Establishing a Guide for Developing Organizational Support in Healthcare Following a Critical or Sentinel Event

Emotional Responses and Support Needs of Healthcare Professionals after Adverse or Traumatic Experiences in Healthcare-Evidence from Seminars on Peer Support

The aim of this study was to identify (i) emotions experienced by healthcare professionals (HCPs) after adverse or traumatic events and (ii) needs for support after adverse or traumatic events. Data for this qualitative, descriptive study were collected at 27 seminars for 198 HCPs introducing a peer-support programme after adverse or traumatic events (The Buddy Study). Through interactive exercises, participants shared their experiences, and this study reports on the responses of an exercise identifying emotions and needs after an adverse or traumatic event. The top five emotions were anger, guilt, impotence, grief, and frustration and anxiety, and the top five needs were to be met with understanding, recognition, listening, care, and respect. Ten categories of emotions experienced by HCPs after adverse or traumatic events were constructed, and the five categories with the highest number of mentions were anger and impotence, fear and insecurity, negative self-evaluation, guilt and shame, and alone and overloaded. Nine categories relating to needs for support after adverse or traumatic events were constructed, and the five categories with the highest number of mentions were: being seen and understood, compassion, being respected, time to recover, and organisational support. The emotional disclosure promoted at the peer seminars of the Buddy Study revealed that all participants share the same emotional distress, being either second victims or potential second victims. Moreover, the support needed was of a human-to-human nature that all participants felt capable of providing as a "buddy" for a colleague. Both the identified emotions and needs for support identified in this study may contribute to qualifying the development of the content of support programmes for HCPs after traumatic or adverse events.