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Caci H, Didier C, Wynchank D. Retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADHD using the Wender Utah Rating Scale. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:481-488. [PMID: 35987714 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An external validation of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) against a clinical assessment is lacking, especially for French-speaking populations. METHOD Participants completed three subsets of the WURS-61 and were assessed for ADHD using the DIVA 2.0 semi-structured interview. Exploratory factor analyses were performed. Logistic regression models and Receiver-Operating Curves were used to determine the cut-off scores that predicted childhood ADHD with best accuracy. RESULTS One hundred three adults were included. Three factors were extracted for the WURS-25 and WURS-K, and four for the WURS-29. Cut-off scores are 44, 24 and 42, respectively. When considering DSM-5 rather than DSM-IV criteria, these values changed to 44, 36 and 44, respectively. More than 83% of the participants had been correctly classified. CONCLUSION All three subsets of the WURS-61 retrospectively predict the presence of ADHD in childhood. This result might prove to be useful in screening and research procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Caci
- Hôpitaux Pédiatrique de Nice-CHU Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France; Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Psychiatrie du Développement et Trajectoires, U1018 INSERM UPS UVSQ, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - C Didier
- Hôpitaux Pédiatrique de Nice-CHU Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France
| | - D Wynchank
- PsyQ ADHD, Lijnbaan 4, 2512 VA The Hague, Netherlands
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2
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Smethells JR, Burroughs D, Saykao A, Pentel PR, Rezvani AH, LeSage MG. The reinforcement threshold and elasticity of demand for nicotine in an adolescent rat model of depression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108433. [PMID: 33310485 PMCID: PMC7855441 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering setting a nicotine standard for tobacco products to reduce their addictiveness. Such a standard should account for the apparent greater vulnerability to nicotine addiction in some subpopulations, such as adolescents with depression. The present study examined whether the reinforcement threshold and elasticity of demand (i.e., reinforcing efficacy) for nicotine in a genetic inbred rat model of depression (Flinders Sensitive Line [FSL]) differs from an outbred control strain. METHODS Acquisition of nicotine self-administration (NSA) across a wide range of nicotine doses was measured in both FSL and Sprague-Dawley (SD) control adolescent rats. At the highest dose, elasticity of demand was also measured. Nicotine pharmacokinetics was examined to determine whether it might modulate NSA, as it does smoking in humans. RESULTS FSL rats acquired self-administration quicker and showed more inelastic demand (greater reinforcing efficacy) than SDs at the highest unit dose. However, there was no strain difference in the reinforcement threshold of nicotine. FSL rats exhibited faster nicotine clearance, larger volume of distribution, and lower plasma and brain nicotine concentrations. However, these differences were not consistently related to strain differences in NSA measures. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with studies showing greater dependence and reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes in smokers with depression and those with relatively fast nicotine metabolism. However, these findings also suggest that a nicotine standard to reduce initiation of tobacco use should be similarly effective in both the general adolescent population and those with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Smethells
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Amy Saykao
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul R. Pentel
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amir H. Rezvani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mark G. LeSage
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Smoking as a risk factor for physical impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 cohort studies. J Addict Dis 2019; 38:19-32. [PMID: 31809656 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2019.1690928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative symptoms, suicide risk, agoraphobia, impaired functional remission, and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:879-886. [PMID: 30078128 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with, respectively, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia (SZ), and cognitive disorders in the general population, and with positive and negative symptoms and metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia. The objective was to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in a non-selected multicentric sample of SZ subjects in day hospital. Hypovitaminosis D was defined by blood vitamin D level < 25 nM. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Calgary Depression Rating Scale Score and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Score. Anxiety disorders and suicide risk were evaluated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Mental Disorders. Functioning was evaluated with the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale. Hypovitaminosis D has been found in 27.5% of the subjects. In multivariate analysis, hypovitaminosis D has been significantly associated with, respectively, higher suicide risk (aOR = 2.67 [1.31-5.46], p = 0.01), agoraphobia (aOR = 3.37 [1.66-6.85], p < 0.0001), antidepressant consumption (aOR = 2.52 [1.37-4.64], p < 0.001), negative symptoms (aOR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07], p = 0.04), decreased functioning (aOR = 0.97[0.95-0.99], p = 0.01), and increased leucocytosis (aOR = 1.17 [1.04-1.32], p = 0.01) independently of age and gender. No association with alcohol use disorder, metabolic syndrome, peripheral inflammation, insulin resistance, or thyroid disturbances has been found (all p > 0.05). Despite some slight abnormalities, no major cognitive impairment has been associated with hypovitaminosis D in the present sample (all p > 0.05 except for WAIS similarities score). Hypovitaminosis D is frequent and associated with suicide risk, agoraphobia and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia, and more slightly with negative symptoms. Patients with agoraphobia, suicide risk and antidepressant consumption may, therefore, benefit in priority from vitamin D supplementation, given the benefit/risk profile of vitamin D. Further studies should evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes of SZ subjects.
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Association of symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and impulsive-aggression with severity of suicidal behavior in adult attempters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4593. [PMID: 30872743 PMCID: PMC6418227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature emphasizes the relationship between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suicidal behavior (SB). However, the link between ADHD and the severity of SB is yet to be determined. We investigated the association between a probable diagnosis of ADHD and the severity of SB in 539 hospitalized suicide attempters, and determined the role of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. The severity of SB was defined as the number of suicide attempts, age at first suicide attempt, seriousness and violence of suicide attempts. A diagnosis of probable adult ADHD (probable ADHD) was defined as the presence of both current ADHD symptoms and ADHD symptoms in childhood. We evaluated the combined effect of high impulsive-aggression levels and probable ADHD. Probable ADHD was not associated with early or frequent suicide attempts after adjustment for psychiatric disorders and treatment intake. High levels of impulsive-aggression increased the risk of an early suicide attempt, particularly in patients with ADHD symptoms, and independently of other clinical factors. The association between serious suicide attempts and probable ADHD remained significant after adjustment. Although ADHD is involved in suicidal vulnerability, psychiatric comorbidities and impulsive-aggression appear to largely explain the severity of SB in adult attempters with ADHD symptoms.
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Abstract
Arthritis is not only a chronic disease but also causes physical inactivity. We investigated the association between arthritis and quality of life and psychological problems, as measured by suicidal ideation. We used data from the 2013 Community Health Survey, and 162,598 persons aged 40 years and older were included as study subjects. Our main focus was to investigate association of arthritis with suicidal ideation and quality of life. Multivariate survey logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for suicidal ideation, and multivariate survey linear regression analysis used to identify associations between variables and scores on the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale(EQ-VAS). 8.30% of male and 13.90% of female experienced suicidal ideation, and 16.17% of and 21.23% of female suffered from arthritis. Individuals with arthritis were more likely to report suicidal ideation and have lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores. Furthermore, higher rates of suicidal ideation and lower HRQOLs were also associated with older age, low income and less education. Arthritis was associated with higher rates of suicidal ideation and lower HRQOL scores. These results should contribute to the development and implementation of polices and management strategies to alleviate suicidal ideation and increase HRQOL scores among arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Park
- a Research Planning and Coordination Department , Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs , Sejong , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- b Department of Health Administration and Management , Soonchunhyang University Graduate School , Asan , Republic of Korea.,c Center for Healthcare Management Science , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- c Center for Healthcare Management Science , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Science , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , Republic of Korea
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Xin LM, Chen L, Su YA, Yang FD, Wang G, Fang YR, Lu Z, Yang HC, Hu J, Chen ZY, Huang Y, Sun J, Wang XP, Li HC, Zhang JB, Si TM. Risk Factors for Recent Suicide Attempts in Major Depressive Disorder Patients in China: Results From a National Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:300. [PMID: 30018575 PMCID: PMC6037843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the factors associated with recent suicide attempts including socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients in China. Methods: The data were from a nationwide sample from 13 major psychiatric hospitals or the psychiatric units of general hospitals in China, from September 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011. Melancholic features and suicide attempts in the past month were defined according to the melancholic feature module and the suicide module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between MDD patients with and without recent suicide attempts. Further analyses regarding the factors associated with recent suicide attempts in MDD patients were performed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 1,172 MDD patients, 57 (4.9%) were reported to have made a suicide attempt in the past month. Compared to the MDD patients without recent suicide attempt, significantly higher percentage of patients in the recent suicide attempters group had previous suicide attempts (χ2 = 171.861, p < 0.001) and depressive episodes with melancholic features (χ2 = 22.837, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that previous suicide attempts (OR = 20.81, 95% CI: 11.12-38.94, p < 0.001) and depressive episodes with melancholic features (OR = 4.43, 95% CI: 2.09-9.43, p < 0.001) were independently associated with recent suicide attempts in MDD patients. Limitations: Cross-sectional design, retrospective recall of suicide attempt data. Conclusion: Recent suicide attempts are associated with melancholic features and previous suicide attempts in MDD patients in China. These data may help clinicians to identify MDD patients at high risk of suicide attempt behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Xin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-De Yang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Chen Yang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hu
- The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Chun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bei Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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Chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation is associated with severe nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: results from the national multicentric FACE-SZ cohort. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:465-472. [PMID: 28238173 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic peripheral inflammation (CPI) has been associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ). However, its sources remain unclear, more specifically it is not known whether tobacco smoking is a source of inflammation or not in SZ subjects. Moreover, nicotine (NIC), the major psychoactive compound of tobacco, shows strong anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, as well as inducing a severe biological dependence when administered repeatedly. The objective of the present study was to determine if CPI was associated with tobacco smoking and/or NIC dependence in schizophrenia. Three hundred and forty five stabilized community-dwelling SZ subjects aged 16 years or older (mean age = 32 years, 73% male) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia and assessed with validated scales. CPI was defined by a highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥3 mg/L. Current tobacco status was self-declared. Severe NIC dependence was defined by a Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score ≥7. Overall, 159 (46.1%) were non-smokers, 117 (33.9%) and 69 (20%) were current tobacco smokers with, respectively, low and severe nicotine dependence. In a multivariate model, CPI remained associated with severe NIC dependence (29 vs 15%, OR = 2.8, p = 0.003) and body mass index (OR = 1.1, p < 0.0001), independently of socio-demographic characteristics and antidepressant intake. No association of CPI with low to moderate tobacco smoking dependence, number of daily smoked cigarettes, cannabis use, alcohol use or illness characteristics was found (all p > 0.05). CPI was associated with severe NIC dependence but not with tobacco smoking with low to moderate NIC dependence in SZ, independently of socio-demographic variables, body mass index, alcohol consumption and antidepressant intake. This result highlights the potential CPI consequences of the high prevalence of heavy tobacco smoking in SZ, indicating the importance of new therapeutic strategies for tobacco cessation in SZ.
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Keyser-Marcus L, Vassileva J, Stewart K, Johns S. Impulsivity and cue reactivity in smokers with comorbid depression and anxiety: Possible implications for smoking cessation treatment strategies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:432-441. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1287190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karen Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sade Johns
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Medication and aggressiveness in "real world" schizophrenia: current issues and perspectives. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2421-3. [PMID: 27153843 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fond G, Llorca PM, Boucekine M, Zendjidjian X, Brunel L, Lancon C, Auquier P, Boyer L. Disparities in suicide mortality trends between United States of America and 25 European countries: retrospective analysis of WHO mortality database. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20256. [PMID: 26883796 PMCID: PMC4756707 DOI: 10.1038/srep20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to examine changes in temporal trends in suicide mortality in 26 Western countries by retrospective trend analysis of the WHO mortality database on causes of deaths. From 1990 to 2010, there was a median reduction in suicide mortality of 22.7%, ranging from a 46% reduction in Estonia to a 26.2% increase in Romania. Suicide mortality decreased by ≥ 20% in 15 countries, and the reduction tended to be greater in countries with higher mortality in 1990. In most of the central European countries mortality strongly declined. The median changes in the age groups were -25.3% (range -62.9% to 72.6%) in people aged 15-24 years, -36.9% (-60.5% to 32.4%) in 25-34 years, -3.6% (-57.1% to 92%) in 35-54 years, -12.2% (-37% to 65,7%) in 55-74 years and -16.1% (-54.5% to 166.7%) in ≥ 75 years. Suicide prevention programs in youths and in the elderly seem to be effective (at least in females for the elderly) and efforts should be pursued in this way. However, suicide mortality of the people aged 35-54 years has increased in half of the studied countries between 1990 and 2010. Public policies should further orientate their efforts toward this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Université Paris Est-Créteil Val-de-Marne, France
- Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamed Boucekine
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 – Public Health, Chronic Diseases and
Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Zendjidjian
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 – Public Health, Chronic Diseases and
Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Lore Brunel
- Université Paris Est-Créteil Val-de-Marne, France
- Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 – Public Health, Chronic Diseases and
Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 – Public Health, Chronic Diseases and
Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
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Nagarajan VD, Okoli CTC. A systematic review of tobacco use among adolescents with physical disabilities. Public Health 2016; 133:107-15. [PMID: 26877065 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic review of tobacco use among adolescents with physical disabilities. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review. METHODS A search was performed of English articles published prior to December 2014 in the PubMed database for studies examining smoking rates among adolescents with and without physical disabilities. Ten studies were retrieved (all cross-sectional surveys) of which six compared adolescent populations from nationally representative samples and four examined those based on convenience sampling. Pooled analyses of smoking rates by disability status were performed. RESULTS In studies from nationally representative samples (n = 6 studies), adolescents with physical disabilities were significantly more likely to use tobacco as compared to adolescents without (pooled analyses = 29.7% vs 23.3%). However, in studies from non-representative samples, adolescents with physical disabilities were less likely to use tobacco as compared to adolescents without (pooled analyses = 22.7% vs 39.1%). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with physical disabilities may have an increased risk of tobacco use relative to those without disabilities. Tailored tobacco use prevention and cessation strategies may be appropriate for this high-risk population. Future longitudinal studies which determine factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents with different disabilities should be considered to reduce the disproportionate tobacco use in this population.
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Fond G, Boyer L, Favez M, Brunel L, Aouizerate B, Berna F, Capdevielle D, Chereau I, Dorey JM, Dubertret C, Dubreucq, Faget C, Gabayet F, Laouamri H, Lancon C, Le Strat Y, Misdrahi D, Rey R, Passerieux C, Schandrin A, Schurhoff F, Tronche AM, Urbach M, Vidalhet P, Llorca PM, Pelissolo A. Medication and aggressiveness in real-world schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ dataset. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:571-8. [PMID: 26630993 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this study was to determine if second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) administration was associated with lower aggressiveness scores compared to first-generation (FGA) in schizophrenia (SZ). The secondary objective was to determine if antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines administration were respectively associated with lower aggressiveness scores compared to patients who were not administered these medications. METHODS Three hundred thirty-one patients with schizophrenia (N = 255) or schizoaffective disorder (N = 76) (mean age = 32.5 years, 75.5 % male gender) were systematically included in the network of FondaMental Expert Center for Schizophrenia and assessed with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders and validated scales for psychotic symptomatology, insight, and compliance. Aggressiveness was measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) score. Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded. RESULTS Patients who received SGA had lower BPAQ scores than patients who did not (p = 0.01). More specifically, these patients had lower physical and verbal aggression scores. On the contrary, patients who received benzodiazepines had higher BPAQ scores than patients who did not (p = 0.04). No significant difference was found between BPAQ scores of patients respectively being administered mood stabilizers (including valproate), antidepressant, and the patients who were not. These results were found independently of socio-demographical variables, psychotic symptomatology, insight, compliance into treatment, daily-administered antipsychotic dose, the way of antipsychotic administration (oral vs long acting), current alcohol disorder, and daily cannabis consumption. CONCLUSION The results of the present study are in favor of the choice of SGA in SZ patients with aggressiveness, but these results need further investigation in longitudinal studies. Given the potent side effects of benzodiazepines (especially dependency and cognitive impairment) and the results of the present study, their long-term prescription is not recommended in patients with schizophrenia and aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France. .,INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France. .,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - L Boyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, F-13274, Marseille cedex 09, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Favez
- INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Brunel
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Berna
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Capdevielle
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Chereau
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - J M Dorey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est BP 300 39-95 bd, Pinel - 69678, BRON Cedex, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Dubertret
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dubreucq
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Faget
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Marseille, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Gabayet
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - H Laouamri
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Lancon
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Marseille, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y Le Strat
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Misdrahi
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Rey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est BP 300 39-95 bd, Pinel - 69678, BRON Cedex, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Passerieux
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Schandrin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Schurhoff
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A M Tronche
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Urbach
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Vidalhet
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - P M Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Pelissolo
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Fond G, Godin O, Brunel L, Aouizerate B, Berna F, Bulzacka E, Capdevielle D, Chereau I, Dorey JM, Dubertret C, Dubreucq J, Faget C, Gabayet F, Le Strat Y, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Misdrahi D, Rey R, Richieri R, Passerieux C, Schandrin A, Schürhoff F, Tronche AM, Urbach M, Vidalhet P, Llorca PM, Leboyer M. Peripheral sub-inflammation is associated with antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia. Results from the multi-center FACE-SZ data set. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:209-15. [PMID: 26674214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relation between C-Reactive Protein (CRP), depression and antidepressant consumption has been well explored in major depressive disorders but not in schizophrenia, which has a high rate of depression comorbidity. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the prevalence of abnormal CRP levels, depression and antidepressant consumption in a multicenter community-dwelling sample of subjects with schizophrenia (ii) to determine the association between abnormal CRP levels, depression and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia. METHOD 219 stable patients with schizophrenia (mean age=31.6 years, 75.3% male gender) were systematically included in the multicentre network of FondaMental Expert Center for schizophrenia (FACE-SZ) and assessed with a dedicated electronic medical record including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and Calgary Depression Scale for depression. High sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) was measured with an assay using nephelometry (Dade Behring). Abnormal CRP level was defined by levels >3mg/L. Current medication was recorded. RESULTS Overall, 63 subjects (28.8%) were found to have abnormal CRP levels, 43 (20.1%) received a diagnosis of comorbid current depression, and 51 (31.9%) had ongoing antidepressant treatment. In univariate analysis, abnormal CRP levels were found to be significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p<0.0001), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.0015), high waist circumference (p<0.0001), metabolic syndrome (p=0.0011), abdominal obesity (p<0.0001) and with antidepressant consumption (p=0.01), while depression, psychotic symptomatology, age of onset, illness duration, sociodemographic characteristics, current tobacco or cannabis status, hypertension or high fasting glucose were not (all p>0.05). In a multivariate model, abnormal CRP was associated with antidepressant consumption independently of other confounding variables (adjusted Odds Ratio=2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.22-6.62). Metabolic syndrome was also independently associated with abnormal CRP (adjusted Odds Ratio=2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.01-6.71). CONCLUSION Abnormal CRP levels in schizophrenia were found to be associated with antidepressant consumption, but not with depression. The potential mechanisms were discussed. Antidepressant consumption should be systematically recorded in future studies exploring inflammation in schizophrenia. Future clinical trials of interventions directed at lowering the level of CRP and other inflammatory markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry team, Créteil, France, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - O Godin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - L Brunel
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry team, Créteil, France, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - B Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - F Berna
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Bulzacka
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry team, Créteil, France, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - D Capdevielle
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - I Chereau
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - J M Dorey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier Pole Est BP 300 39 - 95 bd Pinel - 69678 BRON Cedex, France
| | - C Dubertret
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France
| | - J Dubreucq
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France
| | - C Faget
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France
| | - F Gabayet
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France
| | - Y Le Strat
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France
| | - J A Micoulaud-Franchi
- Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux University, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - D Misdrahi
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, France
| | - R Rey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier Pole Est BP 300 39 - 95 bd Pinel - 69678 BRON Cedex, France
| | - R Richieri
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France
| | - C Passerieux
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - A Schandrin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - F Schürhoff
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry team, Créteil, France, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - A M Tronche
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - M Urbach
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - P Vidalhet
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P M Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - M Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry team, Créteil, France, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
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15
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Fond G, Bennabi D, Haffen E, Brunel L, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Loundou A, Lançon C, Llorca PM, Auquier P, Boyer L. A Bayesian framework systematic review and meta-analysis of anesthetic agents effectiveness/tolerability profile in electroconvulsive therapy for major depression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19847. [PMID: 26806849 PMCID: PMC4726191 DOI: 10.1038/srep19847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability/acceptability of 6 anesthetic agents in ECT for depressive disorders. We systematically reviewed 14 double-blind randomized controlled trials (610 participants). Efficacy was measured by the mean scores on validated depression scales at 6 ECT (or the nearest score if not available), number of responders at the end of treatment and seizure duration. The acceptability was measured by the proportion of patients who dropped out of the allocated treatment, and the tolerability by the number of serious adverse events and post-treatment cognition assessment. After excluding the trials responsible for heterogeneity, depression scores of patients who were administered methohexital were found to be significantly more improved than those who received propofol (p = 0.001). On the contrary, those who were administered propofol had lower depression scores than those with thiopental at the end of treatment (p = 0.002). Compared to propofol, methohexital was found to be significantly associated with higher seizure duration (p = 0.018). No difference was found for the acceptability profile (all p > 0.05). In summary, ketamine and methohexital may be preferred to propofol or thiopental in regard of effectiveness in depression scores and increased seizure duration. Further studies are warranted to compare ketamine and methohexital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor DHU Pe-PSY, INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie translationelle, Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France.,Network of Expert centres, FondaMental Foundation, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, CIC-1431, University Hospital of Besançon, EA Neurosciences 481, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Network of Expert centres, FondaMental Foundation, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, CIC-1431, University Hospital of Besançon, EA Neurosciences 481, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Network of Expert centres, FondaMental Foundation, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Lore Brunel
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor DHU Pe-PSY, INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie translationelle, Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- Service d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit - Public Health: Chronic diseases and quality of life, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Service d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit - Public Health: Chronic diseases and quality of life, Marseille, France.,Network of Expert centres, FondaMental Foundation, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Network of Expert centres, FondaMental Foundation, Créteil 94000, France.,University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit - Public Health: Chronic diseases and quality of life, Marseille, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit - Public Health: Chronic diseases and quality of life, Marseille, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
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16
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Fond G, Zendjidjian X, Boucekine M, Brunel L, Llorca PM, Boyer L. The World Health Organization (WHO) dataset for guiding suicide prevention policies: A 3-decade French national survey. J Affect Disord 2015; 188:232-8. [PMID: 26368948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health policies aim to prevent suicide in the general population. Assessing their effectiveness is required to further guide public health policies. The present article focuses on the French paradox. The French health care system was classified as the best in the world according the World Health Organization (WHO). However, suicide rates in France remain high compared to other European countries. The aim of the present article was to analyze (i) the evolution of suicide Age-Standardized Death (ASDRs) in France during the last three decades and the associations with socio-economic parameters and (ii) to understand which populations may specifically benefit from further targeted suicide prevention policies. METHODS The database of the World Health Organization (WHO), freely available, was explored in April 2015. ASDRs were calculated each year by ratio between the number of deaths by suicide and the total population (per 100,000 inhabitants). Number of deaths by gender and age were also analyzed. RESULTS Overall, ASDR suicide has decreased since 1987 in France (-32.8% between 1987 and 2010). However, France kept the same rank (10/26) when compared to other European countries between 1987 and 2010. The relative burden of suicide in all-causes mortality increased during the same period (+28.2%) while the total number of deaths by suicide increased only slightly (+3.9%). More specifically, the number of deaths by suicide increased substantially in [35-54] years old (+40%) and 75+ years old (+27%) males, and in [35-54] (+41%) years old females. Between 2000 and 2010, suicide rates significantly decreased when yearly mean income increased, and when general and psychiatric care beds decreased. CONCLUSION Although ASDR suicide has decreased in France since 1987, this decline is quite modest when considering its universal access to care, the prevention of depression and suicide public policies. Suicide prevention public policies should focus on evaluation and improvement of prevention and care in the [35-54] years old population, and in the males aged 75+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor, INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie Translationnelle, DHU Pe-Psy, France; Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, France.
| | - Xavier Zendjidjian
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, Research Unit, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Boucekine
- EA3279, Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 05 F-13385, France
| | - Lore Brunel
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, Pôle de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires H Mondor, INSERM U955, Eq Psychiatrie Translationnelle, DHU Pe-Psy, France; Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental Fondation de coopération scientifique en santé mentale, France; CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France; Service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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17
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Smoking behavior characteristics of non-selected smokers with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) history: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:379-89. [PMID: 24619241 PMCID: PMC5103035 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether adult smokers with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder history (CH) have more severe smoking behavior than non-CH smokers, while it is clearly suggested that CH adolescents have more severe smoking behavior than CH adolescents. The aim of the present comprehensive meta-analysis is to determine whether CH smokers have more severe smoking behavior characteristics than those without and the effect of age on the association between CH and smoking behavior. We included all case-control studies and first round data collection of observational studies addressing the difference in smoking behavior characteristics of CH smokers versus non-CH smokers, with validated scales or structured interviews, without any language or date restriction. Nine studies (including 365 smokers with CH and 1,708 smokers without) were included. Compared to non-CH smokers, CH smokers smoked significantly more cigarettes [standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.15, 95 % CI 0.01-0.28, p = 0.04] and began to regularly smoke earlier (SMD = -0.28, 95 % CI -0.49; -0.07, p = 0.01) but were not significantly more nicotine dependent (SMD = 0.23, 95 % CI -0.04 to 0.48, p = 0.08). After removing the single adolescent study, the significant association between CH and number of daily smoked cigarettes disappeared, and subgroups analyses confirmed that the significant association between CH and number of daily smoked cigarettes disappeared as age increased. Our meta-analysis illustrates a clinically important link between CH and tobacco smoking in adolescence but not later in life. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm this finding, as only two studies included participants with a mean age below 20 years.
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