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Shih S, Chan A, Yeung E, Tsang A, Chiu R, Chu M, Poon M. Psychometric properties and correlates of Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-10) in people with common mental disorders with different employment Statuses. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2022; 34:103-112. [PMID: 34987348 PMCID: PMC8721583 DOI: 10.1177/15691861211032318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Several studies have indicated that stress is associated with common mental disorders, and work stress trebles the risk of developing them. However, a validated assessment tool for measuring and establishing psychological stress correlates in this group of clients remains unavailable. The objectives of the present study were to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (CPSS-10) on people with common mental disorders with different employment statuses and explore its correlates. Methods Two hundred and fifty-two participants with common mental disorders were recruited. The data were analysed through exploratory factor and confirmatory analyses to investigate construct validity. The convergent and discriminant validities were examined based on their correlation with other measures, while the internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's α coefficient. A t-test was used to detect differences between groups. The CPSS-10 correlates were explored using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded two factors, which accounted for 63.82% of the total variance, while confirmatory factor analysis confirmed its factor structure. The CPSS-10 had a positively moderate to strong correlation with other measures, thereby indicating its acceptable convergent and discriminant validities. The internal consistency ranged from acceptable to good for the two subscales and ten overall items, while the item-total correlation was adequate except for the seventh item. There were no group differences in gender nor employment status. Finally, the CPSS-10 predictors were studied. Conclusion The CPSS-10 is a reliable and valid instrument for people with common mental disorders with different employment statuses.
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Kotas R, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A. The Level of Stress and Coping Strategies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Relationships with the Disease Course. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173916. [PMID: 34501362 PMCID: PMC8432053 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stress is supposed to be linked with a background of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the disease course. Design: The study aimed to assess the level of stress and coping strategies in MS patients within a year of follow-up and to investigate the relationships between these aspects and factors related—or not—to MS. Methods: In 65 patients with MS, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Type D Scale (DS14) and Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) were performed at baseline and after a year. Baseline PSS-10, DS-14 and COPE scores were analyzed with regard to demographics, MS duration, treatment, indices of disability and self-reported stressful events (SEs). Final PSS-10 and COPE results were analyzed with reference to MS activity and SE within a year of follow-up. Results: Initially, 67% of patients reported a moderate or high level of stress and 31% met Type-D personality criteria. Diverse coping strategies were preferred, most of which were problem-focused. The negative affectivity DS-14 subscore (NEG) was correlated with disability level. Non-health-related SEs were associated with higher PSS-10 and NEG scores. After a year, the mean PSS-10 score decreased, while COPE results did not change significantly. Non-health-related SEs were associated with a higher PSS-10 score and less frequent use of acceptance and humor strategies. Those with an active vs. stable MS course during the follow-up did not differ in terms of PSS-10 and COPE results. Conclusions: MS patients experienced an increased level of stress. No significant relationships were found between stress or coping and MS course within a year. Non-health-related factors affected measures of stress more than MS-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotas
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Specialist Hospital, ul. Iwaszkiewicza 5, 59-220 Legnica, Poland;
| | - Marta Nowakowska-Kotas
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (S.B.); (A.P.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717343100; Fax: +48-717343109
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (S.B.); (A.P.-D.)
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (S.B.); (A.P.-D.)
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Eubank JM, Burt KG, Orazem J. Examining the psychometric properties of a refined perceived stress scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Prev Interv Community 2021; 49:179-192. [PMID: 33855930 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2021.1908873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) measures general life stress and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) measures retrospective stress from a specific event; both have been validated across various audiences and settings. However, neither measure stress during an evolving public health crisis. The aim was to refine the PSS to measure stress during an event (e.g. COVID-19 pandemic) and examine its psychometric properties within a 4-year Hispanic-Serving Institution in the Bronx, NY. Three items from the IES were added to and one PSS item was removed from the PSS-10, creating a new PSS-12. Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.902 for faculty and 0.903 for students, indicating high internal consistency. Factor analyses also supported calculation of two subtotals similarly across groups. The PSS-12 is a valid instrument to measure perceived stress during a public health crisis, particularly among populations that already experience community health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Eubank
- Recreation Education and Therapy Program at Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate G Burt
- Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Program at Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Orazem
- Department of Health Sciences at Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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The Arabic Version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale: Factorial Validity and Measurement Invariance. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040419. [PMID: 33810322 PMCID: PMC8066085 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
University students experience high levels of stress due to university transition, academic commitments, and financial matters. Higher stress perceptions along with limited coping resources endanger mental health for a considerable number of students and may ruin their performance. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (10 items), PSS-10, in a sample of 379 female Emeriti students. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in two factors with eigenvalues of 3.88 and 1.19, which explained 60.6% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good model fits of two correlated factors (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.962, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.950, standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) = 0.0479, and root mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067). Internal consistency of the PSS-10 and its positive and negative subscales was acceptable (coefficient α = 0.67, 0.79, and 0.86, respectively). Multigroup analysis revealed that the PSS-10 holds invariance across different groups of age, marital status, and financial status (average monthly expenditure). Convergent and concurrent validity tests signify the importance of considering scores of subscales of the PSS-10 along with its total score.
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Polinski KJ, Bemis EA, Feser M, Seifert J, Demoruelle MK, Striebich CC, Brake S, O'Dell JR, Mikuls TR, Weisman MH, Gregersen PK, Keating RM, Buckner J, Nicassio P, Holers VM, Deane KD, Norris JM. Perceived Stress and Inflammatory Arthritis: A Prospective Investigation in the Studies of the Etiologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:1766-1771. [PMID: 31600025 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association of perceived stress with incident inflammatory arthritis (IA) defined as having at least 1 joint consistent with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like synovitis based on examination. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Studies of the Etiologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort. Participants without IA were recruited if they were a first-degree relative of an RA proband or screened positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibody. Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14), in which scores can range from 0 to 56, and a higher score indicates greater perceived stress. The total PSS-14 score, as well as 2 subscores indicative of perceived distress and self-efficacy, were averaged across all study visits until development of IA or the last follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of IA associated with average PSS-14 scores were obtained using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The mean total PSS-14 score was 20.4. We found that a 1-point increase in the perceived distress score was significantly associated with a 10-percent increase in the risk of IA (adjusted HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.02-1.19]). Total PSS-14 and self-efficacy were not associated with IA risk (adjusted HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.99-1.10] and 1.04 [95% CI 0.91-1.18], respectively). CONCLUSION An association between perceived distress and incident IA was observed in this at-risk cohort. Replication of this finding in other preclinical and at-risk RA populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Feser
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
| | | | - Jane Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
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Gavilán-Carrera B, Vargas-Hitos JA, Morillas-de-Laguno P, Rosales-Castillo A, Sola-Rodríguez S, Callejas-Rubio JL, Sabio JM, Soriano-Maldonado A. Effects of 12-week aerobic exercise on patient-reported outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:1863-1871. [PMID: 32878503 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1808904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and whether changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mediate the changes in PROs. METHODS A total of 58 women with SLE were assigned to either an exercise group (EG; n = 26) or a control group (CG; n = 32) in this non-randomized clinical trial. The EG comprised 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (2 sessions/week) between 40%-75% of the individual's heart rate reserve. At baseline, and at week 12, CRF (Bruce test) and PROs were assessed including psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (36-item Short-Form Health Survey). RESULTS In comparison to the CG, the EG showed a significant reduction in general fatigue (mean difference (MD) -2.86 units; 95%CI -5.70 to -0.01; p = 0.049), physical fatigue (MD -4.33 units; 95%CI -7.02 to -1.65; p = 0.002) and a non-significant reduction of reduced motivation (MD - 1.29 units; 95%CI -2.60 to 0.03; p = 0.055). There were no significant between-group differences in the changes in psychological stress, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life, or other fatigue dimensions (all p > 0.05). Changes in CRF mediated the effects of the exercise intervention on general fatigue by 53.8%. CONCLUSION The results suggest that 12 weeks of progressive aerobic exercise might improve relevant dimensions of fatigue in women with SLE, despite the absence of effects on other PROs. Improvements in CRF seem to mediate the effect of exercise on general fatigue.Implications for rehabilitationAerobic exercise could be safely introduced in rehabilitation programs for inactive patients with SLE with mild disease activity.Including physical activity recommendations as part of rehabilitation could improve relevant aspects of fatigue in women with SLE.When rehabilitation aims at reducing fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness improvements derived from physical activity might enhance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gavilán-Carrera
- PA-HELP "Physical Activity for Health Promotion" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio Vargas-Hitos
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Morillas-de-Laguno
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Sola-Rodríguez
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - José Luis Callejas-Rubio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "San Cecilio" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Mario Sabio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Ilchmann-Diounou H, Menard S. Psychological Stress, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunctions, and Autoimmune Disorders: An Overview. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1823. [PMID: 32983091 PMCID: PMC7477358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are multifactorial diseases involving, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors characterized by an inappropriate immune response toward self-antigens. In the past decades, there has been a continuous rise in the incidence of ADs, which cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Influence of psychological stress on the development or the course of autoimmune disorders has been discussed for a long time. Indeed, based on epidemiological studies, stress has been suggested to precede AD occurrence and to exacerbate symptoms. Furthermore, compiling data showed that most of ADs are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, that is, microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal hyperpermeability, and intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, social stress (acute or chronic, in adult or in neonate) is a well-described intestinal disrupting factor. Taken together, those observations question a potential role of stress-induced defect of the intestinal barrier in the onset and/or the course of ADs. In this review, we aim to present evidences supporting the hypothesis for a role of stress-induced intestinal barrier disruption in the onset and/or the course of ADs. We will mainly focus on autoimmune type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, ADs for which we could find sufficient circumstantial data to support this hypothesis. We excluded gastrointestinal (GI) ADs like coeliac disease to privilege ADs not focused on intestinal disorders to avoid confounding factors. Indeed, GIADs are characterized by antibodies directed against intestinal barrier actors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/microbiology
- Autoimmunity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Dysbiosis
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/microbiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/microbiology
- Permeability
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Menard
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Anwer S, Manzar MD, Alghadir AH, Salahuddin M, Abdul Hameed U. Psychometric Analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale Among Healthy University Students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2389-2396. [PMID: 33116538 PMCID: PMC7585521 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s268582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gradual increase in the prevalence of stress during professional courses. Previous studies reported a high incidence of stress among university students. The psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) have been established in different populations. The current study aimed to assess psychometric properties of the PSS-10 in Saudi university students. METHODS Healthy university students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were explained about the aim and procedures of the study. Participants were requested to complete the English version of the PSS, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), the sleep hygiene index (SHI), and demographic details. RESULTS The range of the PSS-10 total score was 0-35; 1% reported minimum score of 0, but none reported maximum score of 40. Therefore, there was no issue of ceiling or floor effect in the PSS-10 total score. Positive and significant correlations of the PSS total and the PSS Factor-1 (distress perception) with the GAD-7 total score, SHI item-8 and SHI item-13 score support its convergent validity. Negative or no correlation of the PSS Factor-2 score (coping perception) with the GAD-7 total score, SHI item-8 and SHI item-13 scores demonstrate its divergent validity. The internal homogeneity test indicated moderate to strong positive correlations (r=0.60-0.82) between the PSS Factors and the items loading on them. The internal consistency test showed a good agreement for the PSS Factor-1 and the PSS Factor-2 scores (Cronbach's alpha 0.78 and 0.71, respectively), suggesting an acceptable level of consistency. Factor analysis favored a 2-Factor model of the PSS in the Saudi students. CONCLUSION The current study supported the use of the PSS-10 to assess the perceived stress among Saudi university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Unaise Abdul Hameed
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Santiago PHR, Roberts R, Smithers LG, Jamieson L. Stress beyond coping? A Rasch analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) in an Aboriginal population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216333. [PMID: 31050685 PMCID: PMC6499425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of colonization contributed to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders becoming one of the most disadvantaged groups in Australia. The multiple social inequalities, and therefore the constant insecurities for many about low income, poor living conditions, unemployment, and discrimination, generate chronic stress in this population. In the Baby Teeth Talk Study, an oral-health randomized controlled trial, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was administered to 367 pregnant Aboriginal women at baseline. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the PSS-14 in an Aboriginal population. The study analysed: (a) model fit; (b) dimensionality; (c) local dependence; (d) differential item functioning; (e) threshold ordering and item fit; (f) targeting; (g) reliability; and (h) criterion validity. The dimensionality analysis indicated a two-factor structure, with negatively and positively worded items clustering together and 21.7% (95% Agresti-Coull C.I. [17.8%, 26.2%]) statistically significant t-tests between the persons’ estimates. After the creation of composite items, the revised Perceived Distress (χ2 (21) = 11.74, p = 0.946) and Perceived Coping (χ2 (28) = 17.63, p = 0.935) subscales fitted the Rasch model. Reliability was modest (PersonSeparationIndexdistress = 0.72; PersonSeparationIndexcoping = 0.76). The latent correlation between the Perceived Distress and Perceived Coping subscales was r = 0.14. It is hypothesized that the social inequalities experienced by the Aboriginal population are so pronounced that even Aboriginal pregnant women that perceived themselves as coping well with life challenges ended up endorsing items regarding high levels of stress. The present research showed that a revised PSS-14 is a culturally valid and modestly reliable psychological instrument to measure stress in a population of pregnant Aboriginal women in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Gaye Smithers
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in Ethiopian university students. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30626438 PMCID: PMC6325789 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is a common psychological condition usually associated with many psycho-physical disorders. Stress and its risk factors are frequently seen in Ethiopians including university students. In such circumstances, a valid measure to screen for stress in Ethiopians is necessary. Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in Ethiopian university students. Methods A cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was performed on students of Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia. The study presents a psychometric investigation on a sample of 387 students (age = 21.8 ± 3.8 years, and body mass index = 20.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2) who completed PSS, Generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and a socio-demographics tool. McDonald’s Omega (internal consistency), factor validity for ordinal data and convergent validity (Spearman’s correlation) were assessed. Results No ceiling/floor effect was seen for the total or factor scores of the PSS-10 and PSS-4. Two factor model of the PSS-10 was favored by fit indices with Comparative Fit Index> 0.95, Weighted root mean square residual<.05 and root mean square error of approximation<.08. McDonald’s Omega was 0.78 and 0.68 for the PSS-10: Factor-1 and PSS-10: Factor-2, respectively. McDonald’s Omega was 0.70 and 0.54 for the PSS-4: Factor-1 and PSS-4: Factor-2, respectively. There were moderate-strong correlations (r = 0.62–0.83) between PSS factors and respective items loading on them. PSS scores were correlated with GAD-7 (r = .27–.40, p < .01). Conclusion The psychometric measures support the validity of the PSS-10 in Ethiopian university students. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6310-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Alharbi H, Alshehry A. Perceived stress and coping strategies among ICU nurses in government tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Ann Saudi Med 2019; 39:48-55. [PMID: 30712051 PMCID: PMC6464677 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has examined the stress level and coping strategies among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES Examine perceived stress and coping behaviors among nurses in intensive care units in Saudi Arabia, and the influence of cop.ing mechanisms on stress. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional. SETTING Two tertiary training hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nurses from cardiac, surgery and pediatric intensive care units responded to an online survey. Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Brief COPE Inventory were used as primary research tools. Multivariate methods were used to analyze the data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Stress levels, coping strategies, and associated factors. SAMPLE SIZE 154 nurses. RESULTS The majority of the respondents reported a moderate level of stress in the past month (87.0%). Mean (SD) scores for nurses working in the cardiac ICU indicated significantly higher levels of stress compared to surgical ICU (18.18 [3.88] vs 6.17 [3.21], P=.025). Belief in religion was the most common coping behavior while the use of substances was the lowest (mean scores [SD] 6.70 [ 1.72] vs 2.22 [0.81]). In the multivariate analysis, behavioral disengagement (P=.016) and self-blame (P less than .001) intensified the PSS-10 score, whereas acceptance (P=.048) reduced the PSS-10 score. CONCLUSION The additional knowledge that behavioral disengagement and blaming aggravate stress can serve as the basis in formulating work-related stress reduction strategies among nurses caring for critical patients. LIMITATIONS The use of self-reports, convenience sampling, and selected demographic factors may have limited the scope and generalizability of the findings and induced social desirability bias. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homood Alharbi
- Dr. Homood Alharbi, Nursing College,, King Saud University,, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, T: +966118063920, , ORCID: http:// orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-513X
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12
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Sun Y, Gao L, Kan Y, Shi BX. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) is reliable and has construct validity in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 28:149-155. [PMID: 30518288 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318815595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease that causes significant stress on patients. There is no specific instrument for assessing stress in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Validity evaluation included structural and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Structural validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the total score of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Discriminant validity was determined by the statistically significant differences in perceived stress scores among patients with different education levels and disease activity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability was measured at 1-week intervals. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two dimensions that explained 66.45% of the variation. Moderate-to-strong correlations were also found between the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.954) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.810) were demonstrated. In conclusion, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale can be used to measure stress among Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients and serve as a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Nursing, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Kan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - B-X Shi
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
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The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in women experiencing infertility: A reliability and validity study. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Sharif K, Watad A, Coplan L, Lichtbroun B, Krosser A, Lichtbroun M, Bragazzi NL, Amital H, Afek A, Shoenfeld Y. The role of stress in the mosaic of autoimmunity: An overlooked association. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:967-983. [PMID: 30118900 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress is defined as the pscyophysiological reaction in which the steady state is disturbed or threatened. Stress is not always perceived as a negative response. Stress results when environmental demands exceed an individuals' adaptive capacities. Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous group of chronic diseases which occur secondary to loss of self antigen tolerance. The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disease is uncertain. Genetic factors as well as environmental factors appear to interplay, leading to a cascade of events resulting in disease onset. Stress has been postulated to play a role in disease onset in the genetically susceptible patients. During the stress response, catecholamines and glucocorticoids are released from locus coeruleus and adrenal gland. These biomolecules exert control over various immune cells in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, thereby altering the cytokine profile released. The increase of IL-4 promotes T-helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, while the decrease in IL-12 and the increased IL-10 production reduce the number of T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. The relationship between stress and autoimmune diseases is intricate. Stress has been shown to be associated with disease onset, and disease exacerbations in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, Graves' disease as well as other autoimmune conditions. In certain conditions such as psoriasis, stress has been implicated in delaying lesion clearance upon the application of standard treatment regimes. Finally, psychological therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy aimed to reduce stress levels was shown to be effective in influencing better outcomes in many autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this paper is to closer inspect the clinical evidence regarding the role of stress on influencing the various aspects of disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Sharif
- Department of Medicine 'B', Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Louis Coplan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alec Krosser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Head of The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg State University, Israel; Head of The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia.
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