Validation of Michigan risk score and D-dimer to predict peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis: A study of 206,132 catheter days

Incidence and risk factors of PICC-related thrombosis in breast cancer: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The incidence and risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis in patients with breast cancer have not been fully elucidated.

METHOD

Meta-analysis was performed by searching all studies on the incidence of peripherally inserted central catheter-associated thrombosis and risk factors for its formation in breast cancer patients from the establishment of the database to May 2023, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) and Wanfang databases. Then the incidence of peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis and risk factors for its formation were analyzed in breast cancer patients.

RESULTS

A total of 15 articles were included, involving 8635 patients. The total incidence of peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis in breast cancer patients was 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 4.0-13.0%) and 12.9% (95% confidence interval: 7.0-22.5%) after correction. Thirty-two risk factors were included, and eight risk factors could be combined. Among these risk factors, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in body mass index ≥ 25 (odds ratio = 6.319, 95% confidence interval: 2.733-14.613; P < 0.001), D-dimer >500 ng/ml (odds ratio = 1.436, 95% confidence interval: 1.113-1.854; P = 0.005), increased fibrinogen (odds ratio = 4.733, 95% confidence interval: 1.562-14.346; P = 0.006), elevated platelet count (odds ratio = 4.134, 95% confidence interval: 2.694-6.346; P < 0.001) and catheter malposition (odds ratio = 8.475, 95% confidence interval: 2.761-26.011; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The incidence rate of peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis in breast cancer patients was 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 4.0-13.0%). Body mass index ≥ 25, D-dimer >500 ng/ml, elevated fibrinogen, elevated platelet count and catheter malposition were risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis in breast cancer patients.

Biomarkers Associated with Thrombosis in Patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

The measurement and identification of plasma biomarkers can support the estimation of risk and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the association between the levels of potential biomarkers that reflect the activation of the blood system, long-term vascular complications, inflammatory system, and the occurrence of PICC-related DVT.

METHODS

Seven electronic databases (Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ERIC) were searched to identify literature published until December 2022. Studies were required to report: (I) adult and pediatric patients, outpatient or admitted to clinical, surgical, or ICU with PICC; (II) patients with PICC-related DVT and patients without PICC-related DVT as a comparator; and (III) at least one biomarker available. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Study precision was evaluated by using a funnel plot for platelets level. We provided a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the findings on the biomarkers' outcomes of the studies. We pooled the results using random effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software v5.4. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108871).

RESULTS

Of the 3564 studies identified (after duplication removal), 28 were included. PICC-related DVT was associated with higher D-dimers (0.37 μg/mL, 95% CI 0.02, 0.72; p = 0.04, I² = 92%; p for heterogeneity < 0.00001) and with higher platelets (8.76 × 10⁹/L, 95% CI 1.62, 15.91; p = 0.02, I² = 41%; p for heterogeneity = 0.06).

CONCLUSIONS

High levels of D-dimer and platelet were associated with DVT in patients with PICC. However, biomarkers such as APTT, fibrinogen, FDP, glucose, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, INR, prothrombin time, prothrombin fragment 1.2, the thrombin-antithrombin complex, and WBC were not related to the development of DVT associated with PICC.

Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in patients with solid tumors: a narrative review and clinical guidance for daily care

Central venous access devices (CVADs) including central venous catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are essential in the treatment of cancer. Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is the most frequent non-infectious complication associated with the use of central lines. The development of CRT may cause to delays in oncologic treatment and increase morbidity leading to potentially life-threatening complications. Several local and systemic risk factors are associated with the development of CRT and should be taken into account to prevent CRT by standardizing appropriate catheter placement and maintenance. The use of primary pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in order to avoid CRT is not routinely recommended, although it can be considered in selected cases. Recommendations for the management of established CRT are based on the extrapolation of anticoagulation for lower limb venous thrombosis. The present review summarizes the current evidence and recommendations for the prevention and management of CRT and identifies areas that require further research.