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Zhang M, Shi J, Pan H, Zhu J, Wang X, Song L, Deng H. A novel tiRNA-Glu-CTC induces nanoplastics accelerated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and vascular injury through mitochondrial damage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169515. [PMID: 38154651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics pose several health hazards, especially vascular toxicity. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs associated with different pathological processes. However, their biological roles and mechanisms in aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity and vascular injury are unclear. This study investigated the potent effects of tsRNAs on vascular injury induced by short- and long-term exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs). Mice were exposed to PS-NPs (100 nm) at different doses (10-100 μg/mL) for 30 or 180 days. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze tsRNA expression patterns in arterial tissues obtained from an in vivo model. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent in situ hybridization assays, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure the expression and impact of tiRNA-Glu-CTC on VSMCs exposed to PS-NPs. Short-term (≥50 μg/mL, moderate concentration) and long-term (≥10 μg/mL, low concentration) PS-NP exposure induced vascular injury in vivo. Cellular experiments showed that the moderate concentration of PS-NPs induced VSMC phenotypic switching, whereas a high concentration of PS-NPs (100 μg/mL) promoted VSMC apoptosis. PS-NP induced severe mitochondrial damage in VSMCs, including overexpression of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of mutated mtDNA, and dysregulation of genes related to mitochondrial synthesis and division. Compared with the control group, 13 upregulated and 12 downregulated tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) were observed in the long-term PS-NP (50 μg/mL) exposure group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that differentially expressed tiRNAs targeted genes that were involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction and calcium signaling pathways. Interestingly, tiRNA-Glu-CTC was overexpressed in vivo and in vitro following PS-NP exposure. Functionally, the tiRNA-Glu-CTC inhibitor mitigated VSMC phenotypic switching and mitochondrial damage induced by PS-NP exposure, whereas tiRNA-Glu-CTC mimics had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, tiRNA-Glu-CTC mimics induced VSMC phenotypic switching by downregulating Cacna1f expression. PS-NP exposure promoted VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular injury by targeting the tiRNA-Glu-CTC/Cacna1f axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichao Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336 Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Li Z, Ren Y, Lei Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Peng H, Yang W, Guo T, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease: Novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00357-0. [PMID: 38008175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) represent a recently discovered family of peptides encoded by short open reading frames (ORFs) found within mitochondrial genes. This group includes notable members including humanin (HN), mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rDNA type-c (MOTS-c), and small humanin-like peptides 1-6 (SHLP1-6). MDPs assume pivotal roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, encompassing apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are all essential for sustaining cellular viability and normal physiological functions. Their emerging significance extends beyond this, prompting a deeper exploration into their multifaceted roles and potential applications. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively explore the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. It seeks to elucidate the central roles and underlying mechanisms by which MDPs participate in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), bridging the connections between cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in CVD diagnosis and treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MDPs levels are diminished with aging and in the presence of CVDs, rendering them potential new indicators for the diagnosis of CVDs. Also, MDPs may represent a novel and promising strategy for CVD therapy. In this review, we delve into the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. We aim to shed light on the pivotal roles and the underlying mechanisms through which MDPs contribute to the onset and advancement of CVDs connecting cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We also provide insights into the current advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in the treatment of CVDs. This review may provide valuable information with MDPs for CVD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lei
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Silong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Han Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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