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Korkulu E, Şenlik Eİ, Adıgüzel E, Artut FG, Çetinaslan HD, Erdem-Şahinkesen E, Oğuzoğlu TÇ. Status Quo of Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection in Turkish Cats and Their Antigenic Prevalence. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:385. [PMID: 38338028 PMCID: PMC10854556 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a member of the Gammaretrovirus genus, which has two genotypes in cats: endogenous (replication-defective provirus) and exogenous (replication-competent). In this study, 550 cats were examined, and 112 of them (20.36%) were found to have the endogenous FeLV (enFeLV) genotype. EnFeLV-positive animals were also tested for additional viral infections, and 48 cats (42.85%) were discovered to be co-infected with other viruses. According to co-infection data, these cats were infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) (27/112, 24.1%), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (14/112, 12.5%), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (0/112, 0%), and domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) (13/112, 11.6%). Their age, sex, breed, clinical state, lifestyle (in/outdoor), and immunization data against FeLV were also evaluated. In line with our results, the prevalence of enFeLV and co-infection with other pathogens in cats admitted to the clinic for various reasons were discussed. The majority of positive animals in terms of FeLV (94/112, 83.93%) had clinical findings. We emphasized that the FeLV-positive situation of cats should be taken into consideration by veterinarians when planning treatment and vaccination programs. Additionally, in this study, we questioned the group in which our enFeLVs were phylogenetically located. Therefore, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on a comparison with global FeLV sequences obtained from the GenBank database. The sequenced positive samples were in the AGTT subgroup within Group-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Korkulu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye; (E.K.); (E.İ.Ş.); (H.D.Ç.)
| | - Elif İrem Şenlik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye; (E.K.); (E.İ.Ş.); (H.D.Ç.)
| | - Ece Adıgüzel
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Atkaracalar District Directorate, Çankırı 18310, Türkiye;
| | | | | | - Eda Erdem-Şahinkesen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye; (E.K.); (E.İ.Ş.); (H.D.Ç.)
| | - Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye
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Carossino M, Del Piero F, Lee J, Needle DB, Levine JM, Riis RR, Maes R, Wise AG, Mullaney K, Ferracone J, Langohr IM. Relationship between Uveal Inflammation and Viral Detection in 30 Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080883. [PMID: 36015004 PMCID: PMC9415852 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus is the most common infectious cause of uveitis in cats. Confirmatory diagnosis is usually only reached at postmortem examination. The relationship between the histologic inflammatory pattern, which depends on the stage of the disease, and the likelihood of detection of the viral antigen and/or RNA has not been investigated. We hypothesized that viral detection rate by either immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization or RT-qPCR is dependent upon the predominant type of uveal inflammatory response (i.e., pyogranulomatous vs. plasmacytic). Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate cases of FIP-induced uveitis, localize the viral antigen and RNA, and assess the relationship between the inflammatory pattern (macrophage- vs. plasma cell-rich) and the likelihood of detecting the FIP antigen and/or RNA. We evaluated 30 cats with FIP-induced uveitis. The viral antigen and/or RNA were detected within uveal macrophages in 11/30 cases, of which 8 tested positive by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis determined a weak to moderate but significant negative correlation between the degree of plasmacytic uveal inflammation and the likelihood of detecting the FIP antigen and RNA. This study suggests that predominance of plasmacytic inflammation in cases of FIP uveitis reduces the odds of a confirmatory diagnosis through the viral detection methods available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.M.L.); Tel.: +1-(225)-578-9604 (M.C.); +1-(508)-270-2521 (I.M.L.)
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jeongha Lee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David B. Needle
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Ronald R. Riis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Roger Maes
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Annabel G. Wise
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Keenan Mullaney
- Washtenaw Technical Middle College, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ferracone
- PennVet New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (I.M.L.); Tel.: +1-(225)-578-9604 (M.C.); +1-(508)-270-2521 (I.M.L.)
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Ishikawa K, Nagashima T, Machida Y, Yasuda A, Yoshida K, Fujita M, Ochiai K, Azakami D, Michishita M. Primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with feline leukaemia virus infection in a young cat. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221074240. [PMID: 35173973 PMCID: PMC8841923 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 4-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with a continuous cough was brought to a private veterinary clinic for detailed examination. Radiography of the thoracic cavity revealed a severe radiopaque region in the caudal lobe of the right lung. At 108 days after the initial visit, CT showed a mass of 27 × 23 × 18 mm in the caudal lobe of the right lung. At that time, no abnormalities in other organs except for the lung were detected on CT and peripheral blood and blood biochemistry tests. The mass in the caudal lobe of the right lung was resected by lobectomy; it had a white surface and was firm. Histopathologically, the mass was non-encapsulated, showing an unclear boundary with surrounding tissues. The mass comprised large, round or polygonal neoplastic cells arranged in a diffuse pattern. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for CD20, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) p27 and FeLV glycoprotein 70 but negative for CD3, CD204 and E-cadherin. Based on these findings, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with FeLV infection was diagnosed. Although the cat showed no clinical signs of gastrointestinal or respiratory injury, a routine ultrasonography revealed thickening in the jejunum wall 196 days after lobectomy, and subsequent fine-needle aspiration examination confirmed high-grade lymphoma. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with FeLV infection in a young cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ishikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yasuda
- Veterinary Medical Center, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Yoshida
- Veterinary Medical Center, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Szilasi A, Koltai Z, Dénes L, Balka G, Mándoki M. In Situ Hybridization of Feline Leukemia Virus in a Case of Osteochondromatosis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020059. [PMID: 35202311 PMCID: PMC8878754 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondromatosis, also known as multiple cartilaginous exostosis, polyostotic osteochondroma, and multiple osteochondromas, comprises one-fifth of all primary bone tumors in cats, with no breed or sex predisposition or hereditary pattern. Unlike in dogs, horses, and humans, it is predominantly seen in young cats (2–4 years old), after the maturation of the skeleton. Although the pathogenesis of osteochondromatosis is not fully understood, it is considered to be related to infection by feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or other retroviruses, such as the feline sarcoma virus. However, the presence of viral particles within tumor lesions has only been demonstrated by electron microscopy. The malignant transformation of osteochondromas, most typically to osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma, has also been attributed to the viral infection. Here we report the case of osteochondromatosis in a 3.5-year-old male domestic European shorthair cat with concurrent FeLV infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Viral RNA was visualized in representative tissues (spleen, mesenteric lymph node, liver, kidney, lung, brain) and in the osteochondromas with RNAscope in situ hybridization, which supports that FeLV infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteochondromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilasi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (L.D.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Lilla Dénes
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (L.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (L.D.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-478-41-81
| | - Míra Mándoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (L.D.); (M.M.)
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