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El-Sharkasy MH, El-Singergy AA, Mansour AMR, Badawy MA, Khedr A. Union in Lateral Column Lengthening by Plate Fixation Without Bone Graft in Flexible Flatfoot: A Case Series. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1283-1289. [PMID: 37525734 PMCID: PMC10387035 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study's goal was to evaluate the outcomes of lateral column lengthening by plate fixation without bone graft in the management of symptomatic flexible flatfoot. Methods A prospective randomized trial study included 30 feet (27 patients) and was performed from March 2017 to December 2019. Functional and radiological evaluations were done pre-operative and at the final post-operative follow-up. The functional assessment was done using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results The mean follow-up was 16.5 ± 3.027 months. The mean age of patients was 22.6 ± 6.29 years. All cases showed union ranging from 8 to 12 weeks, with a mean of 10 ± 1.88 weeks. The mean AOFAS score improved from 51.6 ± 6.75 to 92.2 ± 6.21. The mean anteroposterior (AP) talo-first metatarsal angle improved from 25.3° ± 8.31° to 3.4° ± 5.10°. The mean anteroposterior (AP) talo-navicular coverage improved from 22.10° ± 4.28° to 2.3° ± 3.46°. The mean Lateral talo-first metatarsal angle improved from 18.6° ± 4.79° to 3.3° ± 3.16°. The calcaneal pitch angle improved from 9.6° ± 4.14° to 15.1° ± 4.43°. The mean lateral talo-calcaneal angle improved from 45.7° ± 3.77° to 37.5° ± 3.47°. Conclusion Using an interposition wedge plate for LCL without bone graft leads to a high union rate, maintains the correction, and avoids possible complications of autografts and allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hegazy El-Sharkasy
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Shoubra General Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ali M. Reda Mansour
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Khedr
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Borenstein T, Gonzalez T, Krevolin J, Den Hartog B, Thordarson D. Republication of "Preliminary Experience Using Bioactive Glass Wedges for Cotton Osteotomy". FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 8:24730114231195358. [PMID: 37669405 PMCID: PMC10469233 DOI: 10.1177/24730114231195358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medial cuneiform dorsal opening wedge (Cotton) osteotomy is often used for treating forefoot varus in patients undergoing surgery for stage II posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. The goal of this study was to examine the radiographic outcomes of Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedge to assess for both maintenance of correction and clinical results and complications. We hypothesized that bioactive glass wedges would maintain correction of the osteotomy with low complication rates. Methods Between December 2015 and June 2016, the charts of 17 patients (10 female and 7 male) who underwent Cotton osteotomy using bioactive glass wedges were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age averaged 56.8 years (range, 16-84). The average follow-up was 6.5 months. Radiographs were reviewed to assess for initial correction and maintenance of correction of medial column sag as well as for union. Charts were reviewed for complications. Results The medial column sag correction averaged 15.6% on the final postoperative lateral radiograph. Meary angle averaged 19 degrees (3.14-42.8 degrees) preoperatively and 5.5 degrees (0.4-20.7 degrees) at final follow-up. All patients achieved clinical and radiographic union. One patient developed neuropathic midfoot pain and was managed with sympathetic blocks. One patient had a delayed union that healed at 6 months without surgical intervention. No patients required the use of custom orthotics or subsequent surgical procedures. Conclusion Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedges produced consistent correction of the medial column with low risk. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Borenstein
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Gonzalez
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Thordarson
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Stamatos NJ, Murasko MJ, Richardson K, O’Connor C, Anoushiravani AA, Adams C, Rosenbaum A. Radiographic Outcomes of Titanium Augment vs Bone Graft in Lateral Column Lengthening for Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 8:24730114231176554. [PMID: 37325693 PMCID: PMC10262613 DOI: 10.1177/24730114231176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lateral column lengthening (LCL) is a surgical procedure used to manage forefoot abduction and, in theory, also increases the longitudinal arch by plantarflexion of the first ray through tensioning the peroneus longus for patients with stage IIB adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). This procedure utilizes an opening wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus, which is then filled with autograft, allograft, or a porous metal wedge. The primary aim of this study was to compare the radiographic outcomes of these different bone substitutes following LCL for stage IIB AAFD. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent LCL from October 2008 until October 2018. Preoperative weightbearing radiographs, initial postoperative radiographs, and 1-year weightbearing radiographs were reviewed. The following radiographic measurements were recorded: incongruency angle, talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA), talar-first metatarsal angle (T-1MT), and calcaneal pitch. Results A total of 44 patients were included in our study. The mean age of the cohort was 54 (range, 18-74). The study cohort was divided into 2 groups. There were 17 (38.7%) patients who received a titanium metal wedge and 27 (61.5%) that received autograft or allograft. Patients that underwent LCL with the autograft/allograft group were significantly older (59 vs 47 years old, P = .006). Patients who underwent LCL with a titanium wedge had a significantly higher preoperative talonavicular angle (32 vs 27 degrees, P = .013). There were no significant differences in postoperative TNCA, incongruency angle, or calcaneal pitch at 6 months or 1 year. Conclusion At 6 months and 1 year, no radiographic differences were found between autograft/allograft bone substitutes vs titanium wedge in LCL. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlon J. Murasko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Richardson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Casey O’Connor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Curtis Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Rosenbaum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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García-Jarabo E, Ramos-Ramos LM, Sánchez-Morata EJ, Hernanz-González Y, Mellado-Romero MÁ, Vilá Y Rico J. [Translated article] Surgical treatment at adult acquired flatfoot stage IIB: Spring ligament repair. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:T62-T67. [PMID: 36375768 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The spring ligament has paramount role in supporting the arches and its fail causes the collapse of the medial longitudinal arc, inducing adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Our aim was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of spring ligament repair and titanium wedges integration used in surgical osteotomies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 23 cases with middle ages of 63, diagnosed with adult acquired flatfoot deformity stage IIB in RAM classification after ortho-prosthetic treatment failure, assessing the functional outcomes using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scale and the radiological outcomes studying angles variation (talonavicular uncoverage, talo-first metatarsal angle and Meary axis). RESULTS The mean preoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score of the sample was 52±10 and the postoperative 88±6 (p<0.05). The radiological outcomes showed a statistically significant improvement. CONCLUSION Spring ligament repair associated to bone reconstruction offers large functional and radiological outcomes to adult acquired flatfoot deformity stage IIB treatment. Titanium wedges present an excellent bone integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E García-Jarabo
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L M Ramos-Ramos
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - E J Sánchez-Morata
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Hernanz-González
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Á Mellado-Romero
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vilá Y Rico
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Surgical treatment at adult acquired flatfoot stage IIB: Spring ligament repair. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:62-67. [PMID: 36089241 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The spring ligament has paramount role in supporting the arches and its fail causes the collapse of the medial longitudinal arc, inducing adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Our aim was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of spring ligament repair and titanium wedges integration used in surgical osteotomies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 23 cases with middle ages of 63, diagnosed with adult acquired flatfoot deformity stage IIB in RAM classification after ortho-prosthetic treatment failure, assessing the functional outcomes using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scale and the radiological outcomes studying angles variation (talonavicular uncoverage, talo-first metatarsal angle and Meary axis). RESULTS The mean preoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score of the sample was 52±10 and the postoperative 88±6 (p<0.05). The radiological outcomes showed a statistically significant improvement. CONCLUSION Spring ligament repair associated to bone reconstruction offers large functional and radiological outcomes to adult acquired flatfoot deformity stage IIB treatment. Titanium wedges present an excellent bone integration.
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6
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Au B, Patel NB, Smith CN, Burns PR. Short- to Intermediate-Term Radiographic Outcomes Following Cotton Osteotomy. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 61:812-820. [PMID: 34974977 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cotton osteotomy or the medial cuneiform opening wedge osteotomy has been a common adjunct procedure in flatfoot reconstruction to correct for forefoot varus or a dorsiflexed first ray. The main goal of the study is to retrospectively review outcomes specifically in the short-intermediate term for the cotton osteotomy. The medical records of a single foot and ankle surgeon (PRB) were reviewed for patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study period was from January 2006 to October 2018. The analysis was performed using information obtained from chart-review to examine union and complication rates, as well as changes in the cuneiform articular angle based on graft size and type. A total of 71 feet in 61 patients underwent cotton osteotomies for flatfoot reconstruction. Overall complication rate was 5.6% (4/71) with 2 nonunions (2/47) in those that had radiographic follow-up of greater than 9 months. Change in cuneiform articular angle (CAA) showed 0.91° of correction per 1-millimeter increase in graft wedge size from preoperative to 3 weeks. Change for anterior-posterior medial cuneiform bisection dorsal length (AP length) was 0.70 mm per 1 mm of graft used from preoperative to 3 weeks. 6 weeks to 10 weeks showed statistically significant changes in the CAA (p = .01) and the AP length (p = .002). The cotton osteotomy showed statistically significant radiographic loss of correction between the 6- and 10-week time points when patients were allowed to begin weightbearing. Metal grafts may provide maintenance of correction which warrants future studies on their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Au
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Neil B Patel
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clair N Smith
- Biostatistician, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick R Burns
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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7
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Obey MR, Johnson JE, Backus JD. Managing Complications of Foot and Ankle Surgery: Reconstruction of the Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity. Foot Ankle Clin 2022; 27:303-325. [PMID: 35680290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cause and principles of treatment of progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) has significantly evolved in recent decades. The goals of treatment remain improvement in symptoms, correction of deformity, maintenance of joint motion, and return of function. Although notable advancements in understanding the deformity have been made, complications still occur and typically result from (1) poor decision making, (2) technical errors, and (3) patient-related conditions. In this article, we discuss common surgical modalities used in the treatment of PCFD and further highlight the common complications that occur and the techniques that can be used to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel R Obey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave CB8233 St. Loiuis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave CB8233 St. Loiuis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathon D Backus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave CB8233 St. Loiuis, MO 63110, USA.
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8
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Crawford AW, Haleem AM. I am Afraid of Lateral Column Lengthening. Should I Be? Foot Ankle Clin 2021; 26:523-538. [PMID: 34332733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lateral column lengthening has long been used in conjunction with other soft tissue and bony procedures to correct the midforefoot abduction seen in class B progressive collapsing foot deformity. The effectiveness of this osteotomy to restore the physiologic shape of the foot has been used by foot and ankle surgeons around the world to provide functional improvement for patients suffering from this disease. The overall low complication rates, low nonunion rates, and improved radiographic and functional outcomes provided by lateral column lengthening make this a valuable option for the treatment of class B progressive collapsing foot deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Crawford
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 800 Stanton L Young Boulevard, Suite 3400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Amgad M Haleem
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 800 Stanton L Young Boulevard, Suite 3400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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9
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Thordarson DB, Schon LC, de Cesar Netto C, Deland JT, Ellis SJ, Johnson JE, Myerson MS, Sangeorzan BJ, Hintermann B. Consensus for the Indication of Lateral Column Lengthening in the Treatment of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:1286-1288. [PMID: 32851858 DOI: 10.1177/1071100720950732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RECOMMENDATION Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is a complex 3D deformity with varying degrees of hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and midfoot supination. Although a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy can correct heel valgus, it has far less ability to correct forefoot abduction. More severe forefoot abduction, most frequently measured preoperatively by assessing talonavicular coverage on an anteroposterior (AP) weightbearing conventional radiographic view of the foot, can be more effectively corrected with a lateral column lengthening procedure than by other osteotomies in the foot. Care must be taken intraoperatively to not overcorrect the deformity by restricting passive eversion of the subtalar joint or causing adduction at the talonavicular joint on simulated AP weightbearing fluoroscopic imaging. Overcorrection can lead to lateral column overload with persistent lateral midfoot pain. The typical amount of lengthening of the lateral column is between 5 and 10 mm. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, consensus, expert opinion. CONSENSUS STATEMENT ONE Lateral column lengthening (LCL) procedure is recommended when the amount of talonavicular joint uncoverage is above 40%. The amount of lengthening needed in the lateral column should be judged intraoperatively by the amount of correction of the uncoverage and by adequate residual passive eversion range of motion of the subtalar joint.Delegate vote: agree, 78% (7/9); disagree, 11% (1/9); abstain, 11% (1/9).(Strong consensus). CONSENSUS STATEMENT TWO When titrating the amount of correction of abduction deformity intraoperatively, the presence of adduction at the talonavicular joint on simulated weightbearing fluoroscopic imaging is an important sign of hypercorrection and higher risk for lateral column overload.Delegate vote: agree, 100% (9/9); disagree, 0%; abstain, 0%.(Unanimous, strongest consensus). CONSENSUS STATEMENT THREE The typical range for performing a lateral column lengthening is between 5 and 10 mm to achieve an adequate amount of talonavicular coverage.Delegate vote: agree, 100% (9/9); disagree, 0%; abstain, 0%.(Unanimous, strongest consensus).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lew C Schon
- Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cesar de Cesar Netto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark S Myerson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Niazi NS, Aljawadi A, Pillai A. Shaped titanium wedges for subtalar distraction arthrodesis: Early clinical and radiological results. Foot (Edinb) 2020; 42:101647. [PMID: 32035402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced intraarticular calcaneum fractures are associated with late symptomatic hind foot malalignment and painful arthrosis for which distraction subtalar fusion might be considered. During subtalar distraction arthrodesis, a structural graft is often used to fill gaps. Autograft, the current gold standard, is limited in availabilityand is associated with donor-site morbidity and collapse. Allografts have the risk of infectious disease transmission, rejection and failure to integrate. The clinical outcomes and midterm results of subtalar distraction arthrodesis with biofoamtitanium wedges are presented. METHODS A review of 4 patients (3 male and 1 female) undergoing subtalar bone block distraction arthrodesis using biofoam titanium wedges is reported. Results were evaluated clinically and radiologically Mean time from trauma to surgery was 27.5 months and mean follow up was 12 months. RESULTS The mean FAAM ADL score improved from 31.4% preoperatively to 74.2% postoperatively and mean AOFAS score improved from 23.4 preoperatively to 69.6 postoperatively.There was improvement in all radiographic parameters, with 44% improvement in calcaneal pitch, 23% improvement in talocalcaneal angle, 21% increase in talus-first metatarsal angle, and 13.5% correction of talocalcaneal height. VAS Pain scores wasimproved from a pre-operative mean of 8 to a post-operative mean of 2. Mean time to fusion was 13 weeks. Union was achieved in all cases. CONCLUSION Our data suggest titanium wedges may be used as a structural graft option for subtalar bone block distraction arthrodesis. Fusion rates and time to incorporation are comparable to autogenous bone graft without the associated morbidity. Level IV Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakeel Niazi
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Aljawadi
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - Anand Pillai
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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11
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Abstract
Use of orthobiologics in sports medicine and musculoskeletal surgery has gained significant interest. However, many of the commercially available and advertised products are lacking in clinical evidence. Widespread use of products before fully understanding their true indications may result in unknown adverse outcomes and may also lead to increased health care costs. As more products become available, it is important to remain judicial in use and to practice evidence-based medicine. Likewise, it is important to continue advances in research in hopes to improve surgical outcomes. This article reviews clinical evidence behind common orthobiologics in the treatment of foot and ankle pathology.
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12
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Fraser TW, Kadakia AR, Doty JF. Complications and Early Radiographic Outcomes of Flatfoot Deformity Correction With Metallic Midfoot Opening Wedge Implants. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2019; 4:2473011419868971. [PMID: 35097336 PMCID: PMC8696914 DOI: 10.1177/2473011419868971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Forefoot varus is a common component of flatfoot deformity that is often surgically addressed. Multiple options exist to plantarflex the medial column, with midfoot fusion and the Cotton osteotomy being the most common. This study analyzes radiographic outcomes and complications when a titanium wedge is used for structural support in a dorsal opening wedge Cotton osteotomy of the medial cuneiform. Methods: Between December 2016 and May 2018, 32 feet in 31 patients were treated with medial column titanium wedges for residual forefoot varus in association with flatfoot corrections. All participants had preoperative and weight-bearing postoperative radiographs examined for analysis of radiographic correction. The average age of the patients was 41.1 (range: 12-70). The average follow-up time for patients was 12.2 months (8-24). Results: All radiographic parameters were statistically significantly improved from preoperative to postoperative (P < .05). There were no instances of nonunion of the medial cuneiform osteotomy. There was 1 implant that loosened and was revised to a larger implant that healed uneventfully. No wedges were removed for continued pain at the osteotomy site. Conclusion: This study suggests that metal wedges are both safe and effective for use in medial column correction based on early follow-up data. Future studies comparing titanium wedges versus traditional bone grafting for Cotton osteotomies may provide further analysis of radiographic correction, operative time, procedure cost, and outcomes. There were no instances of pain over the titanium wedge site. Radiographic outcomes are similar to those reported for opening wedge Cotton osteotomies including bone grafting and wedge plates with screws. Future studies will help determine the long-term maintenance of correction and hardware survivorship. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Fraser
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | | | - Jesse F. Doty
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
- Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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13
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Tsai J, McDonald E, Sutton R, Raikin SM. Severe Flexible Pes Planovalgus Deformity Correction Using Trabecular Metallic Wedges. Foot Ankle Int 2019; 40:402-407. [PMID: 30565478 DOI: 10.1177/1071100718816054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lateral column lengthening and plantarflexion dorsal opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform are 2 commonly used procedures to address the deformity seen in severe flexible pes planovalgus deformity. Traditionally, iliac crest allograft or autograft has been used to fill the osteotomy sites. Porous metallic wedges can be used as an alternative to avoid the concerns associated with both autograft and allograft. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients who had corrective osteotomies utilizing metallic wedges to address flexible pes planovalgus with at least 2 years of follow-up data. Preoperative radiographic measurements (anteroposterior [AP] and talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, talocalcaneal angle, and talonavicular uncoverage angle) and functional scores (visual analog scale [VAS] pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM] Activities of Daily Living [ADL], FAAM Sports) were compared to postoperative radiographic measurements and functional scores. RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in all radiographic parameters and functional scores. Two nonunions were seen, one of which healed with revision surgery while the other was asymptomatic. At the time of last radiographic follow-up, there were no recurrences of deformity or collapse. CONCLUSION: Porous metallic wedges offer an attractive alternative to autograft and/or allograft in the setting of corrective osteotomies for severe flexible pes planovalgus. Patients who underwent corrective osteotomies using these wedges demonstrated reliable, effective, and stable radiographic correction as well as significant improvements in function and pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tsai
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth McDonald
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Sutton
- 2 Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Ivyland, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Raikin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Medial Cuneiform Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of Flexible Flatfoot Deformity: Trabecular Titanium vs. Bone Allograft Wedges. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1472471. [PMID: 31049351 PMCID: PMC6462320 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1472471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult flatfoot is a common pathology characterized by multiplanar deformity involving hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Various surgical techniques have been described for the treatment but may not adequately correct the fixed forefoot varus component. Residual forefoot supination can be addressed by a plantar flexing opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform, also known as a Cotton osteotomy. Thus, the aims of this study were to compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcome after Cotton osteotomy, in patients treated with bone allograft or metallic implant. Consequently, 36 patients treated with opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform for forefoot varus were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: the bone allograft group (HBG) (n=18) and the metallic implant group with BIOFOAM® Cotton Wedges (TTW) (n=18). Radiographic assessment and clinical scores including American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, Foot Function Index, and visual analogue scale for pain were collected before operation and the last follow-up. The difference between baseline and follow-up for both groups was statistically significant for all the clinical scores and radiographic angles (p < 0.05). Most participants (92%) were very satisfied after surgery. Our results showed that Cotton osteotomy with a metallic implant provided both good clinical and radiographic outcomes comparable with bone allograft.
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Matthews M, Cook EA, Cook J, Johnson L, Karthas T, Collier B, Hansen D, Manning E, McKenna B, Basile P. Long-Term Outcomes of Corrective Osteotomies Using Porous Titanium Wedges for Flexible Flatfoot Deformity Correction. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 57:924-930. [PMID: 29891128 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Common corrective osteotomies used in flexible flatfoot deformity reconstruction include Cotton and Evans osteotomies, which require structural graft to maintain correction. Auto-, allo-, and xenografts are associated with a number of limitations, including disease transmission, rejection, donor site morbidity, technical challenges related to graft fashioning, and graft resorption. Porous titanium is a synthetic substance designed to address these flaws; however, few studies have been reported on the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes. A multicenter retrospective cohort of 63 consecutive preconfigured porous titanium wedges (PTWs) used in flexible flatfoot reconstructions from June 1, 2009 to June 30, 2015 was evaluated. The primary outcome measure was the pre- to postdeformity correction efficacy. The secondary outcomes included maintenance of correction at a minimum follow-up point of 12 months, complications, graft incorporation, and graft safety profile. Multivariate linear regression found a statistically significant improvement in all radiographic parameters from preoperatively to the final weightbearing radiographs (calcaneocuboid 18.850 ± 4.020 SE, p < .0001; Kite's, 7.810 ± 3.660 SE, p = .04; Meary's 13.910 ± 3.100 SE, p = .0001; calcaneal inclination, 5.550 ± 2.140 SE, p = .015). When restricted to patients with >4 years of follow-up data, maintenance of correction appeared robust in all 4 measurements, demonstrating a lack of bone or graft resorption. No patients were lost to follow-up, no major complications or implant explantation or migration occurred, and all implants were incorporated. Minor complications included hardware pain from plates over grafts (8%), 1 case of scar neuritis, and a 5% table incidence of transfer pain associated with the PTWs. These results support the use of PTWs for safety and degree and maintenance of correction in flatfoot reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Matthews
- Chief Resident, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Emily A Cook
- Director of Resident Training, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Instructor, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy Cook
- Instructor, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Director of Research and Quality Assurance, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lindsay Johnson
- Instructor, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Chief, Department of Podiatry, Atrius Health, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Karthas
- Chief Resident, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Byron Collier
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Hansen
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Manning
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bryon McKenna
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Philip Basile
- Instructor, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Chief, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA
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Abstract
Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) comprises a wide spectrum of ligament and tendon failure that may result in significant deformity and disability. It is often associated with posterior tibial tendon deficiency (PTTD), which has been linked to multiple demographic factors, medical comorbidities, and genetic processes. AAFD is classified using stages I through IV. Nonoperative treatment modalities should always be attempted first and often provide resolution in stages I and II. Stage II, consisting of a wide range of flexible deformities, is typically treated operatively with a combination of soft tissue procedures and osteotomies. Stage III, which is characterized by a rigid flatfoot, typically warrants triple arthrodesis. Stage IV, where the flatfoot deformity involves the ankle joint, is treated with ankle arthrodesis or ankle arthroplasty with or without deltoid ligament reconstruction along with procedures to restore alignment of the foot. There is limited evidence as to the optimal procedure; thus, the surgical indications and techniques continue to be researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen K. Henry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Shakked
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott J. Ellis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Borenstein T, Gonzalez T, Krevolin J, Den Hartog B, Thordarson D. Preliminary Experience Using Bioactive Glass Wedges for Cotton Osteotomy. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011418796861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Medial cuneiform dorsal opening wedge (Cotton) osteotomy is often used for treating forefoot varus in patients undergoing surgery for stage II posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. The goal of this study was to examine the radiographic outcomes of Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedge to assess for both maintenance of correction and clinical results and complications. We hypothesized that bioactive glass wedges would maintain correction of the osteotomy with low complication rates.Methods:Between December 2015 and June 2016, the charts of 17 patients (10 female and 7 male) who underwent Cotton osteotomy using bioactive glass wedges were retrospectively reviewed. Patient age averaged 56.8 years (range, 16-84). The average follow-up was 6.5 months. Radiographs were reviewed to assess for initial correction and maintenance of correction of medial column sag as well as for union. Charts were reviewed for complications.Results:The medial column sag correction averaged 15.6% on the final postoperative lateral radiograph. Meary angle averaged 19 degrees (3.14-42.8 degrees) preoperatively and 5.5 degrees (0.4-20.7 degrees) at final follow-up. All patients achieved clinical and radiographic union. One patient developed neuropathic midfoot pain and was managed with sympathetic blocks. One patient had a delayed union that healed at 6 months without surgical intervention. No patients required the use of custom orthotics or subsequent surgical procedures.Conclusion:Cotton osteotomy with bioactive glass wedges produced consistent correction of the medial column with low risk.Level of Evidence:Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tood Borenstein
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Gonzalez
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Thordarson
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Moore SH, Carstensen SE, Burrus MT, Cooper T, Park JS, Perumal V. Porous Titanium Wedges in Lateral Column Lengthening for Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity. Foot Ankle Spec 2018; 11:347-356. [PMID: 29073794 DOI: 10.1177/1938640017735890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lateral column lengthening (LCL) is a common procedure for reconstruction of stage II flexible adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). The recent development of porous titanium wedges for this procedure provides an alternative to allograft and autograft. The purpose of this study was to report radiographic and clinical outcomes achieved with porous titanium wedges in LCL. A retrospective analysis of 34 feet in 30 patients with AAFD that received porous titanium wedges for LCL from January 2011 to October 2014. Deformity correction was assessed using both radiographic and clinical parameters. Radiographic correction was assessed using the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, the talonavicular uncoverage percentage, and the first metatarsocuneiform height. The hindfoot valgus angle was measured. Patients were followed from a minimum of 6 months up to 4 years (mean 16.1 months). Postoperative radiographs demonstrated significant correction in all 3 radiographic criteria and the hindfoot valgus angle. We had no cases of nonunion, no wedge migration, and no wedges have been removed to date. The most common complication was calcaneocuboid joint pain (14.7%). Porous titanium wedges in LCL can achieve good radiographic and clinical correction of AAFD with a low rate of nonunion and other complications. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV: Case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer H Moore
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - M Tyrrell Burrus
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Truitt Cooper
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joseph S Park
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Venkat Perumal
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Foster JR, McAlister JE, Peterson KS, Hyer CF. Union Rates and Complications of Lateral Column Lengthening Using the Interposition Plating Technique: A Radiographic and Medical Record Review. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 56:247-251. [PMID: 28231960 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lateral column lengthening is a common procedure for correction of pes planovalgus. A tricortical bone graft has been a standard among foot and ankle surgeons. The purpose of the present study was to compare the union rates and complications between the 2 forms of fixation for lateral column lengthening. The present study was a retrospective medical record and radiograph review of 52 patients divided into 2 equal groups, allograft (group A) and opening wedge plate (group B). The radiographic analyses compared the preoperative, postoperative and long-term measurements of cuboid abduction and talonavicular angles. The outcome measures included nonunion, hardware removal, and infection. The median follow-up duration for each group was 34.5 (range 6.3 to 89.5) months and 12.6 (range 6.5 to 56.8) months for groups A and B, respectively. Group A had 4 nonunions (15.4%) and group B had 2 nonunions (7.7%). The mean radiographic measurements of cuboid abduction and talonavicular articulation for each group improved significantly. The incidence of hardware removal was greater for group A than for group B (30.8% versus 15.4%), although the difference was not statistically significant. The median time to osseous healing for group A was 12.0 (range 8.0 to 80.0) weeks and for group B was 10.0 (range 6.0 to 36.0) weeks. The interposition plating techniques for lateral column lengthening procedures had a lower nonunion rate and incidence of hardware removal compared with the traditional use of tricortical bone grafting. The findings from the present study will aid surgeons in alternative fixation for lateral column lengthening procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyle S Peterson
- Fellowship-Trained Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Suburban Orthopaedics, Bartlett, IL
| | - Christopher F Hyer
- Fellowship Co-Director, Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Westerville, OH.
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