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Sbaoui Y, Ezaouine A, Toumi M, Farkas R, Kbaich MA, Habbane M, El Mouttaqui S, Kadiri FZ, El Messal M, Tóth E, Bennis F, Chegdani F. Effect of Climate on Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity of Moroccan Marine Microbiota. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081622. [PMID: 36014042 PMCID: PMC9414901 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Moroccan coast is characterized by a diversity of climate, reflecting a great richness and diversity of fauna and flora. By this, marine microbiota plays a fundamental role in many biogeochemical processes, environmental modifications, and responses to temperature changes. To date, no exploration by high-throughput techniques has been carried out on the characterization of the Moroccan marine microbiota. The objective of this work is to study the diversity and metabolic functions of MMM from the Moroccan coast (Atlantic and Mediterranean) according to the water source (WS) and the type of climate (CT) using the approach high-throughput sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. Four water samples of twelve sampling sites from the four major climates along the Moroccan coastline were collected, and prokaryotic DNA was extracted. V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and the product PCR was sequenced by Illumina Miseq. The β-diversity and α-diversity indices were determined to assess the species richness and evenness. The obtained results were analyzed by Mothur and R software. A total of twenty-eight Bacterial phyla and twelve Archaea were identified from the samples. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria are the three key bacterial phyla, and the Archaeal phyla identified are: Euryarchaeota, Nanoarchaeaeota, Crenarchaeota, Hydrothermarchaeota, Asgardaeota, Diapherotrites, and Thaumarchaeota in the Moroccan coastline and the four climates studied. The whole phylum are involved in marine biogeochemical cycles, and through their functions they participate in the homeostasis of the ocean in the presence of pollutants or stressful biotic and abiotic factors. In conclusion, the obtained results reported sufficient deepness of sequencing to cover the majority of Archaeal and Bacterial genera in each site. We noticed a strong difference in microbiota diversity, abundance, and taxonomy inter- and intra-climates and water source without significant differences in function. To better explore this diversity, other omic approaches can be applied such as the metagenomic shotgun, and transcriptomic approaches allowing a better characterization of the Moroccan marine microbiota and to understand the mechanisms of its adaptation and its impacts in/on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Sbaoui
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-6634-40077
| | - Abdelkarim Ezaouine
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Marwene Toumi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rózsa Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mouad Ait Kbaich
- Departement of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mouna Habbane
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratoire Biologie et Santé, Faculté des Sciences Ben M’Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othman, Casablanca 20670, Morocco
| | - Sara El Mouttaqui
- Department of Biology, Immunophysiopathology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Fatem Zahra Kadiri
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Mariame El Messal
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Faiza Bennis
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Fatima Chegdani
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
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