosphorylation, translational initiation, and elongation signaling through pathways involving ribosomes, proteasomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA replication. In addition, SRMS expression was correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, CD56dim, MEM B, Neutrophils, Th2, Th17, and Act DC. The gene ontology (GO) analysis of SRMS-associated immunomodulators and immune cell marker genes showed that they were mainly enriched in the immune microenvironment molecule-related signals. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that they are involved in multiple cancer-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS SRMS is a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CRC patients. In particular, SRMS regulates CRC progression by modulating cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokines, IL-17, and intestinal immune networks for IgA production signaling pathways among others. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Sisi Feng
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
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12
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Rothzerg E, Ho XD, Xu J, Wood D, Märtson A, Kõks S. Upregulation of 15 Antisense Long Non-Coding RNAs in Osteosarcoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081132. [PMID: 34440306 PMCID: PMC8394133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes thousands of natural antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs); they play the essential role in regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, including replication, transcription and translation. Dysregulation of antisense lncRNAs plays indispensable roles in numerous biological progress, such as tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic agents. To date, there have been several studies analysing antisense lncRNAs expression profiles in cancer, but not enough to highlight the complexity of the disease. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of antisense lncRNAs from osteosarcoma and healthy bone samples (24 tumour-16 bone samples) using RNA sequencing. We identified 15 antisense lncRNAs (RUSC1-AS1, TBX2-AS1, PTOV1-AS1, UBE2D3-AS1, ERCC8-AS1, ZMIZ1-AS1, RNF144A-AS1, RDH10-AS1, TRG-AS1, GSN-AS1, HMGA2-AS1, ZNF528-AS1, OTUD6B-AS1, COX10-AS1 and SLC16A1-AS1) that were upregulated in tumour samples compared to bone sample controls. Further, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expressions of the antisense lncRNAs in 8 different osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS-2, G-292, HOS, U2-OS, 143B, SJSA-1, MG-63, and MNNG/HOS) compared to hFOB (human osteoblast cell line). These differentially expressed IncRNAs can be considered biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xuan Dung Ho
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam;
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-8-6457-0313
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13
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Chen L, He M, Zhang M, Sun Q, Zeng S, Zhao H, Yang H, Liu M, Ren S, Meng X, Xu H. The Role of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer, with a focus on its autophagy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107868. [PMID: 33901505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of malignant afflictions burdening people worldwide, mainly caused by shortages of effective medical intervention and poorly mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a type of heterogeneous transcripts without the capability of coding protein, but have the potency of regulating protein-coding gene expression. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in which cytoplasmic contents are delivered to cellular lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the turnover of cellular components and producing energy for cell functions. A growing body of evidence reveals that ncRNAs, autophagy, and the crosstalks of ncRNAs and autophagy play intricate roles in the initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance of CRC, which confer ncRNAs and autophagy to serve as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC. In this review, we sought to delineate the complicated roles of ncRNAs, mainly including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, in the pathogenesis of CRC, particularly focus on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in CRC-related autophagy, attempting to shed light on the complex pathological mechanisms, involving ncRNAs and autophagy, responsible for CRC tumorigenesis and development, so as to underpin the ncRNAs- and autophagy-based therapeutic strategies for CRC in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Man He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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