First Report of Caseous Lymphadenitis by Corynebacterium pseudotubercolosis and Pulmonary Verminosis in a Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) in Italy

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic debilitating disease typical of small ruminants, but it is also noted in several other domestic and wild species. In this report, we present the first documented case in Italy of pseudotuberculosis in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, Linnaeus 1758) found dead in the mountains of Forlì-Cesena province, Emilia Romagna region. The carcass underwent necropsy according to standard protocols, revealing generalized lymphadenopathy and severe apostematous pneumonia with multifocal and encapsulated abscesses. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the lung parenchyma, lymph nodes and abscesses. Additionally, severe parasitic bronchopneumonia of the caudal lobes and gastrointestinal strongyle infestation were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of CLA referable to C. pseudotubercolosis in a roe deer in Italy.

Efficacy of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Combined with Amoxicillin Potassium Clavulanate Combination on Children with Bronchopneumonia and Its Impact on the Level of Inflammatory Factors

Objective. The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with amoxicillin potassium clavulanate combination on children with bronchopneumonia and its influence on the level of inflammatory factors. Methods. From January 2018 to June 2019, 100 children with bronchopneumonia admitted to the Pediatric Department of Nanjing Pukou District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled as the study subjects. The children were assigned either to an observation group or a control group in a ratio of 1:1 using the random alphabet method. The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride plus amoxicillin potassium clavulanate combination, and the control group was treated with amoxicillin potassium clavulanate combination. The therapeutic efficiency and serum white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were compared between the two groups. Results. Regarding the effective rate of treatment, the observation group (94%) was observed to be notably higher as compared to the control group (84%). The levels of WBC, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were reported to be significantly lower in the two groups after treatment. The WBC, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The time for clinical symptoms to disappear of fever, cough, asthma, and pulmonary rales was all shorter in the observation group. Conclusion. The findings of the present study demonstrate that ambroxol hydrochloride combined with amoxicillin potassium clavulanate combination might be a reliable approach for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in children. It can synergistically relieve inflammation with high safety profiles.

Mannheimia bovis sp. nov., Isolated from a Dead Cow with Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

Strain ZY190616^T was isolated from lung of a dead cow with hemorrhagic pneumonia in Yunnan Province, China. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was closely related to species of the genus Mannheimia and formed an independent clade with M.varigena CCUG 38462 ^T (97.0% similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on recN gene indicated that the strain formed a clade with M.caviae CCUG 59995 ^T (87.8% similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on rpoB gene indicated that the strain formed a clade with M.varigena CCUG 38462 ^T (94.7% similarity). The genomic OrthoANI values between strain ZY190616^T and M. ovis, M.haemolytica and M.granulomatis were 84.5%, 82.7% and 81.9%, respectively. The genomic G + C content was 39.8 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (> 5%) of the strain were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/ or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 2 (C14:0 3OH/ C16:1 Iso). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), monophosphatidylglycerol (MGDG), triacylglycerol (TAG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DLCL). The sole respiratory quinone was CoQ-7. Based on evidence from the taxonomic study, strain ZY190616^T represents a novel species of the genus Mannheimia, for which the name Mannheimia bovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY190616^T (= CCTCC AB 2020168 ^T = KCTC 25018 ^T).

Mannheimia ovis sp. nov., Isolated from Dead Sheep with Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, designated ZY170218^T and ZY180512, were isolated from lungs of dead sheep with hemorrhagic pneumonia in Yunnan Province, China and their taxonomic positions were studied by a polyphasic approach. The two isolates grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 9.0 and 1.0% NaCl (w/v), and showed identical 16S rRNA, recN and rpoB gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the two strains fell within the cluster of species in the genus Mannheimia and formed a separated lineage with comparatively low similarity to the closest related species M. granulomatis (96.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on rpoB gene indicated that the strains formed a monophyletic evolutionary lineage, with low sequence similarity ≤ 89.0% to the species of the genus Mannheimia. The genomic OrthoANI values between strain ZY170218^T and M. granulomatis and M. haemolytica were 80.4% and 83.1%, respectively. The genomic G + C content of strain ZY170218^T was 39.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (> 5%) of the two strains were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/ or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 2 (C_14:0 3OH/ C_16:1 Iso). The major polar lipids of strain ZY170218^T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and diacylglycerols. The sole respiratory quinone of the two strains was CoQ-7. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain ZY170218^T and ZY180512 clearly represents a novel species of the genus Mannheimia, for which the name Mannheimia ovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY170218^T (= CGMCC 1.13620 ^T = KCTC 15731 ^T).