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Scheinfeld E. The Role of Shame, Stigma, and Family Communication Patterns in the Decision to Disclose STIs to Parents in Order to Seek Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4742. [PMID: 36981650 PMCID: PMC10048974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is identified as a time of personal growth wherein emerging adults engage in sexual exploration and risky behaviors, potentially resulting in the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Due to the continued reliance on parents for support during this developmental period, emerging adults (EAs) may need to disclose their STI status to their parents. This study applies the health disclosure decision-making model (DD-MM) to extend our understanding of EA disclosures of sensitive health information such as STIs to parents. Data were collected from 204 college students. The results of mediational analyses provided some support for the mediating effects of family communication patterns on the relationship between relational quality and illness assessment (i.e., stigma) and willingness to disclose in a given scenario. The theoretical and practical implications of this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Scheinfeld
- School of Communication & Media, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
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Grey EB, Atkinson L, Chater A, Gahagan A, Tran A, Gillison FB. A systematic review of the evidence on the effect of parental communication about health and health behaviours on children's health and wellbeing. Prev Med 2022; 159:107043. [PMID: 35405179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parents report feeling unsure how best to talk with their children about sensitive health topics and may avoid such conversations; yet if children have questions or concerns about their health, talking to a parent could enhance their health and wellbeing. We investigated the effects of parental communications about health and health behaviours on children's health and wellbeing, and explored what strategies can encourage parents to communicate about health. We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of research published between January 2008 and April 2020 from five databases. Of 14,007 articles identified, 16 met inclusion criteria focusing on five topics: diet and weight (n = 5), body image (n = 2), sexual health (n = 7), physical activity (n = 1) and bullying (n = 1). Positive child outcomes were associated with positive general parent-child communication characterised by warmth, openness and allowing children choice. Conversely, hostility, negative and inconsistent messaging were associated with poorer outcomes. Interventions to increase parent-child communication could be classified as providing single directive messages, media campaigns or intensive support. Single messages increased communication frequency; media campaigns and intensive interventions showed mixed outcomes. No differences in outcomes were found according to child's gender or socio-economic status. Generally, parents were less confident in initiating, rather than continuing, conversations and were more likely to initiate conversations when they felt they had good topic knowledge. While the relatively small, diverse sample limits the strength of these findings, this review provides provisional support for approaches to promote positive parent-child communication about health that are associated with better child health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Grey
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - L Atkinson
- School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - A Gahagan
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - A Tran
- UK Health Security Agency, Department of Health and Social Care, Noble House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3HX, UK
| | - F B Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Espinoza LE. The Examination of Young Mexican American Women’s Contraceptive Use. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07399863211070074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review all literature on young Mexican American women’s contraceptive use practices in the U.S. to provide an overall picture of the largest Hispanic subgroup. We also discuss how sex education is important to contraceptive use and how parent-child sex communication takes place among young women of this specific population.
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Evans WD, Young BN, Johnson MA, Jagoe KA, Charron D, Rossanese M, Morgan KL, Gichinga P, Ipe J. The Shamba Chef Educational Entertainment Program to Promote Modern Cookstoves in Kenya: Outcomes and Dose-Response Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010162. [PMID: 31881652 PMCID: PMC6981508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally, an estimated 3.6 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking over open fires or in simple cookstoves. Universal access to clean cooking fuels and technology by 2030 is a United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal. Methods: The Mediae Company created a home makeover television and radio show, Shamba Chef, designed to promote modern, cleaner, safer cooking methods and improved nutrition in Kenya, which reached 5 million homes in late 2017. This was accompanied by a mobile phone platform called iChef. Researchers evaluated the effects of Shamba Chef on cookstove purchase, use, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. Results: The study revealed dose–response effects of Shamba Chef exposure on several key outcomes. Exposure to the program was associated with an awareness of improved biomass stoves (OR 4.4; 95% CI 2.8 to 6.9), and aspirations to own an improved biomass stove (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.9). Receiving information about modern stoves from two or more sources generated greater awareness of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1). The qualitative study revealed that Shamba Chef explained how the stoves worked, communicated their benefits, and encouraged participants to trust and purchase those cookstoves. Conclusion: Shamba Chef was successful in influencing determinants of cookstove purchase and use, and there is evidence from the qualitative study that it influenced the purchase and use of improved biomass stoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Michael A Johnson
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley University, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (M.A.J.); (K.A.J.); (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Kirstie A. Jagoe
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley University, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (M.A.J.); (K.A.J.); (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dana Charron
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley University, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (M.A.J.); (K.A.J.); (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Madeleine Rossanese
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley University, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (M.A.J.); (K.A.J.); (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | | | | | - Julie Ipe
- Clean Cooking Alliance, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
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Promoting meal planning through mass media: awareness of a nutrition campaign among Canadian parents. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:3349-3359. [PMID: 31663493 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate awareness of the Eat Well Campaign (EWC) among parents and assess perceptions about its effectiveness. DESIGN Post-campaign evaluation study with a cross-section of parents recruited through random digit dialling. Participants completed an online survey about EWC awareness, its perceived effectiveness among parents and their meal planning practices (attitudes, behaviours and self-efficacy). SETTING A federal mass-media campaign disseminated by Health Canada (2013-2014) to promote meal planning to Canadian parents. PARTICIPANTS Parents (n 964) of children aged 2-12 years from all Provinces and Territories. RESULTS Of respondents, 41 % (390/964) were aware of the campaign; Quebec City and rural Quebec had the highest rates of awareness, whereas Vancouver, Winnipeg and Toronto had the lowest. Awareness was greater among parents with lower income, basic education and French-speakers. Campaign intensity was significantly associated with greater odds of reporting positive attitudes towards the EWC and meal planning (P < 0·05). Campaign awareness was significantly associated with greater odds of believing that meal planning helps maintain a healthy diet (OR = 1·68, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·74) and planning meals (OR = 1·66, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·54), but not self-efficacy, in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to evaluate an initiative that promoted meal planning with mass media. The EWC demonstrated evidence of success in terms of equitable access to a nutrition initiative by reaching lower-income and less-educated parents. Understanding behavioural factors among different segments of the population will be important to target appropriate audiences and develop tailored interventions that support healthy eating practices.
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Evans WD, Andrade EL, Barrett N, Snider J, Cleary S, Edberg M. Outcomes of the Adelante community social marketing campaign for Latino youth. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:471-482. [PMID: 31106344 PMCID: PMC7962720 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors designed and evaluated an innovative, branded campaign called 'Adelante' to promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce risk behaviors among Latino youth near Washington, DC. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the intervention and a comparison community to evaluate campaign exposure and changes in PYD outcomes. The sample consisted of 1549 Latino and immigrant adolescents surveyed at three time points in intervention and comparison communities. A social marketing campaign was implemented using outdoor advertising, Web, video and social media channels to promote PYD and health outcomes over a 1-year period from 2015 to 2016. Measures included media use; self-reported exposure to campaign promotions; Adelante message receptivity; validated PYD scales; substance use, sexual risk taking, violence-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, intentions and risk behavior. Outcomes were regressed first on campaign exposure to examine dose-response effects of the Adelante campaign over time. Second, we compared outcomes between the Adelante and comparison communities. We observed a positive effect of self-reported exposure on multiple outcomes, including improvements in pro-violence and sexual risk outcomes and lower pro-violence attitudes and lower risky attitudes toward sex. Adelante was effective in improving youth risk outcomes and offers a promising model for future health promotion with Latino and immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Andrade
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Barrett
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeremy Snider
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Cleary
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Edberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Zhang J, Cederbaum JA, Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS. Theory-Based Behavioral Intervention Increases Mother-Son Communication About Sexual Risk Reduction Among Inner-City African-Americans. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:497-502. [PMID: 30146434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African-American adolescent males are at increased risk for HIV, yet there are few sexual risk-reduction interventions targeting this population. Interventions that include mothers can influence parentingbehaviors and in turn, reduce risky behaviors in adolescents. This study tests the efficacy of the Mother-Son Health Promotion Project at increasing mother-son communication about sexual risk reduction. METHODS African-American mothers with their sons (ages 10-15 years) residing in public housing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were randomized into a HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk-reduction intervention consisting of 16 1-hour modules or an attention-matched health-promotion control intervention.Mothers and sons completed surveys pre-intervention, immediately postintervention, and at 3-, 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months postintervention. RESULTS Of 525 mother-son dyads, 366 (69.7%) completed the 24-months postintervention follow-up survey. Generalized-estimating-equations models using both mothers' and sons' reports revealed that over 24 months, mothers and sons in the HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk-reduction intervention were more likely to communicate about sexual health, including sexual intercourse, birth control, HIV/AIDS prevention, and condoms. Intervention efficacy was found to weaken over time. CONCLUSIONS This culturally grounded, theory-based intervention was efficacious in increasing mother-son communication about sexual risk reduction. The work highlights the value of the intervention toincrease parental protective factors, including communication by mothers, to decrease HIV risk behaviors of African-American adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Children, Youth, & Families, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John B Jemmott
- School of Medicine and Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Loretta Sweet Jemmott
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Evaluation of Behavior Change Communication Campaigns to Promote Modern Cookstove Purchase and Use in Lower Middle Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010011. [PMID: 29271949 PMCID: PMC5800111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nearly three billion people worldwide burn solid fuels and kerosene in open fires and inefficient stoves to cook, light, and heat their homes. Cleaner-burning stoves reduce emissions and can have positive health, climate, and women’s empowerment benefits. This article reports on the protocol and baseline data from the evaluation of four behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns carried out in lower to middle income countries aimed at promoting the sale and use of cleaner-burning stoves. Interventions implemented in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria are using a range of BCC methods including mass media, digital media, outdoor advertising, and inter-personal communication. The mixed methods evaluation comprises three large-scale surveys: one pre-BCC and two follow-ups, along with smaller scale assessments of stove uptake and patterns of use. Baseline results revealed varying levels of awareness of previous promotions and positive attitudes and beliefs about modern (i.e., relatively clean-burning) cookstoves. Differences in cookstove preferences and behaviors by gender, socio-demographics, media use, and country/region were observed that may affect outcomes. Across all three countries, cost (lack of funds) a key perceived barrier to buying a cleaner-burning stove. Future multivariate analyses will examine potential dose-response effects of BCC on cookstove uptake and patterns of use. BCC campaigns have the potential to promote modern cookstoves at scale. More research on campaign effectiveness is needed, and on how to optimize messages and channels. This evaluation builds on a limited evidence base in the field.
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Grindlay K, Grossman D. Prescription Birth Control Access Among U.S. Women at Risk of Unintended Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:249-54. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Grossman
- Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, California
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Atienzo EE, Ortiz-Panozo E, Campero L. Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication: A study from Mexico. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2015; 27:275-283. [PMID: 25153551 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on parent-adolescent sexual health communication come from developed countries and are based on either parents' or children's reports. In developing countries, there is little evidence about the agreement among reports of all parties involved in parent-adolescent sexual health communication. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the congruence (agreement) between adolescents and their parents about how frequently they discuss on selected sexual health topics. SUBJECTS A total of 1606 parent-adolescent dyads of adolescents attending the first year in public high schools and their parents, in Morelos, Mexico were sampled in this study. METHODS The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the frequency of parent-adolescent communication about eight sexual health topics. An ordinal logistic threshold model was used to estimate intra-class correlation coefficients within parent-adolescent dyads (as a measure of congruence) and to test if thresholds were equal between parents and adolescents. RESULTS Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication ranged from 0.205 (menstruation) to 0.307 (condoms) for mother-adolescent dyads, and from 0.103 (ejaculation) to 0.380 (condoms) for father-adolescent dyads. The thresholds (i.e., the cutoff points that define the categories in the observed ordinal variable) differed between parents and adolescents for each of the sexual health topics explored (p<0.05 for father-adolescent dyads and p<0.001 for mother-adolescent dyads). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a low congruence between parents' and adolescents' reports on parent-adolescent sexual health communication. This might be due to interpretation of frequency and intensity of sexual health communication which differs between parents and adolescents.
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Women's perspectives on age restrictions for over-the-counter access to oral contraceptives. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:38-43. [PMID: 25438967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing movement for an over-the-counter (OTC) oral contraceptive (OC) in the United States. This study aimed to explore women's views regarding an age restriction for an OTC OC. METHODS From November to December 2011, we administered a nationally representative survey of U.S. women aged 18-44 years who were at risk of unintended pregnancy to explore their opinions of an age restriction for an OTC OC. A total of 2,046 women completed the survey. Weighted proportions were calculated, and logistic regression was used to identify covariates associated with supporting an age restriction. Chi-square tests of potential advantages and disadvantages of OTC access to OCs by support for an age restriction were also performed. RESULTS Overall, 26% of respondents supported an age restriction for an OTC OC; 28% were against an age restriction, and 46% were unsure. In multivariable analysis controlling for overall support for OTC access to OCs and for other covariates, women were more likely to support an age restriction for an OTC OC if they had less than a high school degree (odds ratio [OR], 2.5), a high school degree (OR, 1.6), or some college (OR, 1.6) compared with a college degree; if they were married compared with never married (OR, 2.1); and if they lived in the Midwest (OR, 2.1) or South (OR, 2.1) compared with the West. CONCLUSIONS A minority of women support an age restriction. Women's concerns about a potential OTC OC should be addressed through education and ongoing research.
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Grossman D, Grindlay K, Li R, Potter JE, Trussell J, Blanchard K. Interest in over-the-counter access to oral contraceptives among women in the United States. Contraception 2013; 88:544-52. [PMID: 23664627 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence indicates that over-the-counter (OTC) access to oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) is safe and effective. STUDY DESIGN We performed a nationally representative survey of adult women at risk of unintended pregnancy using a probability-based online panel. In November-December 2011, 2046 eligible women completed the survey. Weighted proportions were calculated, and logistic regression was used to identify covariates associated with support for and interest in using an OTC OCP. RESULTS A total of 62.2% said they were strongly (31.4%) or somewhat (30.9%) in favor of OCPs being available OTC. A total of 37.1% of participants reported being likely to use OCPs if available OTC, including 58.7% of current users, 28.0% using no method and 32.7% using a less effective method. Covariates associated with a higher odds of reporting interest in using OTC OCPs were younger age; being divorced, being separated or living with a partner (versus married); being uninsured or having private insurance (versus public insurance); living in the south (versus northeast); and current use of OCPs or less effective methods, or nonuse of contraception (versus use of another hormonal method or intrauterine device). Among respondents who said they were likely to use OTC OCPs, the highest amount they were willing to pay was on average $20. CONCLUSIONS US women are supportive of OTC access to OCPs, and many would obtain refills OTC or start using OCPs if they were available OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grossman
- Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, CA, USA; Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Pelullo CP, Di Giuseppe G, Angelillo IF. Human papillomavirus infection: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among lesbian, gay men, and bisexual in Italy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42856. [PMID: 22905178 PMCID: PMC3414511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study assess knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the vaccination among a random sample of 1000 lesbian, gay men, and bisexual women and men. METHODS A face-to-face interview sought information about: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV infection, perception of risk towards HPV infection and/or cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, perception of the benefits of a vaccination to prevent cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, sexual behaviors, health-promoting behaviors, and willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. RESULTS Only 60.6% had heard about the HPV infection and this knowledge was significantly higher in female, in those being a member of a homosexual association, in those having had the first sexual experience at a younger age, in those having received information about the HPV infection from physicians, and in those having no need of information about HPV infection. A higher perceived risk of contracting HPV infection has been observed in those younger, lesbian and gay men, who have heard of HPV infection and knew the risk factors and its related diseases, who have received information about HPV infection from physicians, and who need information about HPV infection. Only 1.7% have undergone HPV immunization and 73.3% professed intent to obtain it in the future. The significant predictors of the willingness to receive this vaccine were belief that the vaccination is useful, perception to be at higher risk of contracting HPV infection, and perception to be at higher risk of developing cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Information and interventions are strongly needed in order to overcome the lack of knowledge about HPV infection and its vaccination. Inclusion of boys in the national vaccination program and initiate a catch-up program for men who have sex with men up to 26 years may reduce their burden of HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Italo F. Angelillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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